高三英语一轮句子成分复习

1,句子成分和基本句型,句子成分的定义,组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分，包括主语、谓语（由动词充当）、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语和同位语(通常由名词充当)。其中，主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语及表语称为句子的基本成分。而定语、状语和同位语称为句子的附属成分。,1主语：一般在句子开头。如：,LucyisanAmericangirl.WestudyinJiaozhouNo.1MiddleSchool.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.,注意therebe句型，主语不是there。Therearealotofchildreninthestreet.There_(stand)abuilding.,2谓语：,1.Theboyrunsquicklyinthestreet.2.HelikesEnglish.3.Heturnedoffthelight.4.Herparentsareworkers.5.Sheisdancingandsinging.6.HehaslearnedEnglishforthreeyears.7.Thedifficultproblemissolved.8.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.9.Icanswim.10.Idontlikeit.,谓语由动词或动词短语充当。谓语可以由单个的动词或动词短语（简单谓语）充当，也可以是由助动词加某种动词形式构成（复合谓语）。谓语体现了时态、语态，人称数的变化。,谓语在人称和数方面必须和主语一致。,常见得不及物动词go,arrive,come,begin,work,listen,look,agree,sit,die,fall,fail,rise,run,remain,hurry,succeed,happenoccur,takeplace,breakout,改错题。1.Heislookingme.2.Heislisteningthetearchercarefully.3.Wearrivedschoolat7oclockeveryday.4.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinmyhometown.5.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshowedthatglobalwarmingisseriousnow.,6.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.7.IwasonlyfourwhenIfeedadog.8.WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappy.9.Wedliketoinviteforyoutotheexhibition.10.Themorefreindswehave,themorewecanlearnforoneanother.11.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.12.Wecouldlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningtomusic.13.Mydreamschoollooklikebeautiful.14.Wemustfoundwaystoprotecttheenvironment.,3.宾语：只出现在两个地方，要么vt.后面，要么prep.后面。如：,Hewasoftenconcernedaboutme.WestudyEnglishatschool.,4表语：只出现在连系动词后面，连系动词后面的都是表语。如：,Youareastudent.,Helooksnice.,主语+谓语+表语（S+V+P）,一be动词类：am,is,are,was,were二感官动词类:look,sound,smell,taste,feel,三表示状态变化类:become,get,turn,grow,gofall四表状态延续的动词:remain,stay,keepstand五似乎，好像:seem,appear,10,(三)挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Hesufferedalotlastyear.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.TheydidntknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.,11,(四)挑出下列句中的表语）Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.WhyisheworriedaboutJim?Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.,5.宾补足语：是补充说明宾语的。如：,HisparentsnamedhimJim.,Wefoundthebookinteresting.,Lucyleavesthelighton.,简单句的五个基本句型,简单句的五个基本句型,1.S+V(主语+谓语)2.S+V+P(主语+谓语+表语)3.S+V+O(主语+谓语+宾语)4.S+V+o+O(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)5.S+V+O+OC(主语+谓语+宾语+宾补),主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt.+o+O)Iwillgiveyouabooktomorrow.Iwillgiveabooktomorrowtoyoutomorrow.Janeboughtmeabirthdaygiftintheshop.Janeboughtabirthdaygiftformeintheshop.,16,用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。,主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+Vt.+O+OC)宾补就是对宾语进行补充说明的成分。.WecallhimTony.Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Isawthelittlegirldancingintheroom.OurEnglishteacheradvisedustodosomereadingseveryday.,Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.,HisfathernamedhimDongming.Hedrewmeapicture.Igaveherabirthdaygiftyesterday.Heispreparingusbreakfast.Theypaintedtheirhousered.Wesawherenteringtheclassroom.Itmakesmehappy.,基本句型1.简单句(单一主语+单一谓语+其他成分)e.g.:Margiehatedschool.2.并列句(and,but,or等并列连词引导的两个各有主谓的简单句)eg:Jerrylikesreadingandshehasreadlotsofbooks.3.复杂句(含定语从句、名词性从句及状语从句的句子)eg:Whenheenteredtheroom,hesawamanwholayonthefloor.,.1.Themantookoutthekey,_（open)thedoorandenteredtheroom.2.Themansatthere,_(reading)abook.3._(work)hard,andyouwillsucceed.4.Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofimportance.5.Thisisthegirlwho_(live)nextdoor.6.Mydecisionisthatallofus_(start)at6oclocktommorow.7._(hear)thenews,shewasexcited.,1.他昨天下午在图书馆借了一本书。2.妈妈送诶他一份他渴望已经的礼物。3.太阳东升西落。4.他故意把门涂成了红色。5.水果在夏天很容