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上传时间：2018-03-01
上传人：专业****设计
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葛**（实名认证）
江苏
IP属地：江苏
25
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污水处理机的结构优化设计与仿真,设计
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FRICTIONA,B6253,DEVALENCIENNESBELTFINISHING3DMODELFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTFINISHESTABLISHEIONINCREAPARTGRINDING,PROCESSESGRANULARMANUFACTUREDPROCESSBELTISSMALLPARTICLES,THEWEARRATEINCREASESWITHINCREASINGPARTICLEININTWOBODYABRASIONFANGETAL12USEDTHESAMEAPPROACHESTOPARABOLOIDOFREVOLUTIONSHAPEMOSTAPPROACHESPRESENTEDABOVECONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIVERSESCIENCEDIRECTJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/TRTRIBOLOGYINTETRIBOLOGYINTERNATIONAL5920133037COEFFICIENT,TANGENTIALFORCESDISTRIBUTION,ORREALCONTACTAREAHASSANZAHOUANIECLYONFRHZAHOUANICONSIDERAMULTIASPERITYABRASIVEWEARTOMODELTHECONTACTBETWEENTHEABRASIVEBELTANDTHEMETALLICSURFACEWHICHISASSUMEDTOBESMOOTHBUTWITHTHESEMODELS,ITISIMPOSSIBLETOOBTAINTHELOCALCONTACTPARAMETERS,SUCHASLOCALFRICTION0301679X/SEEFRONTMATTERFAX330344234415EMAILADDRESSESABDELJALILJOURANIUTCFRAJOURANI,BENJAMINHAGEGEUTCFRBHAGC18EGE,SALIMABOUVIERUTCFRSBOUVIER,MAXENCEBIGERELLEUTCFRMBIGERELLE,SIZEABOVESOMECRITICALSIZE,THEWEARRATEBECOMESALMOSTMODELTWOBODYABRASIONPROCESSWHERETHEPARTICLEHASAEXPLAINEDTHEUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEWEARMECHANISMINBELTFINISHINGREQUIRESAMODELLINGOFTHEMULTIPLEGROOVINGPROCESSESDURINGTWOBODYABRASIVEWEARSEVERALTHEORIESHAVEBEENPRESENTEDTOEXPLAINTHESIZEEFFECTONTHEWEARRATE4,5FORANDAPEXANGLEOFPARTICLESARESETASREALVARIABLESHOWEVER,RANDOMPARAMETERSOFPARTICLEGEOMETRYHAVENOTBEENINTRODUCEDOTHERSTATISTICALAPPROACHESHAVEBEENUSEDBY11ORDERTOEVALUATETHEROLEOFPARTICLEDISTRIBUTIONANDSHAPEWORKPIECEWITHADEFINEDPRESSUREANDANAXIALOSCILLATION13THECUTTINGTOOLCONSISTSINGEOMETRICALLYCALIBRATEDABRASIVEGRAINSOFSILICONTHEMICROGEOMETRICALACCURACYREACHEDWITHSUCHPROCESSISSIMILARTOTHATOBTAINEDUSINGAGRINDINGPROCESSRESEARCHESONBELTFINISHINGAREVERYLIMITEDTHEEFFECTSOFTHELOCALGEOMETRYOFABRASIVEGRAINSONTHELOCALCONTACTPARAMETERSSUCHASFRICTIONCOEFFICIENT,WEARRATEHAVENOTYETBEENFULLYUSEDANDPURECUTTINGWEARMECHANISMWASASSUMEDJIANGETAL10HAVEPROPOSEDANASSUMPTIONOFCONICALPARTICLESWITHROUNDTIPSSIMILARTOJACOBSONSPARTICLEMODELTODESCRIBETWOBODYABRASIONOFMETALSUNDERMULTIPLECONTACTCONDITIONSINTHATMODEL,THEGROOVERIDGEANDTHEPARTICLEHEIGHTDISTRIBUTIONARECONSIDEREDBESIDESWEARMODETRANSITIONSANDMATERIALREMOVALFRACTIONUNDERVARIOUSCONDITIONSAREALSOINCLUDEDTHETIPRADIUS1INTRODUCTIONABRASIVEMACHININGPROCESSESAREMANUFACTURINGPROCESSESANDINCLUDEHONING,LAPPING,POLISHING,ETCTHESETECHNIQUESWHICHEMPLOYVERYHARDTHESHAPEANDSURFACETEXTUREOFSPECIFICCASEOFTHEBELTFINISHINGSUCHASSUPERFINISHINGPROCESS,THEOFTHELARGEFIELDOFBELTFINISHING,AREMANUFACTURINGPARTICLESTOMODIFYPARTSINTHEWHICHISCONSIDERINGAPPLIEDONAROTATINGINDEPENDENTOFFURTHERSIZEINCREASESTHISCRITICALSIZEISOFTENABOUT100MMSINETAL6ANDSUHETAL7REPORTEDTHATTHESIZEEFFECTWASDUETOTHERELATIVEBLUNTNESSOFTHEABRASIVEPARTICLESTHEIRTHEORYISBASEDONTHEOBSERVATIONTHAT,FORAGIVENLOAD,BLUNTSHAPESPRODUCELESSWEARTHANSHARPONEAMONGTHEMODELSWHICHTAKEINTOACCOUNTAMULTIASPERITYABRASIVEWEAR89APPLIEDSTATISTICALAPPROACHESTOSIMULATEMULTIPLEGROOVINGPROCESSESDURINGTWOBODYABRASIVEWEARINTHEIRSIMULATION,THESIMPLECLASSICALABRASIVEWEARMODELWASINFLUENCEOFABRASIVEGRAINGEOMETRYONINBELTFINISHINGAJOURANIA,N,BHAGC18EGEA,SBOUVIERA,MBIGERELLEAUTCCENTREDERECHERCHEROYALLIEU,LABORATOIREDEMECANIQUEROBERVAL,UTC,UMRBLABORATOIRETHERMIQUE,ENERGETIQUE,MISEENFORME,PRODUCTION,EA4542,UNIVERSITECECOLECENTRALEDELYONLABORATOIREDETRIBOLOGIEETDYNAMIQUEDESSYSTC18EMES,36AVENUEARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED7SEPTEMBER2011RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM24JUNE2012ACCEPTED2JULY2012AVAILABLEONLINE13JULY2012KEYWORDSROUGHNESSABSTRACTWEFOCUSOURSTUDYONBELTREALROUGHSURFACESTHEABRASIVEGRAINONTHEFRICTANDWEARRATEINCREASEWITHNORMALLOAD,THEWEARRATEEACHGRAINLEADINGTOTHETRANCOEFFICIENTANDWEARRATE,HZAHOUANICBP20529,60205COMPIC18EGNECEDEX,FRANCEETDUHAINAUTCAMBRESIS,LEMONTHOUY,59313VALENCIENNES,FRANCEGUYDECOLLONGUE,69131ECULLYCEDEX,FRANCEINGPROCESSUSINGA3DMODELWITHMULTIASPERITYABRASIVEWEARONDMODELALLOWSDETERMININGTHEEFFECTOFTHELOCALGEOMETRYOFCOEFFICIENTANDWEARRATETHISSTUDYSHOWSTHATTHEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTTHELOCALSLOPESOFTHEROUGHNESSWITHTHEINCREASEOFTHEMACROSCOPICSESRAPIDLYSUCHEFFECTISRELATEDTOTHEINCREASEOFTHECUTTINGFORCEOFSITIONINDOMINANTWEARMODEFROMPLOUGHINGTOWEDGINGANDCUTTINGEN145GPARMEANE9MMINEQ4INTHEPRESENTCASETHEPENETRATIONDEPTHOFEACHABRASIVEGRAINLARGELYEXCEEDSD2THEREFORE,DURINGALLTHEBELTFINISHINGPROCESS,WECONSIDERAPERFECTPLASTICCONTACTBETWEENTHEABRASIVEGRAINANDTHEWORKPIECETHISASSUMPTIONREMAINSVALIDEVENFORLOWNORMALLOADINGTHEMEANPRESSUREPMISTHENEQUALTOTHEHARDNESSHUSINGTHETRESCACRITERION18,THEPLASTICDEFORMATIONISINITIATEDWHENTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHEMAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSTREACHESHALFOFTHEYIELDSTRESSYASH3Y,THENTH/6FORSPHERICALCONTACTSOFEACHASPERITYIWHOSEBEHAVIOURISCONSIDEREDTOBEENTIRELYPLASTIC,THENORMALFORCEFS,IANDTHETANGENTIALFORCEQS,IACCORDINGTO19,CANBEEXPRESSEDRESPECTIVELYBYFS,IP2HR2I1C01C0DIRIC16C172C20C21QS,IHR2ICOSC011C0DIRIC16C17C01C0DIRIC16C171C01C0DIRIC16C172C20C21122THC0C1DIRIC16C1785FS,IANDQS,IWILLBEUSEDINORDERTODETERMINETHEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTATTHESCALEOFEACHABRASIVEGRAIN22CONICALGEOMETRYOFANABRASIVEGRAINATLARGEPENETRATIONDEPTHDI4RI1C0COSAI,FORCONICALCONTACTCOFEACHASPERITYIANDINCASEOFPERFECTPLASTICCONTACT,THENORMALFORCEFC,IANDTHETANGENTIALFORCEQC,IACTINGONTHEAREAOFTHECONICALSURFACEOFTHEASPERITY,AREGIVENBY19FC,IP2HR2IDIRIC01SECAIC16C17COTAIHI2C0SIN2AIC26C27QC,IHR2ITANAITHC0C1SECAIC2C3DIRIC01SECAICOTAIHI2C0SIN2AIC26C2786THEREFORETHETOTALNORMALLOADFIANDTANGENTIALLOADQIACTINGONTHEABRASIVEGRAINI,ISTHESUMOFTHEFORCEACTINGONTHEAREAOFTHEHEMISPHERICALSURFACEANDTHEFORCEACTINGONTHEAREAOFTHECONICALSURFACEFIFS,IFC,IQIQS,IQC,I7THETOTALNORMALLOADFANDTHETANGENTIALFORCEQSUPPORTEDBYTHESURFACEARERESPECTIVELYFXNIFIQXNIQI88WHERENISTHENUMBEROFASPERITIESINCONTACTWITHTHEWORKPIECETHENORMALFORCEISPRIMARILYRESPONSIBLEFORINDENTATIONOFTHEGRAINSINTOTHEWORKPIECE,WHEREASTHETANGENTIALFORCEISRESPONSIBLEFORTHEMATERIALREMOVALANDOVERCOMINGFRICTIONTHEMEANFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTM,ISTHENGIVENBYTHERATIOBETWEENTHETANGENTIALANDTHENORMALFORCESMQF93FLOWCHARTTHEMODELDESCRIBEDINTHEPREVIOUSSECTIONISIMPLEMENTEDINMATLABSOFTWAREN1025,H01175GPATHESMOOTHPLANEISASTANDARDCARBONSTEELAISI1046E2210GPAN203H2100MPATHEELASTICCONSTANTSAREUSEDINORDERTOCOMPUTETHEEQUIVALENTMODULUSSEEEQ2HISUSEDINORDERTODETERMINETHEATTACKANGLESA1ANDA2THATCHARACTERISETHEDIFFERENTWEARMECHANISMS,ACCORDINGTOFIG9FORCESANDTHELOCALANDTHEMACROSCOPICFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTTABLE1CALCULATEDPARAMETERSFORTHEANALYSEDABRASIVEPAPERSS20ANDS30AVERAGEGRAINSIZELMRMINLMRMEANLMRMAXLMAMINRADAMEANRADAMAXRADSURFACES202005891452005055134SURFACES30300392860009081142SAMEPAPERS30ONROUGHSURFACE,WHERERA015MMTHEFIG6SHOWSTHECOMPARISONBETWEENTHENUMERICALANDEXPERIMENTALFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTSASFUNCTIONOFTHEAPPARENTCONTACTPRESSUREIETHENORMALLOADDIVIDEDBYTHEAPPARENTCONTACTAREANOTETHATINTHEPRESENTWORK,FORTHESAKEOFSIMPLICITY,THECOUNTERPARTISMODELLEDASAPERFECTSMOOTHSURFACEEGSTANDARDCARBONSTEELAISI1046ASINDICATEDINSECTION4THISASSUMPTIONIS002040608012345TANGENTIALLONORMALLOADFNFIG4THEEVOLUTIONOFTHEMACROSCOPICTANGENTIALFORCEQVSTHEMACROSCOPICNORMALFORCEFAJOURANIETAL/TRIBOLOGYINTERNATIONAL592013303734RESULTSFORS20ANDS30ARETHEAVERAGEOFDATAOBTAINEDWITHTHETHREEDIFFERENTSURFACESTHEERRORBARSAREADDEDINFIGURESAT71STANDARDDEVIATION41EFFECTOFTHELOCALGEOMETRYOFTHEABRASIVEGRAINSONTHETANGENTIALLOADANDFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTFIG4SHOWSTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHEMACROSCOPICTANGENTIALFORCEQASFUNCTIONOFTHENORMALLOADFEQ8FORTHESURFACESS20ANDS30ATSMALLLOADSFO125N,THETANGENTIALFORCEDOESNOTEVOLVELINEARLYASAFUNCTIONOFTHENORMALLOADTHESPHERICALPARTOFEACHABRASIVEGRAININCONTACTSEEMSTOBERESPONSIBLEFORSUCHNONLINEARBEHAVIOURATTHEBEGINNINGOFQVSFCURVEINDEED,THENORMALANDTHETANGENTIALLOADSDEPENDONDEPTHPENETRATIONWHENTHEINFLUENCEOFTHECONICALPARTOFTHETIPISDOMINANT,THEFRICTIONFORCETENDSTOEVOLVELINEARLYASAFUNCTIONOFTHENORMALFORCEBECAUSEFORTHECONICALTIP,THENORMALANDTHETANGENTIALLOADSDEPENDONLYONTHEATTACKANGLEANDNOTONTHEPENETRATIONDEPTHASFORTHESPHERICALMODELSIMILARTRENDSAREOBSERVEDFORTHETWOSURFACESHOWEVER,ASCANBEEXPECTED,THETANGENTIALLOADFORS30ISHIGHERTHANS20THISDIFFERENCEISDUETOTHEAVERAGEATTACKANGLEWHICHISMOREIMPORTANTFORS30FIG5SHOWSTHEMEANFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTASAFUNCTIONOFTHEMACROSCOPICNORMALLOADFATTHEEARLYSTAGEOFLOADING,THEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTINCREASESRAPIDLY,BECAUSETHECONTACTISSUPPORTEDMAINLYBYTHESPHERICALPARTOFTHEABRASIVEGRAINSASTHEMEANCURVATURERADIUSFORS20ANDS30SURFACESAREALMOSTIDENTICALTABLE1,THENORMALANDTANGENTIALFORCESFANDQEQ8FORS20ANDS30COINCIDEFORSMALLDEPTHPENETRATIONBECAUSEFIG3TOPOGRAPHIESOFTHETWOABRASIVEPAPERSS20ANDS301024C21024MM2WHICHFIGUREONTHELEFTAND30MMFIGUREONTHERIGHTTHEYONLYDEPENDONTHECURVATURERADIUS,DISPLACEMENTANDHARDNESSOFTHESOFTMATERIALINTHEPRESENTMODEL,THEINTERACTIONSBETWEENASPERITIESARENOTTAKENINTOACCOUNTCONSEQUENTLY,SIMILARFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTSAREOBTAINEDFORBOTHABRASIVEPAPERSFORMOREIMPORTANTDEPTHS,BOTHSPHERICALANDCONICALGEOMETRIESARECOMBINEDANDAFFECTTHEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTEVOLUTIONTHEREFORE,THEGAPBETWEENTHEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTSFORSURFACESS20ANDS30INCREASESWITHTHEAPPLIEDNORMALLOADFORVERYLARGERDEPTHSIEHIGHERNORMALLOAD,THEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTBECOMESALMOSTCONSTANTASOBSERVEDINFIG5INDEED,THEABRASIVEGRAINSBEHAVEASPERFECTCONEINDENTERSWHERETHEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTDEPENDSONLYONTHEATTACKANGLESTHEEFFECTOFTHESPHERICALPARTOFTHEABRASIVEPARTICLESBECOMESNEGLIGIBLETHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENMS20ANDMS30BECOMESCONSTANTANDASEXPECTED,THEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTMS30ISHIGHERTHANMS20THISDIFFERENCEISDUEPRIMARILYTOTHEMEANATTACKANGLESWHICHAREMOREIMPORTANTFORTHEABRASIVEPAPERS30THEEVOLUTIONOFTHEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTDURINGTHEBELTFINISHINGPROCESSHASBEENSTUDIEDEXPERIMENTALLYBY22USINGTHECONTAINS256C2256POINTSABRASIVEPAPERWITHANAVERAGEGRAINSIZEOF20MM1121416S20S30ADQNMOTIVATEDBYTHEFACTTHATABRASIVEPAPERHASARELATIVELYHIGHROUGHNESSEGRAE94MMFORS30COMPAREDTOTHEABRADEDSURFACEITCANBESEENTHATTHETWOCURVESHAVETHESAMETRENDANDINCREASEASTHEAPPARENTCONTACTPRESSUREINCREASESTHEROUGHNESSISDESCRIBEDBYTHEDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEASPERITYHEIGHTSTHENUMBEROFASPERITIESINCONTACTINCREASESWITHTHENORMALLOADTHISINCREASESTHEEXPERIMENTALANDNUMERICALFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTSTHEASPERITIESWHICHARENOTINCONTACTDONOTCONTRIBUTEINTHEEVALUATIONOFTHEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTHOWEVER,THEEXPERIMENTALFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTISSLIGHTLYLARGERTHANTHECALCULATEDONETHISGAPISPROBABLYCAUSEDBYTHEABSENCEOFTHEADHESIVECOMPONENTINTHEMODELTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEMODELANDTHEEXPERIMENTDECREASESWITHTHEFORCEBECAUSETHEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTRELATEDTOTHEADHESIONDECREASESWITHINCREASINGNORMALLOADTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHECONTACTAREARATIOARIEREALTOAPPARENTCONTACTAREARATIOWITHTHETOTALNORMALLOADISIMPORTANTFORUNDERSTANDINGTHEMECHANISMSINVOLVEDINFRICTION,ADHESION,ORWEARFIG7PRESENTSTHEEVOLUTIONOFARASAFUNCTIONOFTHETOTAL5AJOURANIETAL/TRIBOLOGYINTERNATIONAL592013303735000501015020250303504S20S30MEANFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTNORMALLOADFN1234FIG5MEANFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTMS20ANDMS30FIGUREONTHELEFTANDMACROSCOPICNORMALLOADFFORBOTHSURFACESS20ANDS30THESIMULATIONSSHOWTHATARISLINEARLYPROPORTIONALTOTHENORMALLOADWHICHISINAGREEMENTWITHTHEMODELSDEVELOPEDBY2324ITISWORTHNOTINGTHATTHEREALCONTACTAREABETWEENTHEABRASIVEPAPERANDTHEWORKPIECEISMUCHSMALLERTHANTHEAPPARENTONEANDDOESNOTEXCEED25OFTHEAPPARENTCONTACTAREAFORTHETESTEDABRASIVEPAPERSFIG7INDICATESALSOTHATTHECONTACTSURFACEISSMALLERWITHPAPERS30CONSEQUENTLYTHECORRESPONDINGFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTSHOULDBESMALLERTHANFORTHEABRASIVEPAPERS20ASMALLAREAOFREALCONTACTINVOLVESAWEAKADHESIONBETWEENTHEABRASIVEPAPERANDTHESMOOTHSURFACE25THISISTHECASEFORTHEBELTFINISHINGWHERETHEADHESIONFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTDOESNOTEXCEED00522,26THEVALUEOFTHEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTISMAINLYDEPENDENTOFTHELOCALGEOMETRYOFTHEABRASIVEGRAINVIATHECURVATURERADIUSANDTHEATTACKANGLE42EFFECTOFTHELOCALGEOMETRYOFTHEABRASIVEGRAINSONTHEWEARRATETHELOCALCONTACTPARAMETERSEGTHENORMALANDTANGENTIALFORCESATTHEASPERITYSCALEAREUSEDTODETERMINETHEMATERIALREMOVALDURINGTHEPOLISHINGPROCESSANDTOUNDERSTANDTHENORMALLOADFFORABRASIVEPAPERSS20ANDS30RESPECTIVELY0101502025030350415225335445NUMERICAL,PRESENTWORKEXPERIMENTALAFTERKHALLOUKI,2006MEANFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTNORMALLOADFNFIG6COMPARISONBETWEENNUMERICALANDEXPERIMENTALFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTSASAFUNCTIONOFTHEAPPARENTCONTACTPRESSURE024681012345D20D30MACROSCOPICPENETRATIONDEPTHMNORMALLOADFNPENETRATIONDEPTHD20ANDD30FIGUREONTHERIGHTASFUNCTIONOFTHEMACROSCOPICEFFECTSOFTHELOCALGEOMETRYOFTHEABRASIVEGRAINSANDTHEAPPARENTCONTACTPRESSUREONWEARRATEEVOLUTIONTHEABRASIVEWEARCANBEEXPRESSEDTHROUGHTHREEDIFFERENTPROCESSESPLOUGHING,WEDGEFORMATION,ORCUTTINGTHETRANSITIONFROMONETOANOTHERDEPENDSONTHEATTACKANGLEAIOFTHEABRASIVEGRAINICOMPUTEDASINTHEPREVIOUSSECTIONFROMTHERATIOBETWEENTHEGROOVEDEPTHDANDTHEHALFWIDTHOFTHEGROOVEATHEINFLUENCEOFTHEATTACKANGLEONTHESCRATCHTESTINGOFALUMINIUMALLOYSAMPLEWASSTUDIEDEXPERIMENTALLYBY27BYUSINGASINGLEPOINTSCRATCHBASEDONTHEIREXPERIMENTS,THEYHAVESHOWNTHATWHENTHEATTACKANGLEISBELOW051RAD,APLOUGHINGMECHANISMOCCURS,WHEREASFORANATTACKANGLEABOVE102RAD,ACUTTINGMECHANISMDOMINATESFORINTERMEDIATEATTACKANGLESATRANSITIONFROMPLOUGHINGTOCUTTINGWEARMECHANISMHASBEENOBSERVEDTHECROSSSECTIONAREAOFTHEGROOVEPRODUCEDBYEACHABRASIVEGRAINIATADEPTHDIISEQUALTOAIFROMWHICHAFRACTIONISREMOVEDTOCAUSEDIRECTMATERIALLOSSDURINGMATERIALDISPLACEMENTINTHEABRASIVEPROCESSSUCHFRACTIONISESTIMATEDWITHTHEWEARRATIOFAB28ANDISEQUALSTOFABAGC0AR1AR2AG,1500511522512345S20S30RATIOOFCONTACTAREAARNORMALLOADFNFIG7EVOLUTIONOFTHERATIOOFCONTACTAREAVSTHETOTALNORMALLOADWITHTHEINCREASEINTHETOTALNORMALLOAD,THEEFFECTOFTHESPHERICALPARTOFANINDIVIDUALABRASIVEGRAINBECOMESLESSSIGNIFICANTTHEWEARRATEINCREASESRAPIDLYDUETOTHEINCREASEOFTHECUTTINGFORCEOFEACHGRAINLEADINGTOTHETRANSITIONINDOMINANTWEARMODEFROMPLOUGHINGTOWEDGINGANDCUTTINGTHE001200400600800PLOUGHING0170HARDNESSHVFIG9WEARMODEDIAGRAM30,31TABLE2PERCENTAGESOFEACHWEARMECHANISMFORTHETWOABRASIVEPAPERSS20ANDS30DENSITYARA1DENSITYA1OAOA2DENSITYA2OAAMINRADAMEANRADAMAXRADSURFACES20433720005055134SURFACES303135340090811420200400600800100012001400012345S20S30WEARRATEM3/MNORMALLOADFNFIG10WEARVOLUMEPERUNITSLIDINGDISTANCELASAFUNCTIONOFTHENORMALLOADFORPAPERSS20ANDS30AJOURANIETAL/TRIBOLOGYINTERNATIONAL592013303736WHERETHEDIFFERENTSECTIONSAREGIVENINFIG8AR1AR2REPRESENTSTHEQUANTITYOFMATERIALWHICHISPUSHEDTOTHEGROOVESIDESDUETOTHEPLASTICDEFORMATIONANDAGISTHECROSSSECTIONALAREAOFTHEWEARGROOVEREFS29AND30HAVESHOWNTHATTHEWEARRATIOFABITSELFDEPENDSONTHEATTACKANGLEAOFTHEGRAINSTHELATTERISDEFINEDBYTGADA16FABVALUEBECOMESEQUALTOZEROFORIDEALMICROPLOUGHINGWHENTHEATTACKANGLEISBELOWSOMECRITICALVALUEA1ANDEQUALTOUNITYFORIDEALMICROCUTTINGWHENTHEATTACKANGLEISABOVESOMECRITICALATTACKANGLEA2BETWEENA1ANDA2,THETWOMECHANISMSCUTTINGANDPLOUGHINGCOEXISTSIMULTANEOUSLYINTHISCASE0OFABO1ANDFABISGIVENBY10FABATANAC0TANA1TANA2C0TANA1A1OAOA217TODETERMINETHETWOCRITICALATTACKANGLESA1ANDA2,THEEXPERIMENTALMEASUREMENTOFHOKKIRIGAWAETAL3031AREUSEDFIG9THEAUTHORSAPPLIEDSEVERALCONICALINDENTERSWITHDIFFERENTATTACKANGLESDURINGTHESCRATCHTESTINORDERTOINVESTIGATETHEDIFFERENTWEARMECHANISMSSUCHTESTSAREUSEDASAMETHODOFCONSTRUCTINGAWEARMODEDIAGRAMFORDIFFERENTSCRATCHEDSURFACESDISPLAYINGVARIOUSVICKERSHARDNESSHVTHEBOUNDARIESCONDITIONSBETWEENVARIOUSABRASIVEWEARMECHANISMSCANTHENBEDEFINEDINTERMSOFCRITICALATTACKANGLESINOURCASE,WHEREHV210MEASUREDINTHEHARDNESSVICKERSSCALEHV30,THETWOCRITICALANGLESAREA1043RADANDA2096RADATSMALLDEPTHOFPENETRATIONDIRRI1C0COSAI,THECROSSSECTIONAREAOFTHEGROOVEPRODUCEDBYEACHABRASIVEGRAINIETHESCRATCHEDSECTIONCANBECALCULATEDBY19AS12R22COSC011C0DRC18C19C0SIN2COSC011C0DRC18C19C20C21C26C2718THEPREVIOUSRELATIONISAPPLIEDATEACHASPERITYIFORSIMPLICITY,THEINDICESIAREOMITTEDINEQS18AND19ATLARGEPENETRATIONDEPTHDI4RI1C0COSAI,THECROSSSECTIONAREAOFTHEGROOVEPRODUCEDBYEACHABRASIVEGRAINSISGIVENBY19ACR22SINA2ASINA2DRC023COSAC0COS3ADRC18C192COSAC02DRCOSAC0SINASIN2A“19INTHISSECTION,THESAMEABRASIVEPAPERSS20ANDS30USEDPREVIOUSLYAREUTILISEDTOSTUDYTHEEFFECTOFTHEABRASIVEGRAINSSIZEONTHEWEARVOLUMEBYCONSIDERINGTHETHREEDIFFERENTPROCESSESOFABRASIONPLOUGHING,WEDGEFORMATIONANDCUTTINGTHEDIFFERENTABRASIONMECHANISMSATTHESCALEOFEACHASPERITYOCCUR,DEPENDINGONTHEVALUEOFTHEATTACKANGLEAIANDTHETWOAR1AR2AG2AFIG8THECROSSSECTIONALPROFILEOFTHEWEARGROOVECRITICALATTACKANGLESA1ANDA2TABLE2SHOWSTHEPERCENTAGEOFEACHWEARMECHANISMFORTHETWOABRASIVEPAPERSS20ANDS30FIG10SHOWSTHATTHEWEARVOLUMEPERUNITSLIDINGDISTANCELINCREASESWITHTHETOTALNORMALLOADFORTHETWOABRASIVEPAPERSATLOWLOAD,THEWEARVOLUMEINCREASESSLOWLYBECAUSEALARGEFRACTIONOFTHETOTALLOADISCARRIEDBYAPLOUGHINGCONTACTNONWEARCONTACTANDTHECONTACTISESTABLISHEDMAINLYBYTHESPHERICALTIPOFTHEASPERITIESWHICHCAUSEPLASTICDEFORMATIONASINDICATEDINSECTION21WITHOUTRESULTINGINMATERIALREMOVAL0203040506DEGREEOFPENETRATIONDPCUTTINGWEDGE104708707052035ATTACKANGLERADDEPENDENCEOFTHEGROOVECROSSSECTIONAREAAR1AR2INCREASESWITHTHEINCREASEOFTHEPENETRATIONDEPTHWITHTHEABRASIVEPAPERS30,THEGENERALTRENDSFORTHEVARIATIONOFTHEWEARRATEWITHTHEAPPLIEDNORMALLOADARESIMILARTOTHEPAPERS20HOWEVER,ASCANBEEXPECTED,WEARRATESAREHIGHERCOMPAREDTOTHEFIRSTCASETHISDIFFERENCEISDUEPRIMARILYTOTHEAVERAGEATTACKANGLEWHICHISMOREIMPORTANTFORS30WHERE69OFASPERITIESHAVEATTACKANGLESEXCEEDINGA1WITHTHEINCREASEINTHEATTACKANGLE,THELOCALLOADSUPPORTEDBYANINDIVIDUALGRAININCREASES,LEADINGTOTHETRANSITIONINTHEDOMINANTWEARMECHANISMFROMPLOUGHINGTOWEDGINGANDCUTTINGRATESURFACEANALYSEDC15C152005259113743FINISHINGONAAISI52100HARDENEDSTEELJOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY2008208187953BIGERELLEM,HAGEGEB,ELMANSORIMMECHANICALMODELLINGOFMICROSCALEABRASIONINSUPERFINISHBELTGRINDINGTRIBOLOGYINTERNATIONAL2008411199210014BACKERWR,MARSHALLFR,SHAWMCTHESIZEEFFECTINMETALCUTTINGTRANSACABRASIONWEAR196811213226SINH,SAKAN,SUHNPABRASIVEWEARMECHANISMSANDTHEGRITSIZEEFFECTWEAR197955163907SUHNP,SINHC,SAKANFUNDAMENTALASPECTSOFABRASIVEWEARINSUCHNP,SAKAN,EDITORSFUNDAMENTALSOFTRIBOLOGYCAMBRIDGEMITPRESS1978P4935188JACOBSONS,WALLENP,HOGMARKSCORRELATIONBETWEENGROOVESIZE,WEARRATEAJOURANIETAL/TRIBOLOGYINTERNATIONAL5920133037372RECHJ,KERMOUCHEG,GRZESIKW,GARCIAROSALESC,KHELLOUKIK,GARCIANAVASVCHARACTERIZATIONANDMODELLINGOFTHERESIDUALSTRESSESINDUCEDBYBELTOFTHEADHESIVECOMPONENTINTHEMODELTHESIMPLIFIEDGEOMETRYUSEDTODESCRIBETHESHAPEOFTHEABRASIVEGRAINIEHARDCONICALINDENTERWITHHEMISPHERICALTIPMAYALSOEXPLAINTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEEXPERIMENTALANDNUMERICALRESULTSC15THEUSEOFTWOABRASIVEPAPERSS20ANDS30SHOWSTHATTHEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTANDTHEWEARVOLUMEINCREASEWITHTHEINCREASEOFTHEABRASIVEGRAINSSIZEANDCONSEQUENTLYWITHTHEAVERAGEATTACKAN
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