新托福各题型失分.ppt

新托福各题型失分点总结,新托福考试阅读大部分取材于欧美大专院校课上所接触到得文章，文体涵盖的范围也比较广泛：包括议论文，记叙文，历史传记，社会科学以及商业技术等。在托福考试中，一篇文章后会有12-14道不等的题目需要考生去回答。这些题目所涵盖的题型和回答要点也因文章的内容不同而有所差异。考生在考试的过程中，往往会出现对文章理解不到位或时间紧迫而造成的低分现象。但总体来说，拿捏好阅读的题型，攻克其失分的关键，才是阅读制胜的关键。下面我们就从托福阅读的题型分类来一一找出易丢分的点以及攻克的关键,1.vocabulary,（1）词汇指代失分点：未完全理解上下文含义；错选同义词或近义词；看不懂相关选项的含义Trendsinclothingfashionsareoftenengineeredbyclothingdesigners,advertisers,andthemediatocreateaparticular“look”.The“grunge”lookisanexampleofaheavilypromotedfashion.Fashionsaremoreuniversallysubscribedtothanfads.Wearingathleticshoesascasualattireisagoodexampleofauniversalfashion.Glossary:Grunge:Onethatisdirty,inferior,obnoxious,orboring.,ThewordssubscribedtointhepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA:advertisedB:donatedtoC:followedD:led（2）代词指代失分点：未看懂文章内容，就近指代；将it错看成形式主语；按语境理解而不考虑语法意义。,AstudyofelderlymenandwomeninNewZealandfoundthattelevisioncanactuallyserveasacompanionbyassuming“theroleofsocialcontactwiththewiderworld.”Itcanreducefeelingofisolationandlonelinessbecauseitdirectsviewersattentionawayfromthemselves.Thustelevisionsreplacementvoicescanprovidecomfortbecausetheydistractfromafocusonbeingalone.TheworditinthepassagereferstoA:companionB:isolationC:lonelinessD:television,2.SentenceSimplification,失分点：改变句子原意；随意增减原文信信息；与原文信息相反；省略重要信息内容SmartmarketersshouldbelessconcernedwithwhetherU.S.andEuropeanconsumersarealikeandmoreconcernedwithmonitoringthevarietyoffactorsthataccountforpotentialsimilaritiesanddifferences.Attentiontothedynamicnatureofthosefactorswillproduceopportunitiesforthealertmarkerter.A:amarketerwhoisnotsosmartshouldbemoreconcernedwiththedifferenceofeatinghabitsbetweenU.S.andEuropeanconsumersandlessconcernedwithmonitoringthevarietyoffactorsthataccountforpotentialsimilaritiesanddifferences.,B:ItisnotimportantwhetherU.S.andEuropeanconsumershaveasimilareatinghabit.Itisthepotentialsimilaritiesanddifferencesthatpeopleshouldbemoreconcernedwith.C:Marketersshouldfocusonthefactorsthataccountfordifferencesratherthanthedifferencesthemselves.D:Monitoringthevarietyoffoodscouldexplainthepotentialsimilaritiesanddifferences.,3.SentenceAddition,失分点：未读完文章即鲁莽选择；忽略相关连接词所具有的指示作用；Inaddition,humanbeingsrequirethegiveandtakeofactualinteraction.Thevalueofthesereplacementvoicesshouldnotbeoversold.Foronething,almosteveryoneagreesthattoomuchTVdoesnotdoanygoodandmaycausemuchharm.AManystudiesshowthatexcessiveTVwatchingincreasesviolentbehavior,especiallyinchildren,andcancause,ratherthanease,otherantisocialbehaviorsanddepression.BStevenPinker,anexpertinchildrenslanguageacquisition,warnsthatchildrencannotdeveloplanguageproperlybywatchingtelevision.CTheyneedtointeractwithactualspeakerswhoresponddirectlytotheirspecificneeds.DReplacementvoicesarenotrealvoicesandintheendcandoonlylimitedgood.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?,4.Factualquestions,考查要点：事实细节题即文章中已经明确出现过或明确指代过的内容，在题目当中再次出现，主要考察考生对文章当中出现的数据，描述和说明等内容是否留意。很多考生认为事实细节题会相对容易找出正确答案，可以肯定的是细节题关系到对文章的整体认知，相反，答错题目也正好说明了对文章的整体把握还不到位。失分点：理解偏差，导致对细节理解不到位；无法找全衔接点；表达信息不正确；使用了文章内容，但与文章主题无关,Peopleseatinghabitsarestronglyinfluencedbyanumberoffactorsbesidestaste.Culturalvalues,demographiccharacteristics,personalfinances,andconcernabouttheenvironmentallhelpdeterminewhatyoueat.Furthermore,advancesintechnology,lawsandcompetitionarefactorsinwhatfoodsareavailabletoyou.TotheextentthatU.S.andEuropeanconsumersareinfluencedsimilarlybythesefactors,youwouldexpectand,indeed,wouldfindtheireatinghabitstoberemarkablysimilar.However,becausetherelativeinfluenceofmanyofthesevariablesdiffersonthetwosidesoftheAtlantic,U.S.dinersandEuropeansoftenfindthemselveseatingdifferentthings.,Oneofthemostsignificantfactorsthatappearstoaccountfordifferencesisthevariationinsocialvalues.ConsumersintheUnitedStates,forexample,havebeeninterestedinthehealthandfitnessaspectsoftheirfoodforsometime.Thisinteresthasresultedinadelugeofdietandothertypesof“lite”foodonU.S.groceryshelves.Europeanconsumers,however,arejustbeginningtogetinterestedindietand“lite”foods.ArecentstudyfoundbothU.S.andEuropeanconsumersprimarilyinterestedinthefatcontentoffoods.Afterthiscommonality,however,theconcernsofthetwogroupsdiverged.Europeanswant(indescendingorder)freshness,vitaminandmineralcontent,andnutritionalvaluewhileAmericanslookforfoodslowinsalt,cholesterol,andsugar.,Glossary:Upheaval:abigchangeinsocietyorinfamilylikewhichcausesalotoftrouble,confusion,andworryinpeopleslivesAccordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A:BothU.S.andEuropeanconsumersarenotinterestedinthefatcontentoffoods.B:U.S.consumersaremoreinterestedindietandother“lite”food.C:Europeansdonotcareaboutfreshness,vitaminandnutritionalvalue.D:Europeanscareaboutfoodslowinsalt,cholesterol,andsugar.,5.Listing列举否定题,考察要点：否定题相对简单，主要是对文章中未曾出现过的事实内容进行排除，通常情况下，否定题都是混合在事实题里面，作为干扰项失分点：找不到段落关键词；推理不正确，找不到隐含意义6.推断题考查要点：掌握推断技巧并非易事，所谓推断是指文中包含推断所需信息，但并未直接陈述出来，需要考生从已知信息中推断得出。题干中常出现的词有：implied,inferred,likely,或probably.为了更好地推断，考生一定要注意日期和数字。一些关键词在做题中也非常有用，比如表示多少的副词many,some,muchof,several,afew,most;情态动词may,can,could;表示过去的usedtobe,were,atonetime,previously;表示不是唯一的notonly,notexclusively.失分点：忽略原文中的数字和日期等相关线索；按个人直觉主观臆断；,7.Summary总结性图表题,考察要点：主要观点题相对来说是所有题型当中较难的一种，需要注意的一点是，此题型需要考生总结文章中的主要观点而非次要观点，有时会以表格的形式出现在考试中失分点：未分清主次结构；忽略文章中的修辞方式；忽略或不明白各个段落的主旨句；混淆真实和错误的信息；,8.修辞目的题（作者目的题）,题型分析：顾名思义，即作者采用举例，说明，解释等方法，对文章的某一内容进行进一步的说明，题目会考察学生为什么某个句子会使用某些词。失分点：答案中使用的段落词汇与问题无关；与文中所提供的信息不符,IntheU.S.alone,eachweeksome77,000newbornsbeginthemiraculousprocessofwiringtheirbrainsforalifetimeoflearning.Ifparentsandpolicymakersdontpayattentiontotheconditionsunderwhichthisdelicateprocesstakesplace,wewillallsuffertheconsequenceseventually.Whydoestheauthormention77,000newborns?A:tostatethatthereisacertainnumberofnewbornseachweek.B:toillustratethatitisimportantforparentsandgovernmentofficialstopayattentiontothecrucialprocess.C:toprovehowimportantthesebabiesare.D:toexplainhowimportantthebrainisandparentsandgovernmentofficialsshouldpayattentiontoit.,Giventhewidespreadbeliefthatemploymentduringadolescenceissuppos