药剂学专业英语.ppt

孙进沈阳药科大学药剂教研室新科研楼327室Tel:23986325,专业英语(药剂学专业),科学引文索引是美国科技信息研究InstituteforScientificInformation,简称ISI)编辑出版社的用来查询科技文献及其引用情况的检索工具,其内容涉及科技领域150多个学科,主要门类可归为数学、物理学、化学、生物学、微生物学、农业、分子生物学与遗传学、临床医学、神经学、药学、计算机科学、生态与环境等,其中以基础科学研究为主。由于SCI对其收录的期刊采用了定量和定性的多种严格而科学的方法筛选,因而它所收载的均是集中了各学科高质量的优秀论文精萃的期刊,全面覆盖了世界最重要、最有影响的研究成果。SCI的研究成果代表着世界基础学科研究的最高水准。科技论文被SCI收录和引用,成为评价其国际学术地位、基础科学研究水平、科技创新实力和科技论文质量的国际通用的依据。,SCI(ScienceCitationIndex),药剂专业常见的权威期刊,国际药学杂志InternationalJofPharmaceutics2.0药物研究PharmaceuticalResearch2.9药物科学杂志JofPharmaceuticalScience2.2药学及药理学杂志JofPharmacyandPharmacology1.3控制释放杂志JofControlledRelease3.3欧洲药物科学杂志Eur.JofPharmaceuticalScience1.9药物传递DrugDelivery1.3,专业英语的特点,单词的专业化(生僻、复合、多意)长的复合句(句中有句、并列句)被动语态的广泛应用晦涩的背景知识英美母语专业的习惯,Dilate,elevate,disintegrate，apothecaryErythromycin,macrolide,levofloxacinNeonate,children,adult,geriatricsCardiac,gastrointestinal,mydriatic,miotics,bowel,constipation,emetics,生僻,单词的专业化(生僻、复合、多意),Pharmacy,pharmaceutical,pharmaceuticspharmacogenetics,pharmacognosy,pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamic,pharmacopoeia,pharmacophobia,pharmacophore,pharmacotherapypharmacology,pharmacologist,pharmaceutist,pharmacistBiopharmacy,造词中最常使用的复合法形成具有创新意义的单词,单词的专业化(生僻、复合、多意),PupilAdministerAgentTermsideeffectThefilmisgenerallycolored.Thesolutespassagethroughthebiologicalbarrier.,多意,单词的专业化(生僻、复合、多意),英译汉的方法,英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。而英译汉的过程则是正确理解英语原文和创造性地用汉语再现英语原文的过程,在英译汉的过程中,有两点值得我们特别地注意:1)汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容,即句子或文章的意义,而不是句子结构;2)在翻译过程中,英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。3)译文得合乎汉语的习惯,中英文语法结构不同，英文可随时插入定语，对名词作进一步的阐述；插入状语，对谓语动词加以修饰和限制，逐渐形成结构复杂、逻辑严密的长句。中文句子多简短，有主次先后，逐点交代，层层铺开。语言结构的不同致使英文长句汉译有一定的难度。要翻译英文中长得像火车似的句子，就必须把它切成一节一节地来译，故采用拆译法是解决问题的有效途径。,长的复合句(句中有句、并列句),Itiswellknownthatalthoughapharmaceuticalvehiclemaynotpenetratetheskintoanygreatextentnoractuallycarrythemedicinalsubstancethroughtheskin,thevehicledoesinfluencetherateanddegreeofpenetrationofamedicinalagent,andthedegreeandratevarywithdifferentdrugsandwithdifferentvehicles.,复合句,长的复合句(句中有句、并列句),Itiswellknownthatalthoughapharmaceuticalvehiclemaynotpenetratetheskintoanygreatextentnoractuallycarrythemedicinalsubstancethroughtheskin,thevehicledoesinfluencetherateanddegreeofpenetrationofamedicinalagent,andthedegreeandratevarywithdifferentdrugsandwithdifferentvehicles.,复合句,长的复合句(句中有句、并列句),Drugsadministeredintravenouslyproviderapidactioncomparedtootherroutesofadministrationandbecausedrugabsorptionisnotafactor,optimumbloodlevelsmaybeachievedwiththeaccuracyandimmediacynotpossiblebyotherroutes。,并列句,长的复合句(句中有句、并列句),被动语态的广泛应用,Themajorityoftabletsareusedintheoraladministrationofdrugs.Manyofthesearepreparedwithcolorantsandcoatingofvarioustypes.Tabletsarepreparedprimarilyofcompressionwithalimitednumberpreparedbymolding.Theirshapeanddimensionaredeterminedbyuseofvariousshapedpunchesanddies.,被动语态的广泛应用,劣:Weimmersedthesamplesinanultrasonicbathfor3minutesinacetonefollowedby10minutesindistilledwater.优:Thesampleswereimmersedinanultrasonicbathfor3minutesinacetonefollowedby10minutesindistilledwater.,被动语态的广泛应用,优:TheworkwascarriedoutontheImperialCollegegasatomizer，whichwasdescribedindetailelsewhere.劣:WecarriedoutthisworkontheImperialCollegegasatomizer，whichwasdescribedindetailelsewhere.,被动语态的广泛应用,Asystemhasbeendevelopedwhichrelatescombinationsofadrugssolubility(highorlow)anditsintestinalpermeability(highorlow)asapossiblebasisforpredictingthelikelihoodofachievingasuccessfulinvivo-invitrocorrelation(IVIVC).Forahighsolubilityandhighpermeabilitydrug,anIVIVCmaybeexpectedifthedissolutionrateisslowerthantherateofgastricemptying.,Therateatwhichadrugsubstancedissolvesinmediumisreferredtoasitsdissolutionrate.Dissolutionratedata,whenconsideredalongwithdataonthedrugssolubility,partitioncharacteristics,anddissolutionconstant,canprovideanindicationofthedrugsabsorptionpotentialfollowingadministration.,晦涩的背景知识,英美母语专业的习惯,Althoughapharmaceuticalvehiclemaynotpenetratetheskintoanygreatextentnoractuallycarrythemedicinalsubstancethroughtheskin,thevehicledoesinfluencetherateanddegreeofpenetrationofamedicinalagent,语句的要求,句型的分析*指标词的运用*能够进行较为流畅翻译*能够书写简单的短英语文章*知道科技论文书写的时态,句型的分析,Asystemhasbeendevelopedwhichrelatescombinationsofadrugssolubility(highorlow)anditsintestinalpermeability(highorlow)asapossiblebasisforpredictingthelikelihoodofachievingasuccessfulinvivo-invitrocorrelation(IVIVC).,Thisarticlereviewsrecentadvancesinourunderstandingofthestructure,druginteractionmechanism.Inviewofitswidelocalization.ofP-gp,anditsATP-dependentoutward-orientedtransport,P-gpactivelyparticipatesinintestinalsecretion,blood-tissuebarriers,and.Moreover,theimportanceofP-gp-mediateddruginteractionsinclinicalpracticecanhardlybeunderestimated,sinceitmayresultinseveresideeffects,suchasdigitalisdruginteraction.Polymorphismorsinglenucleotidepolymorphism(SNP)associatedwithP-gpmayexertasignificanteffectonthepharmacokineticbehaviorofitssubstrates,afact.Inaddition,dietarycomponentsandpharmaceuticalexcipientsmaymodulateP-gpactivity,andasaresultaffectinvivodrugdispositionandtherapeuticefficacy;examplesincludegrapefruitjuice,PluronicP85,PEG300,etc.Insummary,itshouldbeemphasizedthatP-gpisanintegralcomponentintheprocessofdrugdiscovery,developmentstrategy,andclinicaltherapy.,指标词的运用,Thesystemicclearanceofmanyquinoloneantibioticsismainlyviametabolismandurinaryexcretion;bycontrast,biliaryexcretionisamajorrouteofeliminationforanewquinolonegrepafloxacin(GPFX).Accordingly,westudiedthehepaticup-takeofGPFXbecauseitisthefirststepinthedrugshepato-biliarytransport.GPFXinhibitedtheuptakeoftaurocholicacid,pravastatin(organicanion),ci-metidine(organiccation)andouabain(neutralsteroid).However,GPFXuptakewasnotinhibitedbythesecompounds.Inconclusion,theeffectivehepaticuptakeofquinoloneantibioticsareviacarrier-mediatedactivetransport,whichisdistinctfromthatinvolvedinthetransportofbileacids,organicanions,organiccationsorneutralsteroids.,指标词的运用,药剂专外中单词要求,尽量掌握专业科技论文中见单词尽量掌握多的词根、词缀和短语尽量掌握多的本专业的重要单词注意单词在普通英语与专业英语中的差别,教学方法,每次课前将要考学生的专业单词掌握情况每次课前要求大家预习，课中要求学生翻译每次课将强调一些重要的专业单词每次课将强调一些重要的词根和词缀每次课将强调一些重要的句型,Therateatwhichadrugsubstancedissolvesinmediumisreferredtoasitsdissolutionrate.Adrugisdefined/denoted/describedasanagentintendedforuseinthediagnosis,.Anagentintendedforuseinthediagnosis,.,isdefined/referredto/describedasadrug.食物是指能够提供人们营养的一类物质。AsubstancecapableofprovidingthenourishmenttohumansisreferredtoasFoodInvolve,beInvolvedin,Involving,Introductiontodrugsandpharmacy,Gastrointestinal,Gastric,intestinal,enteric,intestineErythro-Erythromycin,Erythrocyte,erythroblasthemo-hemoleukocyte,hemoglobin,hemolysis,hemodialysis,hemodynamicHema-hemachrome,hematology.Hematolysis,hematicSerum,plasma,blood,Secretion,ExcretionAssistin,aidin,helpto,facilitateAIDS爱滋病,获得性免疫功能丧失综合症(AcquiredImmureDeficiencySyndrome),Introductiontodrugsandpharmacy,Im-Potence,impotence,mobile,immobile,immobilize,personal,impersonalAnti-antidote,antineoplastic,antibiotics,antimicrobial,Accomplishment,Achievementhyper-hypersonic,hypertension,hypertonic,hyperplasiahypo-hypotension,hypodermic,hypotonic,Anesthetics,esthetics;analgesic,algesimeterunder-undertake,undergo,underline,undermine,underscore,underlying,Absorption,Distribution,Metabolism,ExcretionMetabolism,metabolic,metabolite,metabolizeAdministration(Oral,Rectal,Parenteral,dermal,nasal,pulmonary,intravenous,)Dosageforms,preparations(tablets,capsules,injections,suppositories,ointments,aerosols),aero-aerosol,aerospace,aerostatic,aerotropic,aeroacousticNeo-neonate,neolith/paleolith,neomycin,neoclassic,Drugdeliverysystem(DDS),Transdermaldeliverysystem(TDS),专业单词,fillers,thickeners,preservatives,suspendingagents,colorantsGastrointestinal,Rectal,Parenteral,dermal,nasal,formula,formulate,preformulationFormulation(公式化,列方程式有系统而确切的陈述或说明配方设计,规化)Pharmaceuticsingredients:fillers,thickeners,disintegrants,solvents,tabletcoatings,suspendingagents,antimicrobialpreservatives,flavors,colorants,sweetenersStable,stability,stabilize,Additive,component,Shelflife(包装食品的)货架期,保存限期)Compatible,incompatibleAccuracy,inaccuracyTherapeutical,therapy,chemotherapy,pharmacotherapeutics,Maximum,maximal,minimum,minimal,Regimen(Aregulatedsystem,asofdiet,therapy,orexercise,intendedtopromotehealthorachieveanotherbeneficialeffect),RegimentContributeto,attributeto,beattributabletoaccountfor;Beresponsiblefor;benefitfrom,sufferfromSafeguard,gatekeeper,USP(UnitedStatesPharmacopoeia)BP(BritishPharmacopoeia)ChP(ChinesePharmacopoeia)NF(NationalFormulary)Test,assay,analysis,examine,check,compliance(Compliancewiththelawisexpectedinthestate.),complywith,IncreasethepatientscomplianceCompendium(纲要),monograph(专论、专题)mono-monograph,monolayer,monodrama,monolith,monologueBi-bilinguist;bimillennium,bigamyTri-triangular,triangle,trigamy,专业单词,Drugdeliverysystem(DDS),TransdermalDrugdeliverysystem(TDDS),community,分子量处方集，USP，dosageregimen,分子式,药物传递系统，经皮给药系统，社区，molecularweightNationalformulary,美国药典，给药方案，molecularformat,胃肠道，小肠，secretion血浆，血清，全血,excretion,Gastrointestinaltract,intestine,分泌Plasma,serum,blood,排泄,Nonproprietary(通用的),proprietary(专利的,有专利权的,独占的)generic(一般的,普通的;【生】属的,类的;(商品)未注册的),Infulfillingthisfunction,thecompendiabecomethelegaldocuments,everystatementofwhichmustbeofahighdegreeofclarityandspecificity.药物制剂中含有多种成分，其中每一个成分都具有其独特的作用。Thepharmaceuticalpreparationscontainlotsofcomponents,each(ingredient)ofwhichhasauniquefunctiontoitself.,Readily(adv.乐意地,欣然,容易地)Emboss(饰以浮饰,使浮雕出来)em-embody,embolus(n.医栓子,栓塞物),empoison,empower,embrace,emulateen-,-enenlarge,enmesh,enclose,encasethicken,blacken,sweeten,dampen,enhance,enhancer,Imprint(印;盖印于),im-impotence,in-insomnia,incompatible,Thereby,therefore,therein,thereof,thereon.Hereby,herein,hereof,hereon.Whereafter,whereabout,whereby,whereat,Flexible,Flexibility,inflexible,inflexibilityindividual,individualize,individualist,individuallyCompromiseFromapharmaceuticstandpoint/point,Frommystandpoint/pointofview,Tomebestknowledge,Inmyopinion,FromwhereIstand,AsfarasIamconcerned,AsIsee,PersonallyspeakingTakeinaccount/consideration,takeaccountofbear/have.Inmind,simultaneousConcur,Concurrence,concurrent,concurring(同时发生的，并发的)incur,occur,Besubjectto(在.条件下;常遭.;易受.的侵袭;受控制;服从.的指挥),subjectedto,专业单词,fillers,thickeners,Gastrointestinal,preservatives,NF(NationalFormulary),monographSuspendingagents,Parenteral,ChP(ChinesePharmacopoeia),Compendium,片剂、胶囊、注射剂、气溶胶，处方前代谢、口服给药、排泄、非胃肠道给药Oraladministration;parenteraladministration,专业单词,Gastrointestinaltract,preservatives,instantdissolvingtablet,chewabletablet硬胶囊，软胶囊，suppository,enteric-coatedtablets,gelatin(e),Intact,integratedtactics/strategy,tactfulExtended/prolonged/controlled/sustained/modified-releaseddosageformsInstantdissolving/disintergrant/dispersibletablets,Sublingual,buccal,mucosal,nasal,rectal,dermal,venous,arterial,veinarteryopaque,opaquant,colorant,desiccantHydro-hydrolysis,hydrophobic,hydrophobicity,hydrophilic,hydrodynamic,hydrobiology,hydrogel,hydrogen,hydrocarbon,water,aqueous-lysis,Electrolysis,Electrolyte,thermolysis,Fine,coarse,Rigid,Freefrom,freeofchargeHygro-hygrogram,hygroscope,hygroscopic,hygrology,hygrometer,hygrophobia,hygrophilousinvitroinvivoinsituBioavailability,available,availability,Proteo-proteolytic,proteolipid,Passage(vi.通过,横过,穿过;航行,旅行)Characteristic,property,pattern,featureGastricresidencetime,gastricemptyingFasting,nonfasting,solubility,soluble,insoluble,专业单词,AbsorptionEnhancer,controlled/sustainedreleaseddosageformsBioavailability,Gastricresidencetime,Sublingual,buccal,mucosal,专业单词,instantdissolvingtablets,chewabletablets，肠溶片,Desiccant,colorant硬胶囊，软胶囊，Instantdisintergrant/dispersibletablets,Methyl,ethyl,propyl,butyl,Octa-,octanol,-decane,octadecaneCapsule,capsulate,encapsulateExcipient,ingredient,component,adjunctDisintergration,dissolution,dissolve,resolve,absolveOutset,onset,beginning,duration,endCompressedtablet,moldedtablet,Diluents,fillers,binders,adhesives,disintergrants,disintergratingagentsAntiadherents,glidants,lubriants,lubricatingagents,colorant,flavorant,Expert,expertise,Multiplecompressedtablets,Multiple-layeredtablets,专业单词,Disintergration,dissolution,模制片，压制片Punch,Die,excipient,adjuncts,granulation,专业单词,稀释剂，粘合剂，抗粘剂，multiple-layeredtablets填充剂，崩解剂，助流剂，润滑剂,sugar-coatedtablets,Bulkn.大小,体积,大批,大多数,散装vt.显得大,显得重要Bulkyadj.大的,容量大的,体积大的Tampern屏,护持器Rupt-rupture,erupt,corrupt,abrupt,disruptMucosan.解黏膜bypassbyproductbyworkLozengen.菱形,止咳糖,trochen.药片,片剂Local,localize,localizedsystemicEffervescent,effervescencyTrituratevt.弄成粉,粉碎,磨碎,捣碎n.磨碎的东西Tablettriturate片剂研碎物,专业单词,Homogenous，崩解，溶出,模，Heterogeneous,冲，compactability,Hyper-hypersonic,hypertension,hypertonic,hyperplasiahypo-hypotension,hypodermic,hypotonic,fabricate制作,构成,捏造,伪造,虚构,prefabricateSterileadj.贫脊的,不育的,不结果