摘 要
在目前激烈的市场竞争中，产品投入市场的迟早往往是成败的关键。模具是高质量、高效率的产品生产工具，模具开发周期占整个产品开发周期的主要部分。因此，如何在保证质量、控制成本的前提下缩短模具开发周期是值得认真考虑的问题。
?? 模具开发周期包括模具设计、制造、装配与试模等阶段。所阶段出现的问题都会对整个开发周期都有直接的影响，但有些因素的作用是根本的、全局性的。人的因素及设计质量就是这样的因素。
缩短设计周期并提高设计质量是缩短整个模具开发周期的关键之一。模块化设计就是利用产品零部件在结构及功能上的相似性，而实现产品的标准化与组合化。大量实践表明，模块化设计能有效减少产品设计时间并提高设计质量。因此本文探索在模具设计中运用模块化设计方法。?
? 某些模具零件（如凸凹模）的形状和尺寸由产品决定因而无法在模块设计时预见到，所以只能按常见形状设计模块（如圆形或矩形的冲头）,适用面窄；某些模具零件（如冲压模的工件定位零件）虽然互相配合执行某一功能，但它们的空间布置难寻规律与共性，因此即使按功能划分也不能产生模块。
本文介绍了注射模具的特点及发展趋势，叙述了三通管注射模具设计与计算的详细过程，介绍了该塑件成型工艺、注射模具的结构特点与工作过程, 阐述了在有斜滑块抽芯的注射模设计中应注意的事项
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关键词：三通管 注射模；斜滑块；侧抽芯
Abstract
Launching a new product in time is the key to success in the current fierce market competition. Mold as the tool which is used to ensure the high-quality and high-efficiency production, its development circle takes up the main part of the entire development circle of the product.
Thus, it is necessary to consider how to shorten the entire development circle of model on the premise that the quality can be ensured and the cost can be cut.
The development of model includes designing, producing, assembling and examining steps etc. the problems which appear in every step can influence the whole developing process directly. There are many factors influence the development process, some of them influence it radically, entirely, such as the designer and the quality of design.
Shortening the period and enhancing the quality of design are the keys to shorten to entire development circle of model. Modular design refers to utilize the similarity in construction and function between the components to achieve the standardization and assibilation of products. Practices show that modular design is an effective way to reduce the time and enhance the quality of products .This paper mainly explores the method of applying the modular design in model design.
Shape and size of some model spares, such as convex and cave mold are decided by certain product, as the result, they can not be foresaw in the
model piece design, people only can design the model according to the common shapes such as the blunt head of circular or rectangle. Meanwhile, although some model spares such as blunt press the fixed position spare can work in coordination to carry out certain function, it is hard to find the regulation and similarity in their spaces arrangement, so it also cannot produce a model piece even according to their function.
The characteristics and developments of injection mould will be introduced in this paper. The designing and calculating of injection mould of microphone will be stated in detail. The forming process of the product and the structure characteristics as well as working process of the injection mould will be introduced .The attention should be paid in the design of the injection mould for the part with lifters also will be stated.
Key words: microphone, injection mould; lifter; core pulling
目 录
一．塑件工艺性分析-------------------------------------7
二．计算塑件的体和质量-------------------------------12
三．初选塑件的体积和质量----------------------------13
四．分型面的选择，型腔的数目和排列方式-------15
五．成型零部件结构设计-------------------------------16
六．浇注系统的设计-------------------------------------18
七．设备的校核-------------------------------------------23
八．导向机构的设计-------------------------------------24
九．脱模机构的设计-------------------------------------26
十．侧抽芯机构的设计----------------------------------27
十一．模架的设计-------------------------------------------30
十二．设计心得----------------------------------------------32
十三、 参考文献----------------------------------------------33
一．塑料的工艺性分析
１．塑件的原材料分析
该塑件的原材料为聚氯乙烯(PVC),则其相关资料如下：
主要用途：聚氯乙烯是世界上产量最大的塑料品种之一，其价格便宜,应用广泛．由于聚氯乙烯的化学稳定性高，所以可用于制作防腐管道，管件，输油管，离心泵和鼓风机等．聚氯乙烯硬板广泛用于化学工业上制作各种贮槽的衬里，建筑物的瓦楞板，门窗结构，墙壁装饰物等建筑用材．由于电气绝缘性能优良，聚氯乙烯在电气，电子工业中，用于制造插座，插头，开关和电缆．在日常生活中，聚氯乙烯用与制造凉鞋，雨衣，玩具和人造革等．
基本特性：聚氯乙烯树脂为白色或浅黄色粉末，是线型结构，非结晶型的高聚物，其可溶性和可熔性较差，加热后塑性也很差，故纯聚氯乙烯不能直接用作塑料，一般都应加入添加剂．在聚氯乙烯树脂中加入少量的增塑剂，可制成硬质聚氯乙烯，而软质聚氯乙烯树脂中则含有较多的增塑剂，起塑性，流动性比硬质聚氯乙烯好．纯聚氯乙烯．加入了增塑剂和填料等的聚氯乙烯塑件的密度范围一般为～．硬聚氯乙烯有叫好的抗拉，抗弯，抗压和抗冲击性能，可单独用做结构材料．软聚氯乙烯的柔软性，断裂伸长率，耐寒性会增加，但脆性，硬度，拉伸强度回降低，聚氯乙烯有较好的电气绝缘性能，可以用作低频绝缘材料，其化学性稳定性也较好．
成型特点：聚氯乙烯成型性能较差，又是热敏性塑料，在成型温度下容易分解放出氯化氢．因此，在成型时，必须加入稳定剂和润滑剂并严格控制温度及溶体的滞留时间．应采用带预塑化装置的螺杆式注射成型．模具浇注系统也应粗短，进料口截面宜大，模具应有冷却装置．
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