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任务书.doc
设计说明书.doc[28000字，69页]
程序（部分）.doc
答辩.doc
设计说明书.doc
控制原理图.dwg
摘 要
云图可实时反映大气状况，通过气象的动态分析可以为气象预报提供重要参考数据。我国的地面气象观测技术比较落后，主要通过相机对天空的直接拍摄获得云图。现有的云图采集装置无法小面积准确地为镜头遮挡阳光，镜头受阳光直射，大大缩短了其使用寿命，而且云图由于阳光直射受到光晕的影响，成像质量差，影响云图分析。
本论文在对地面云图采集设备进行大量的调研后，在现有的地面云图采集设备的基础上对云图采集设备进行设计及优化。针对阳光直射镜头的问题，采用高度角-方位角追踪方式实现对太阳方位的追踪，利用万年历算法与电子罗盘、加速度计相结合的方法，通过单片机控制机械结构为镜头遮挡阳光，提高云图的质量及采集设备的自动化程度。同时，本文对于云图采集设备所存在磁场载体误差进行优化分析，提出校正、数据校准以及倾角补偿等算法优化，提高了云图采集设备的工作精度。
该系统经过实际验证，在云图采集过程中实现了对阳光进行有效的遮挡，精度高，试运行稳定。
关键词 云图采集；自动控制；高度角；方位角
Design and optimization of the control system of the cloud atlas acquisition equipment
Abstract
The cloud atlas can reflect the atmospheric conditions in real time. The dynamic analysis of the weather can provide important reference data for the weather forecast. China's ground meteorological observation technology is relatively backward, mainly through the camera directly to the sky to get a picture of the sky. The existing image acquisition device to small area accurately for the lens to block the sun, shot by direct sunlight, greatly shorten the service life, and cloud due to direct sunlight by the halo effect, the imaging quality is poor, the impact of image analysis.
In this paper, a lot of research on the ground image acquisition equipment, based on the existing ground image acquisition equipment on the basis of the cloud atlas acquisition equipment, design and optimization. Aiming at the problems of direct sunlight lens, the elevation angle and azimuth angle tracking mode to realize the solar azimuth tracking, using calendar algorithm and the electronic compass, acceleration meter combination method, through the MCU control mechanical structure for the lens to block the sun, improve the degree of automation of image quality and acquisition equipment. At the same time, this paper analyzes the error of magnetic field carrier in the cloud atlas acquisition equipment, and puts forward the algorithm optimization of correction, data calibration and angle compensation, which improves the working accuracy of the cloud atlas acquisition equipment.
The system has been verified in practice, in the process of cloud atlas acquisition to achieve the effective shielding of the sun, high precision, stable operation of the test.
Keywords cloud atlas acquisition,automatic control,high angle,azimuth angle
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 课题背景 1
1.2 云图采集设备的国内外研究现状 2
1.3 课题研究的目的和意义 5
1.4 本课题的主要研究内容 5
1.5 本章小结 6
第2章 云图采集设备方案设计 8
2.1 追踪方式的选择 8
2.2 云图采集设备的系统构成 13
2.3 云图采集设备的结构设计 13
2.4 本章小结 14
第3章 云图采集设备控制系统设计 15
3.1 云台通讯方式的选择 16
3.2 云台高度角和方位角的确定 18
3.3 太阳实时高度角和方位角的计算 19
3.4 阳光追踪控制系统设计 21
3.4.1 阳光追踪系统的硬件设计 21
3.4.2 阳光追踪系统的软件设计 26
3.5 本章小结 30
第4章 实验及控制算法优化 31
4.1 试验及误差分析 31
4.2 控制程序的优化 33
4.2.1 HMC5883L数据校准 33
4.2.2 HMC5883L 倾角补偿 35
4.3 实验结果 35
4.4 本章小结 37
结论 38
致谢 39
参考文献 40
附录 42
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