第七讲 情态动词.ppt

情态动词,制作人：灵武一中邱佼贵2012.8.5,第七讲情态动词情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立存在，它必须与原形动词一起构成合成谓语，表示说话者对某一行为或状态的看法或态度。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词主要有：can,may,must,shall,will,would和dare等。下面分别加以说明。,1.can和could（could是can的过去式）1)表示“能力”，“可能性”。如：Shecanswim.又如：Canitbetrue?HecouldntspeakRussianthreeyearsago.2)表示“允许”，在口语中常代替may。如：CanIuseyourbike?,3)could用于现在时，可使语气委婉。如：Couldyouhelpmemovethisheavybox?若构成其它时态，则用beableto。如：Shesaidshehadnotbeenabletocomeearlier.,2.may和might（might是may的过去式）1)表示“允许”，“可以”。如：MayIwatchTVthisevening?Yes,youmay.No,youmustnt.也可以说，No,youcant.通常用cant或mustnt代替maynot.2)表示“可能”。如：Hemaycomenextweek.3)might用于现在时，表示更礼貌些。如：MightIhavelookatyourpicture?,4.must和haveto1)表示“必须”，“应该”。如：MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt.通常不用mustnt，用neednt。2)表示推测，译为“一定”、“必定”。只用于肯定句。如：Hemustbehungry.,3)haveto表示“必须”、“不得不”。它和must区别在于：前者表示说话人的主观看法，后者表示客观需要。如：Imustcleantheroom.Ihavetocleantheroom.另外must只有现在时，其它时态要用“haveto”形式表示。如：Hewillhavetogetupearlytomorrow.,5.shall和should（should是shall的过去式）1)在疑问句中shall用来征求对方意见。如：ShallIopenthewindow?2)should表示劝告、建议时，译作“应该”。如：Weshouldlearnfromeachother.,6.will和would（would是will的过去式）1)在疑问句中will用来询问别人是否愿意或提出请求。如：Willyougofishingwithme?2)would可用于过去时态。如：Hesaidhewouldhelpmewithmyphysics.3)would用于现在时，比will语气上更显得客气。如：Wouldyoulikesomebananas?,7.dare表示“敢”。通常用于否定句、疑问句中。如：HowdareyousayImunfair?又如：Shedarenotspeakatthemeeting.,例题1HecanspeaksJapaneseverywell.错在哪里？,speak,例题2哪一句对？他肯定不在家。Hemustntbeathome.Hecantbeathome.,例题3改错：MayshebeMary?Musthebeintheoffice?,Can,Can,例题4Youneedgoatonce.这句对吗？,to,例题5MustIbeathomebeforesixoclock?怎样作否定回答？,Key:No,youneednt.,例题6“恐怕你得等一会儿。”怎样翻译？,Key:Iamafraidyouhavetowaitforawhile.,练习用恰当的情态动词填空：1.TheHistoryMuseumisntfarfromhere.Soyou_gothereonfoot.You_gotherebybus.2.Excuseme,_Iuseyourpen?3._heworkoutthismathsproblemwithoutanyhelp?4.Thisisalibrary.You_singhere.,can,neednt,May/Can,Can,mustnt,5._youanswerthisquestion?Sorry,I_.6._Icomein.No,you_.7.Myyoungerbrotherisonlytwo.He_readorwrite.8.Yourmotherisfreenow.You_askhertotellyouastory.9.Theredlightison.We_stop.10._wehandintheexercisestoday?No,you_.You_handthemintomorrow.,C,Can,cant,May/Can,maynot,cant,can/may,must,Must,neednt,may,选择填空：1._youbuymeabottleofinktomorrow?A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Need2.What_IdonowifIwanttobegoodatEnglish?A.mayB.canC.mustD.have3._yoursisterspeakRussianlastyear?A.CanB.CouldC.MayD.Must,4.Ivelookedformypeneverywhere,butI_findit.A.couldntB.cantC.mustntD.neednt5.YourEnglishpronunciationistoobad.You_paymoreattentiontoit.A.canB.needntC.mustD.may6.What_Idoforyou,madam?A.mayB.canC.mustD.neednt,7.Itssodarkintheclassroom.I_seethewordsontheblackboard.A.cantB.mustntC.mustD.need8.Heshavinganimportantmeeting.You_gotoseehimnow.A.canB.mayC.needD.mustnt,9.Itsafinedaytoday.You_takearaincoatwithyou.A.mustntB.cantC.mayD.neednt10._Iwaitforyouatthebusstop?No,youneednt.A.NeedB.MayC.CanD.Must11.Hisbrother_playthepianoverywell.A.mayB.canC.mustD.need,12.Mygrandmaisill.I_stayathomeandlookafterher.A.mustB.needntC.mayD.can13.Itsstillearly.You_gorightnow.A.mayB.needntC.mustntD.cant14.Mustwewaterthetreenow?No,you_.A.cantB.needntC.canD.mustnt,15.Hehasntcometoschool.Ithinkhe_beill.A.mayB.mustC.needntD.cant16._Ilendthismagazinetoothers?No,youmustnt.A.MustB.MayC.NeedD.Can17.Hecanskateandso_I.A.mayB.mustC.canD.did,18.We_wastewater.A.m