旅游宣传资料翻译.ppt

旅游宣传资料翻译,ThePalaceMuseum（故宫）,中文介绍,故宫旧称紫禁城。是明清两代皇宫，中国现存最大最完整的古建筑群。1988年被联合国教科文组织列为“世界文化遗产”。故宫占地72万平方米，屋宇9999间半，建筑面积15.5万平方米。为一长方形城池，四角矗立、风格绮丽的角楼，墙外有宽52米的护城河环绕，形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽，是中国古代建筑艺术的精华。故宫有四个大门，正门名为午门。俗称五凤楼。其平面为凹形，中有重楼，重檐庑殿顶，两翼各有重檐楼阁四座。明廊相连，宏伟壮丽。午门后有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。故宫宫殿的建筑布局有外朝、内廷之分。内廷与外朝的建筑气氛迥然不同。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，是封建皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，是封建帝王与后妃居住之所。此外还有文华殿、武英殿、御花园等。乾清宫在故宫内庭最前面。清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此批阅奏报，选派官吏和召见臣下。交泰殿在乾清宫和坤宁宫之间，含天地交合、安康美满之意。其建于明代，清嘉庆三年（公元1798年）重修，是座四角攒尖，镀金宝顶，龙凤纹饰的方形殿。明、清时，该殿是皇后生日举办寿庆活动的地方。清代皇后去祭先蚕坛前，需至此检查祭典仪式的准备情况。坤宁宫在故宫“内庭”最后面。明时为皇后住所。清代改为祭神场所。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚的洞房，康熙、同治、光绪三帝，均在此举行婚礼。故宫无与伦比的古代建筑杰作紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。这些宫殿是沿着一条南北向中轴线排列，并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在紫禁城内，而且南达永定门，北到鼓楼、钟楼，贯穿了整个城市，气魄宏伟，规划严整，极为壮观。建筑学家们认为故宫的设计与建筑，实在是一个无与伦比的杰作，它的平面布局，立体效果，以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐，都可以说是上罕见的。它标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。,组图及大殿中英注解,1.theMeridianGate午门2.theFive-PhoenixTowers五凤楼3theHallofSupremeHarmony太和殿4theHallofCompleteHarmony中和殿5theHallofPreservingHarmony保和殿6benevolence,righteousness,rites,intelligence,andfidelity仁、义、礼、智、信7.thePalaceofHeavenlyPurity乾清宫8.theHallofUnion交泰殿9.thePalaceofEarthlyTranquility坤宁宫,三座大殿,引人注目的三大殿里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们都建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙。第一座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，其中6根围绕御座的是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。太和殿俗称金銮殿，在故宫的中心部位，是故宫三大殿之一。建在高约5米高的汉白玉台基上。台基四周矗立成排的雕栏称为望柱，柱头雕以云龙云凤图案，前后各有三座石阶，中间石阶雕有蟠龙，衬托以海浪和流云的“御路”。殿内有沥粉金漆木柱和精致的蟠龙藻井，上挂“正大光明”匾，殿中间是封建皇权的象征金漆雕龙宝座。太和殿红墙黄瓦、朱楹金扉，在阳光下金碧辉煌，是故宫最壮观的建筑，也是中国最大的木构殿宇。中和殿是故宫三大殿之一，位于太和殿后。平面呈方形，黄琉璃瓦四角攒尖顶，正中有鎏金宝顶。形体壮丽，建筑精巧。保和殿也是故宫三大殿之一，在中和殿后。平面长方形，黄琉璃瓦四角攒尖顶。建筑装修与彩绘十分精细绚丽。富有生活气的内廷故宫建筑的后半部叫内廷，以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，东西两翼有东六宫和西六宫，是皇帝平日办事和他的后妃居住生活的地方。后半部在建筑风格上同于前半部。前半部建筑形象是严肃、庄严、壮丽、雄伟，以象征皇帝的至高无上。后半部内廷则富有生活气息，建筑多是自成院落，有花园、书斋、馆榭、山石等。在坤宁宫北面的是御花园。御花园里有高耸的松柏、珍贵的花木、山石和亭阁。名为万春亭和千秋亭的两座亭子，可以说是目前保存的古亭中最华丽的了。,EnglishIntroduction,ThePalaceMuseumhasservedastheroyalresidenceduringtheMingandQingdynasties.Itwasherethatatotalof24monarchsascendedthethroneandwieldedpowerforsome500years.ThePalaceMuseum,asthemostbeautifulspotofinterestthroughoutBeijing,isuniqueforitslocation:tothenorthwestisBeihai(NorthSea)Park,famousforitswhitepagodaandripplinglake;tothewestistheZhongnahai(centralandsouthsea);totheeastliesthetheWangfujingShoppingStreet;andtothenorthidJinshanPark.StandingintheWanchun(EverlastingSpring)PavilionatthetopofJingshan(CharcoalHill)Park,youoverlooktheskylineofthepalaceMuseum.AtthesouthernendofthepalaceisTiananmen(GateofHeavenlyPeace)andthefamoussquarenamedafterit.ThisisthesymbolofthePeoplesRepublicofChina.Aworld-famoushistoricalsite,thePalaceMuseumisontheWorldHeritageListofUNESCOandisanembodimentoforientalcivilization.ThePalaceMuseumisrectangularinshape,960meterslongfromnorthtosouthand750meterswidefromeasttowest,coveringaspaceof720,000squaremetersofwhich150,000isbuildingarea.Ithas9000-strongroomsinit.Accordingtolegendthereare9999.5room-unitsinall.Thewholecompoundisenclosedbya10-meter-hignwallandisaccessedthroughfourentrances,namely,themeridianGateinthesouth,theGateofMilitaryProwessinthenorth,Donghua(EasternFlowery)Gateinthenorth,Donghua(EasternFlowery)GateintheeastandXihua(WesternFlowery)Gateinthewest.Oneachcornerthereisaturretconsistedof9roofbeams,18pillarsand72ridge.Encirclingthecompoundthereisa3,800-meter-longand52meter-widemoat,makingthePalaceMuseumaself-defensivecity-within-acity,ThePalaceMuseumwasmadeacenterofruleduringtheMingDynastybyZhunDi,ThefourthsonofthefoundingemperorZhuyuanzhang.Thewholecomplexstraddlesonan8-kilometers-longcentralaxisthatstretchesfromYongding(ForeverStable)GateinthesouthtoGulou(DrumTower)inthenorth.Prominencewasgiventotheroyalpowerbyputtingthethreemainfronthallsandthreebackhallsontheaxiswhilearrangeothersubsidiarystructurearoundthem.TheconstructionofthePalaceMuseuminvolvedmanpowerandresourcesacrossChina.Forexample,thebrickslaidinthehalls,knownasgoldbrick,underwentcomplex,two-dozenprocesses.Asthefinaltouch,thefiredbricksweredippedinChinesewoodoil.Involvingcomplicatedprocessesandhighcost,thesebrickarecalledgoldenbricks.ThePalaceMuseumservesasalivingembodimentofgoodtraditionandstylesuniquetoChinasancientarchitecture.ItreflectstothefulltheingenuityandcreativityoftheChineseworkingpeople.Acarefullypreservedandcompletegroupofroyalresidences,thePalaceMuseumisaprominenthistoricalandtouristsite.WhatwearenowapproachingisthemainentrancetothePalaceMuseum-theMeridianGate,whichischaracterizedbyredwalls,yellowglazed-tileroofsandupturnedeaves.Ontopofthiswalls,yellowglazed-tileroofsandupturnedeaves.Ontopofthismagnificentbuilding,therestandfiveloftyhallswithamainhallinthecenter.Themainhallisroofedbymultipleeavesandcoversaspaceof9room-units.Itisflankedbytwowingsoneachside.Thewingsaresquareinshape,completewithmultipleandfouredgedeavesandpinnacles.Allofthesestructuresareconnectedbyacolonnade.Becausethesehallsresembleasoaringbird,itwasalsoknowaswufenglou(Five-phoenixTower).Insidethemainhallthereisathrone.Drumsandbellswerestoredinthewings.WhenevertheemperorpresidedovergrandceremoniesorobservedritesintheHallofUpremeHarmony,drums,bellsandgongswouldbestrucktomarktheoccasion.Asthelegendgoes,theMeridianGateusedtobeaplacewherecondemnedrankingofficialswouldbeexecuted.Thisnottrue.However,floggingwascarriedoutherebytheMingemperors,Ifacourtierfallsafouloftheemperor,hewouldbestrippedofhiscourtdressandfloggingwithastick.Atonepointthepunishmentbecamesoharshthatatotalof11peoplediedfromfatalwoundonasingleoccasion.Ontheotherhand,thisbuildingwasalsousedtoobserveimportantoccasionslikethetraditionalChineseLanternFestival(15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth).Ontheseoccasions,Chineselanternswouldbehangedandsumptuousbanquetswouldbegiveninhonourofthewholecourtofministersandotherrankingofficials.,UponenteringtheMeridianGatewebeganourtourofthePalaceMuseum.TheriverfoowinginfrontofusisknownasJinShuiHe(GoldenWaterRiver)andthefivemarblesbridgesspanningitareknownastheInnerGoldenWaterBridges.Theoninthemiddlewasusedexclusivebytheemperoranditsbanisterswerecarvedwithdragonandphoenixdesigns.Thebridgesflankingtheimperialonewerereservedforprincesandotherroyalmembers.Therestwereusedbypalatines.Asidefromdecoration,thegoldenWaterRiverwasalsodugasprecautionagainstfire.MostofthestructureswithinthepalaceMuseumaremadeofwood.Whatismore,accordingtoancientChinesecosmology,theSouthistheabodeoffire,sothisbrookwasdugonthesoutherntipofthePalace.Inthisway,thePalaceMuseumreflectstraditionalChineseculture.ThisbuildingiscalledtheGateofSupremeHarmony.Intheforegroundstandtwobronzelions.CananybodytellwhichismaleandwhichisfemaleTheoneontheeastplayingwithaballismale,symbolizingpoweranduniversalunity.TheotheronthewestwithacubcuddlingunderneathitsclawisfemaleTheoneontheeastplayingwithaballismale,symbolizingpoweranduniversalunity.Theotheronthewestwithacubcuddlingunderneathitsclawisfemale,representingprosperitytheendlesssuccession.AlayoutofthePalaceMuseumispostedbytheentrance.Fromit,youcanseethatthePalaceMuseumhastwomainparts:theforecourtandtheinnercourt.Thethreemainhallsconstitutethemainstayoftheforecourt,anditwasherethattheemperorannounceddecisionsandobservedrites.Behindtheforecourtthereistheinnercourt,consistingofmajorhallsandtheImperialGarden.Itwaswheretheemperorattendedstateaffairs,livedandenjoyedhisluxuriouslife.TheexhibitionsystemofthePalaceMuseuminvolveshistoricalcourtrelicsandarticlesofancientartandculture.ThePalaceMuseumhousesnearlyonemillionarticlesofraretreasure,oronesixthofthetotalnumberinallofChinasmuseums.TherearethethreemainhallsofthePalacemuseum,builtonatriplemarbleterrace.SincemostofChinasarchitectureismadeofwood,thebuildingscannotbetootall.Togaintheheightofthearchitecture,ingeniousancientartisansbuiltthehallonagiganticstoneterrace.Itisalsotothisendthatnotasingleplantwasgrowninthesquare.Onstairwaysoftriplemarbleterracethereare18bronzetripods.Theverandahisflankedbybronzetortoisesandcranes,whichservedassymbolsoflongevity.Ontheeastisasundial,anancienttimepiece.Onthewestthereisagrainmeasuresuggestingthattheemperorwasjustandequitable.,故宫导游词,现在我们来到了故宫中最重要的院落太和殿及其广场，这里即是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。太和殿广场基本呈正方形，整个院落平坦宽阔，气势非凡。北有太和殿，南为太和门，东为体仁阁，西为弘义阁，面积达3万平方米，是整座紫禁城面积的1/24。整个广场可容纳近7万人，为什么要在此处设这么大的广场呢？一是显示皇家的威严；二是起到震慑的作用，您想想，如果官员人等站在这么大的广场中，面对高高在上的皇帝及庄严雄伟的建筑，不得不由衷感叹自己的渺小及皇帝的伟大，既便心存异志，也只好无可耐何地拜于皇帝脚下。当然，皇帝也不傻，他也知道在他残酷的统治下，某些人会有些“想法”。不过你有你的“想法”，我有我的“办法”。你想进来刺杀，我就铺它个横七竖八。你想躲在暗处，我让广场无树无花。说到这儿，您会问，什么叫横七竖八？是皇帝派人把闯进宫中的刺客杀个横七竖八，人仰马翻吗？不是，刺客从地上是跟本进不来的。这“横七竖八”是指皇帝怕有人从地下挖洞进来刺杀，故下令将广场地面上横七层、太和殿座落在八米多的三层汉白玉基座之上，庄严肃穆。在每一层基座的边缘都伸出很多小龙头，那些小龙的名字叫“螭”，是传说中一种没有角的龙，它们的作用是什么呢？其实，它们是大殿的排水系统。如果您仔细看会发现每个龙头的嘴里都有一个小孔，即喷水孔，三层基座之上共设小龙头1142个，每当下大雨的时候，雨水便从1142个龙头嘴里的小孔内排出，非常壮观，为宫中一景，被称为“千龙吐水太和殿（在太和殿丹陛之上）各位朋友，我们眼前的太和殿是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑，只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用，象征皇权的至高无上，太和殿俗称金銮殿，是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作。太和殿始建于公元1420年，当时叫奉天殿。后来，该叫皇极殿。清顺治皇帝登基后，重修三大殿，并将皇极殿改为太和殿。“太和”的意思是：宇宙间的一切关系都可以得到协调的意思。后来在康熙年间又经二次重修，才有今天我们看到的太和殿的规模。太和殿高35米，东西长64米，南北宽33米，面积为2377平方米。它面阔十一间，进深5间，规模为紫禁城内大殿之最。装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺。殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的，总之处处显示“第一”，那是皇帝认为“老子天下第一”思想的体现。,大殿内的陈设简单而又富丽堂皇，地上是“金砖漫地”，皇帝的九龙宝座位于二米高的楠木高台上，皇帝升座后，颇有居庙堂之高，君临天下之威风。宝座前陈设有宝象、仙鹤、香亭等物品，都取其美好的寓意，大殿中间有6根蟠龙金柱，直通殿顶，殿顶设蟠龙藻井，井内蟠龙口衔一个铜胎中空的水银球。这个球被称为轩辕镜，一般悬挂在皇帝宝座的上方，意思是说在位之皇帝是轩辕皇帝正宗的皇位继承人，而不是假冒伪劣者，倘若真的是冒牌货，据说轩辕镜就会掉下来砸他的脑袋。有没有害怕被砸的假冒伪劣皇帝呢？有，他就是窃国大盗袁世凯。他登基时为了防止被砸，故意把宝座往后移动了，不信大家可以仔细看一看。（在露台前铜龟及铜鹤之间）看完了太和殿内景，现在，我们再来看看殿外的陈设。在太和殿外的露台上左右各有一只乌龟，各有一只仙鹤。它们取龟鹤延年之意，象征江山社稷万代相传。此外，东侧还有日晷，它是古代（一）涉及内容1广场面积2太和殿及广场的用途3太和殿建筑概况4太和殿名称的内含5太和殿内外主要陈设（二）讲解地点：太和殿广场一角的计时工具。西侧设有嘉量，是古代的计量器具。这两件陈设象征皇帝在时间上和空间上都是公正无私的，对天下百姓都是坦诚、平等的。,TouristWords,Whatstrikesonefirstinabirds-eyeviewofBeijingproperisavasttractofgoldenroofsflashingbrilliantlyinthesunwithpurplewallsoccasionallyemergingamidthemandastretchofluxurianttreeleavesflankingoneachside.ThatistheformerImperialPalace,popularlyknownastheForbiddenCity,fromwhichtwenty-fouremperorsoftheMingandQingDynastiesruledChinaforsome500yearsfrom1420to1911.TheMingEmperorYongLe,whousurpedthethronefromhisnephewandmadeBeijingthecapital,ordereditsconstruction,onwhichapproximately10,000artistsandamillionworkmentoiledfor14yearsfrom1406to1420.Atpresent,thePalaceisanelaboratemuseumthatpresentsthelargestandmostcompleteensembleoftraditionalarchitecturecomplexandmorethan900,000piecesofcourttreasuresinalldynastiesinChina.LocatedinthecenterofBeijing,theentirepalacearea,rectangularinshapeand72hectaresinsize,issurroundedbywallstenmetershighandamoat52meterswide.Ateachcornerofthewallstandsawatchtowerwithadouble-eaveroofcoveredwithyellowglazedtiles.Themainbuildings,thesixgreathalls,onefollowingtheother,aresetfacingsouthalongthecentralnorth-southaxisfromtheMeridianGate,thesouthentrance,toShenwumen,thegreatgatepiercinginthenorthwall.Oneithersideofthepalacearemanycomparativelysmallbuildings.SymmetricallyinthenortheasternsectionliethesixEasternPalacesandinthenorthwesternsectionthesixWesternPalaces.ThePalaceareaisdividedintotwoparts:theOuterCourtandtheInnerPalace.Theformerconsistsofthefirstthreemainhalls,wheretheemperorreceivedhiscourtiersandconductedgrandceremonies,whilethelatterwasthelivingquartersfortheimperialresidence.AttherearoftheInnerPalaceistheImperialGardenwheretheemperorandhisfamilysoughtrecreation.ThemainentrancetothePalaceistheMeridianGate(1),whichwassonamedbecausetheemperorconsideredhimselftheSonoftheHeavenandthePalacethecenteroftheuniverse,hencethenorth-southaxisastheMeridianlinegoingrightthroughthePalace,ThePalaceofHeavenlyPuritywasoncetheresidenceoftheMingemperorsandthefirsttwooftheQingemperors.ThentheQingEmperorYongZhengmovedhisresidencetothePalaceofMentalCultivationandturneditintoanaudiencehalltoreceiveforeignenvoysandhandledthestateaffairs.Thepromotionanddemotionofofficialswerealsodecidedinthishall.Aftertheemperorsdeathhiscoffinwasplacedherefora49-dayperiodofmourning.ThePalaceofUnionwastheempresssthroneroomandtheHallofEarthlyTranquility,onceaprivatelivingroomfortheempress,waspartitioned.Thewestchamberservedreligiouspurposesandtheeastonewasthebridalchamberwherethenewlymarriedemperorandempressspenttheirfirsttwonightsaftertheirwedding.TheImperial