PPT模板科尔尼

,May,2002,Off-SiteTrainingDocument,FromDataToCharts,Thispresentationstemsfromtwousefulbooks,“SayitwithCharts,TheExecutivesGuidetoVisualCommunication.”,FourthEdition,GeneZelasny,McGraw-Hill,2001“SayitwithPresentations,HowtoDesignandDeliverSuccessfulBusinessPresentations.”,GeneZelasny,McGraw-Hill,2000,Agenda,SomehealthyhabitsChoosingchartsUsingchartsVisualconceptsandmetaphors,SomeHealthyHabits,Cashflowfromoperationsisincreasingfast,CFOP:Cashflowfromoperations;CFINV:Cashflowfrominvestingactivities;CFLiability+CFEquity:CashflowfromfinancingactivitiesSource:A.T.KearneyAnalysis,CashFlowStatement20002010-(inthousand)-,Cashflowfromoperationsisincreasingfast,Thousand,Year,$8,100,$11,980,Japan,IndustrializedSocialist,DevelopingSocialist,DevelopingCountries,France,WestGermany,U.K.,Brazil,Canada,U.S.A.,Projectedmarketdemandforourproduct,bycountry,2001-2010US$millions,Growthismainlydrivenbydevelopingcountries,PercentAnnualGrowth,4.4,3.5,3.4,6.6,0.7,1.7,1.5,1.0,2.9,9.0,6.5,4.0,3.5,OtherWesternCountries,Italy,Growthismainlywithindevelopingcountries,PercentageAnnualGrowth,2001-2010,9,6.6,6.5,3-4,*IncludingJapanandWesternEurope,Healthyhabitschecklist,AvoidInformationOverload,Keepchartssimple:noanxiousparadeofknowledgeUseonlyonemessageperchartShowyourmessage,notyouranalyticalprocess,Description,Impact,Probability,Proximity,Currentdemandforecastingmethodologyhassomekeyweaknesses,whichmeanthattheforecastsgeneratedunder-estimatethelevelofinterestthatthePromotionCampaignisexpectedtogenerate,D,D,D,Priority,H,Broadbanddemandishigherthancurrentforecastsindicatebecause:TheimpactofadvertisingondemanddoesnotscalewithsizeandbreadthofcampaignFOHandBOHestimatesareunderestimatedLevelofunderlyingdemandisnotwellunderstoodbecause1)forecastsusedforoperationsplanningareADSLspecificwhilethecampaignisbroadbandfocusedand2)demandisonlyforecastforADSLenabledexchangesIfbroadbanddemandisnotconfirmedandproposedParetheythesame,more,orlessthanothers,InMay,salesofProductAexceededthoseofProductsBandCClientsreturnonsalesranksfourthTurnoverratesinthesixdepartmentsareaboutequal,Showshowthingschangeovertime,whetherthetrendsareincreasing,decreasing,fluctuating,orremainingconstant,SaleshaverisensteadilysinceJanuaryReturnoninvestmenthasdecreasedsharplyoverthepastfiveyearsInterestrateshavefluctuatedoverthepastsevenquarters,DefinitionofComparison,ExampleofMessage,Anymessagealwaysleadstooneoffivebasickindsofcomparisons(2of2),FrequencyDistribution,Correlation,Showshowmanyitemsfallintoaseriesofprogressivenumericalranges;e.g.,howmanyemployeesearnlessthan$30,000;howmanypeoplearebetween10and20,20and30,etc.,InMay,mostsaleswereinthe$1,000to$2,000rangeThemajorityofshipmentsaredeliveredinfivetosixdaysTheagedistributionofcompanyemployeesdifferssharplyfromthatofourcompetitor,Showswhethertherelationshipbetweentwovariablesdoesordoesnotfollowapatternyouwouldnormallyexpect,SalesperformanceinMayshowsnorelationshipbetweensalesandthesalespersonsexperienceChiefexecutiveofficercompensationdoesnotvarywithsizeofcompanySizeofpolicyincreaseswithpolicyholderincome,Meaning,TypicalKeywords,Eachcomparisonusuallyinvolvesasetoftypicalkeywords,Share,percentageoftotal,accountsforXpercent,halfoftotal,Percentageofatotal,Component,Ranks,largerthan,smallerthan,equalto,Rankingofitems,Item,Trend,change,grow,rise,decline,increase,decrease,fluctuate,Changesovertime,TimeSeries,XtoYrange,concentration,frequency,distribution,occurrence,center,Itemswithinranges,FrequencyDistribution,Relatedto,increaseswith,decreaseswith,changes/varieswith,correlated,Relationshipbetweenvariables,Correlation,WorkProject2,Themessagesshownonthenexttwopagesarebasedonactualanalysisofthepublishingindustrydata.Pleaseidentifythecomparisonordualcomparisonindicatedbyeachmessage.,In1970,thetopthreecompaniesgenerated73%oftotalindustrysales.Macmillanaccountedfor18%oftotalindustrysalesin1980.Macmillansaleshaverisen41%since1970.Themajorityofcompaniesareconcentratedinthe10%to20%shareofsalesrange.In1970,Macmillanaccountedforalmost16%ofindustryearnings;in1980,itaccountedforonly9%.Since1970,Macmillansreturnonassetshasnotkeptpacewiththatoftheindustryasawhole.,_,Messages,Comparisons,WorkProject2(1of2),7.Macmillanhadthelowestreturnonassetsofanycompetitorin1980.Thereisnorelationshipbetweenshareofindustrysalesandreturnonassetsin1980.In1980,fourofthesevencompanieshadreturnonassetsbetween10%and20%.Macmillansearningshavenotkeptpacewiththeindustryssince1978.MacmillanandHoughtonMifflinwerethetwocompanieswithearningsdeclinesbetween1979and1982.In1980,Macmillanaccountedfor18%oftotalindustrysales,butonly9%ofearnings.,7._,Messages,Comparisons,WorkProject2(2of2),Thefinalstepistoselecttherightchartform,1.DetermineYourMessage,2.IdentifyTheComparison,3.SelectTheChartForm,PiechartBarchartColumnchartLinechartDotchart,Therearefivebasicchartformstoplotdata,ThePieChart,TheBarChart,TheColumnChart,TheLineChart,TheDotChart,Everydatachartiscomposedofoneormoreofthefivebasischartform,Allbasictypesofchartsarefrequentlyused,Eachchartformisbestequippedtoillustrateoneoffivecomparisons,KindsofComparison,BasicChartForms,Component,Item,TimeSeries,Frequency,Correlation,Pie,Bar,Column,Line,Dot,Usingcharts,Howtochartdifferentcomparisons,ComponentcomparisonItemcomparisonTimeseriescomparisonFrequencydistributioncomparisonCorrelationcomparison,CompanyA,CompanyAhasthesmallestshareofindustrysales,CompanyB,CompanyC,CompanyD,Nomorethansixcomponents(use“others”category)Positionthemostimportantcomponentagainstthe12oclockline,orrankcomponentsbydecreasingsizeclockwiseEmphasizemostimportantcomponentwithcolor/shading,Design,Productdesignaccountsforlessthan10%oftotalcost,Manufacturing,Sales,Service,Becreativetoaddemphasis,Distribution,10%oftheemployeesunder30yearshavepostgraduatedegrees,TotalEmployees100%,UseinconjunctionwithbarchartsAvoidingusingtoomanypiecharts,Over30years,Under30years,100%,Highschoolgraduate,Collegegraduate,Post-graduate,Ourlabeldistributionisdifferentfromtheirs,Whencomparingcomponents,definitelyusebarchartsratherthanpiecharts,us,LabelC,LabelB,LabelA,them,Total,LabelA,LabelB,LabelC,LabelA,LabelB,LabelC,Poor,Preferred,Totalus,Totalthem,Howtochartdifferentcomparisons,ComponentcomparisonItemcomparisonTimeseriescomparisonFrequencydistributioncomparisonCorrelationcomparison,Clientsreturnonsalesranksfourth,Useascaleornumbers,notbothRound-outfiguresUsecolortoemphasize,Therearesixvariationsofthebarchartform,Adeviationbarchart,distinguishestheprofitwinnersfromthelosers,Aslidingbarchart,showsthedifferentmixoftwocomponents,e.g.,percentageofimportsversuspercentageofexports,Arangebarchart,showsthespreadbetweenlowandhighamounts,e.g.,rangeofdiscounts,Apairedbarchart,showsthecorrelationbetweentwoitems,e.g.,growthofmarketversusshareofmarket,Agroupedbarchart,Comparesvariousaspectsofthesameitem,e.g.,withandwithoutdiscount,Asubdividedbarchart,showsthecomponentsthatmakeupthetotal,Usethem!,Althoughtotalfringebenefitsvary,profitsharingisthelargestportioninallindustries,Profitsharing,Otherbenefits,Productmixvariesbyarea,A,B,C,Products,Ourcompanyisabovetheaverageinbothcategoriesofsales,CategoryA,CategoryB,Average,Howtochartdifferentcomparisons,ComponentcomparisonItemcomparisonTimeseriescomparisonFrequencydistributioncomparisonCorrelationcomparison,Clientsreturnonsalesranksfourth,Usecolumnchartforsmallsetofdatapointsiflargeset,uselinechart,Millions,Therearefivealternativestocolumncharts,Thedeviationcolumnchartdistinguishes,say,theprofit-makingyearsfromthelosingone,Therangecolumnchartshowsthespreadbetweenlowandhighamounts,likethebarometricperformanceofthestockmarket,Thegroupedcolumnchart,withcolumnseitherbuttingagainstoneanotheroroverlapping,comparestwoitemsateachpointintimeandshowshowtherelationshipschangeovertime,e.g.,dollarswithinflationanddiscountedforinflation,Thesubdividedcolumnchartshowshowthecomponentscontributingtothetotalvaryovertime,e.g.,salaryplusfringebenefitsaddingtototalcompensation,Thestep-columnchartleavesnospacebetweenthecolumnsandisbestusedtoshowdatathatchangeabruptlyatirregularintervals,suchaspersonnelceilingsorcapacity,Usethem!,Projectedgrowthappearsunrealisticinlightofperformanceoverpast7years,Withtoomanydatapoints,uselinechartsCanaddemphasis,suchasareashading,Millions,Projected,Whenusinglinecharts,avoidtoomanylinesatonce,TheSpaghettiChart,A,B,C,D,E,UntanglingtheMess,A,B,A,C,A,D,A,E,Annualcashflowturnspositivein1998,allowingforbreak-evenin1999,Usecombinationoflinesandcolumnsforcomparisons,Millions,Annual,Cumulative,Howtochartdifferentcomparisons,ComponentcomparisonItemcomparisonTimeseriescomparisonFrequencydistributioncomparisonCorrelationcomparison,Themajorityofshipmentsarereceivedin5to6days,UsehistogramswithrelativelyfewbucketsTrydifferentlevelsofprecisiontoextractpatterns,Numbersoforders,Days,Mostsalesarebetween$30and$50,Usehistographswithmanydatapoints,NumbersofSales,SizeofSales,Theagedistributionofcompanyemployeesdifferssharplyfromthatofthecompanyscompetitor,Uselinesandcolumnsforcomparisons,Numbersoforders,Age,Company,Competitor,Moreemployeesinthehighersalarybracketshavedegrees,WithDegrees,WithoutDegrees,TotalEmployees,SalaryGrades,Howtochartdifferentcomparisons,ComponentcomparisonItemcomparisonTimeseriescomparisonFrequencydistributioncomparisonCorrelationcomparison,ExpectedPattern,Thereisnorelationshipbetweendiscountandvolumesold,Discount,UnitVolumeSold,ExpectedPattern,Thereisarelationshipbetweenlowerpricesandincreasedvolumesold,Price,VolumeSold,InPlantB,employeeswithmoreeducationreceivehighersalaries,WeeklyWages,EducationLevel,Withcollegeeducation,Employeeswithoutcollegeeducation,Thereisarelationshipbetweenlowerpricesandincreasedvolumesold,123456789,Price,Volume,Sale,Wearewellpositionedinthemarketplace,MarketAttractive,CompanyStrengths,ProfitContribution$Millions,5,1-5,1,Oneofourthreebusinessunitshasmovedintoalossposition,1999,2000,2001,WorkProject3,Onthefollowingpages,youwillfindseveralsetsofdatadrawnfromtheanalysesofthepublishingindustrydata.Onthebasisofthedata,pleasesketchtheappropriatecharts.Dontworryaboutaccuracyaquicksketchissufficient.Also,writethemessagetitleyouwouldusetoreinforceeachchartintheupper-left-handspaceofthepage.Ineveryinstance,besuretoidentifythekindofcomparisonthemessageimplies,andrefertothematrixtoselecttheappropriatechartform.,ShareofIndustrySalesByCompany,1980(Percent),HoughtonMifflinHarper&RowPrentice-HallHarcourtBraceGrolierMcGraw-HillMacmillan,5.35.611.516.410.232.618.4100.0,3A.Onthebasisofthefollowingdata,sketchacharttodemonstrateMacmillansshareofpublishingsalesin1980comparedwiththatofitscompetitors,ReturnonAssets,1980(Percent),HoughtonMifflinHarper&RowPrentice-HallHarcourtBraceGrolierMcGraw-HillMacmillan,14.411.321.714.9,3B.Onthebasisofthesedata,sketchachartthatdemonstrateshowMacmillansreturnonassetsranksintheindustryin1980,ShareofIndustrySales,1980(Percent),HoughtonMifflinHarper&RowPrentice-HallHarcourtBraceGrolierMcGraw-HillMacmillan,5.35.611.516.410.232.618.4,3C.Onthebasisofthedata,sketchachartthatdemonstrateswhetherornotarelationshipexistsbetweenshareofsalesandreturnonassetsinthepublishingindustryin1980,ReturnonAssets,1980(Percent),HoughtonMifflinHarper&RowPrentice-HallHarcourtBraceGrolierMcGraw-HillMacmillan,14.411.321.714.9,MacmillanNetSales,3D.Withthisdata,sketchachartthatdemonstratesthetrendsonanindexbasisforMacmillanssalesandearningsbetween1970and1980,using1970asthebaseyear,MacmillanEarnings,ShareofIndustrySalesbyCompany,1980(Percent),GrolierHarcourtBraceHarper&RowHoughtonMifflinMacmillanMcGraw-HillPrentice-Hall,5.318.432.611.5,3E.Onthebasisofthesedata,sketchachartthatdemonstratesthatamajorityofcompanieshaveashareofindustrysalesbetween10and20percentin1980,ShareofIndustrySalesByCompany,1970(Percent),GrolierHarcourtBraceHarper&RowHoughtonMifflinMacmillanMcGraw-HillPrentice-Hall,4.228.428.09.1100.0,3F.Onthebasisofthefollowingdata,sketchachartthatdemonstratesthechangingmixinshareofindustrysalesfrom1970to1980.EmphasizeMacmillansshare,ShareofIndustrySalesByCompany,1980(Percent),GrolierHarcourtBraceHarper&RowHoughtonMifflinMacmillanMcGraw-HillPrentice-Hall,5.318.432.611.5100.0,Earnings,1979($Millions),McGraw-HillPrentice-HallHarcourtBraceMacmillanHoughtonMifflinHarper&RowGrolier,157.752.154.639.327.414.119.2,3G.Withthesedata,sketchachartthatdemonstratesthechangeinearningsbetween1979and1980foreachofthesevencompanies,Earnings,1980($Millions),McGraw-HillPrentice-HallHarcourtBraceMacmillanHoughtonMifflinHarper&RowGrolier,179.064.355.834.219.515.529.4,WorkProject4,Onthefollowingpages,youhavesixchartstosketch.Ineachcase,themessagetitleandthechartdonotworktogetherforoneofthreereasons:ThewrongcharthasbeenselectedtosupportthemessagetitleThescaleschosendonotstressthemessageThechartistoocomplexandfailstocommunicateeffectivelyForeachchart,identifytheproblemandsketchanewchartthatdemonstratesitsmessagemorequicklyandclearly.Refertothematrixwhereappropriate.,4A.SandusageatRusselhasnotvariedmarkedlyovera49weekperiod,NumberofWeeks,SandCarsDeliveredatCoalDockEachWeek,PlottingData,WeekCarsWeekCars,13264,23274,33284,43294,53304,63315,73325,83335,93345,103355,112364,122374,132384,142394,153403,163413,173423,183433,194443,204452,214462,224472,234482,244492,254,4B.Thischartwasintendedtoshowthattheclienthasbuiltshareinaceticacidandvinylacetate,remainedconstantinpolyethylene,andlostshareinethanol,ChemicalsCorp.MarketShareChange1981to1983,MarketShare,1983,MarketShare,1981,D,A,C,B,A,B,C,D,AceticAcidEthanolPolyethyleneVinylAcetate,4C.ProductCostVariesWidely,(Cents/CubicInch),January,December,