水果清洗机设计【全套含CAD图纸和三维SW建模】
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上传时间：2018-03-14
上传人：机****料
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- 关 键 词：
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水果
生果
瓜果
清洗
设计
全套
cad
图纸
以及
三维
sw
建模
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- 内容简介：
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JOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY1672005515528ABSTRACTMINIATURE/MICRONEITSMACHININGWKBENCHTYPE1SIONINCREASEDONLYBWHEREAREMOBILEASTHEMAKTHEANDTURE/MICROOFFIELD09240136/DOI101016/JJMATPROTEC200505050DESIGNOFULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLSWITHAPPLICATIONSTOMANUFACTUREOFMINIATUREANDMICROCOMPONENTSXICHUNLUOA,1,KAICHENGA,DAVEWEBBA,FRANKWARDLEBASCHOOLOFTECHNOLOGY,LEEDSMETROPOLITANUNIVERSITY,LEEDSLS13HE,UKBLOADPOINTLTD,CHELWORTHINDUSTRIALESTATE,CRICKLADE,SWINDON,WILTSSN66HE,UKCURRENTLY,THEUNDERLYINGNECESSITIESFORPREDICTABILITY,PRODUCIBILITYANDPRODUCTIVITYREMAINBIGISSUESINULTRAPRECISIONMACHININGOFPRODUCTSTHEDEMANDONRAPIDANDECONOMICFABRICATIONOFMINIATURE/MICROPRODUCTSWITHCOMPLEXSHAPESHASALSOMADEWCHALLENGESFORULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLDESIGNINTHISPAPER,THEDESIGNFORANULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLISINTRODUCEDBYDESCRIBINGKEYMACHINEELEMENTSANDMACHINETOOLDESIGNPROCEDURESTHEFOCUSISONTHEREVIEWANDASSESSMENTOFTHESTATEOFTHEARTULTRAPRECISIONTOOLSITALSOILLUSTRATESTHEAPPLICATIONPROMISEOFMINIATURE/MICROPRODUCTSTHETRENDSONMACHINETOOLDEVELOPMENT,TOOLING,ORKPIECEMATERIALANDMACHININGPROCESSESAREPOINTEDOUT2005PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERBVEYWORDSULTRAPRECISIONMACHINESDESIGNULTRAPRECISIONMACHININGMINIATUREANDMICROCOMPONENTSMANUFACTURING3DMICROSTRUCTURESANDDEVICESULTRAPRECISIONMACHINESINTRODUCTIONORFREEFORMSURFACESITISFOUNDTHATTHOSEMICROSTRUCTURESITISWIDELYAPPRECIATEDTHATTHEDEVELOPMENTOFPRECIMANUFACTURINGHASGREATLYCHANGEDOURLIVESINTERMSOFLIVINGSTANDARDSHIGHPRECISIONMANUFACTURINGNOTOFFERSQUALITYANDRELIABILITYFORCONVENTIONALPRODUCTS,UTALSOMAKESPOSSIBLEENTIRELYNEWPRODUCTS,ESPECIALLYMECHATRONICS,MINIATURIZATIONANDHIGHPERFORMANCEIMPORTANT1IMPRESSIVEEXAMPLESAREDIGITALCAMERAS,PHONES,MINIMALINVASIVEMEDICALEQUIPMENTASWELLBIOTECHNOLOGICALORCHEMICALPROCESSINGEQUIPMENT2HIGHFUNCTIONDENSITYANDREDUCEDSIZEANDWEIGHTWILLETHEMINIATUREANDMICROPRODUCTSMORECOMPETITIVEASRESULTTHEMARKETSFORMINIATUREANDMICROCOMPONENTSPRODUCTSHOLDAHIGHPOTENTIALOFGROWTH2RECENTLY,NEWDEMANDSINTHEFABRICATIONOFMINIAPRODUCTSHAVEAPPEARED,SUCHASTHEMANUFACTUREMICROSTRUCTURESANDCOMPONENTSWITH3DCOMPLEXSHAPESCORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL441132836731FAX441132833110EMAILADDRESSKCHENGLEEDSMETACUKKCHENG1PRESENTADDRESSSCHOOLOFINDUSTRIALSTRUCTURALCONFIGURATIONSTRUCTURALCONNECTIVITYSTRUCTUREDYNAMICPERFORMANCESUCHASTHERMALSTABILITYANDRESPONSETOEXTERNALFORCESWITHREGARDTOTHEPROPERFUNCTIONINGOFMOVINGAXESANDSTABILITYTHESTRUCTURALDESIGNWILLFOLLOWTHEFOLWINGPRINCIPLESHIGHSTRUCTURALLOOPSTIFFNESSTHESTRUCTURALLOOPINCLUDESTHESPINDLESHAFT,THEBEARINGANDHOUSING,THESLIDEWAYANDFRAME,THEDRIVES,ANDTHECUTTINGTOOLANDWORKHOLDINGFIXTURESALLMECHANICALCOMPONENTSANDJOINSINTHEPROPAGATIONPATHFROMTHEDRIVETOTHEPOINTOFREACTION,EGTHEENDEFFECTORCUTTINGTOOLORTHECENTREOFGRAVITY,MUSTHAVEAHIGHSTIFFNESSTOAVOIDDEFORMATIONUNDERCHANGINGLOADS5GOODDAMPINGPROPERTYTHISCANBEACHIEVEDBYCHOOSINGHIGHDAMPINGCAPABILITYMATERIALASMACHINEBEDANDSLIDEWAYMATERIALSORFILLINGSTRUCTURESCAVITIESWITHLEADSHOTANDOILFORVISCOUSANDMASSDAMPINGORCONCRETEFORMASSDAMPINGSOMEMETHODS,SUCHASSHEARPLATEANDTUNEDMASSDAMPER,CANALSOBEAPPLIEDTODAMPSTRUCTURES4SYMMETRYANDCLOSEDLOOPSTRUCTURALCONGURATION“T”CONFIGURATIONISPOPULARLYUSEDFORMOSTOFTHEULTRAPRECISIONTURNINGANDGRINDINGMACHINESRECENTLY,ANOVELTETRAHEDRONSTRUCTUREPROPOSEDBYTHENPLINENGLANDHASBEENAPPLIEDINANULTRAPRECISIONGRINDINGMACHINETETRAFORMCITUTILIZESANINTERNALLYDAMPEDSPACEFRAMEWITHALLTHELOADSCARRIEDINCLOSEDLOOPTHEDESIGNGENERATESAVERYHIGHSTATICSTIFFNESSCOUPLEDWITHEXCEPTIONALDYNAMICSTIFFNESS6THERMALANDELASTICSTRUCTURALLOOPSMINIMIZINGTHEINFLUENCEOFSPATIALTHERMALGRADIENTSINTHESYSTEMANDMAKINGTHESYSTEMQUICKLYREACHANDMAINTAINASTABLEEQUILIBRIUMMINIMIZATIONOFHEATDEFORMATIONREDUCTIONOFTHERMALDEFORMATIONFROMTHEVIEWPOINTOFTHESTRUCTURALDESIGNMILLINGMACHINEOCESSINGFTERIASTIFETCTHERESISTANCE,MATIONINCREASINGTHEISSEALWITHBECOMESANDSTRUCTURALHIGHSUPER22BECAUSEONTHEAEROSTATICHIGHANSTATICHYDROSTATICMACHINEHYDROSTATICCISIONAIRSTATICHIGHINGTORSLIFTONTOGROOPRESSURECARRYINGTHEXLUOETAL/JOURNALOFMATERIALSPRRATHERTHANTHEREMEDYBYUSINGTHECONTROLTECHNIQUETHEMETHODSINCLUDESEPARATINGHEATSOURCESFROMTHEMACHINEANDPROCESSES,QUICKLYEXPELLINGTHEHEATGENERATEDWITHINTHEMACHINEANDMAINTAININGTHEFLUIDUSEDFORHEATREMOVALATACONSTANTTEMPERATURE,USINGZEROORLOWTHERMALEXPANSIONMATERIALSLODTMDEVELOPEDATLLNLEMPLOYSSEVERALINGENIOUSMETHODSREMOVINGTHEHEATRELATEDERRORSFORINSTANCE,THELODTMISENCLOSEDINACONTAINERWITHINWHICHTHEAIRTEMPERATUREISMAINTAINEDAT200010CTHEMEASUREMENTFRAMEISMADEFROMSUPERINVAANDCOVEREDBYASHELLINWHICHWATERMAINTAINEDAT200001CISCIRCULATEDTHEHOUSINGFORTHEMAINSPINDLEBEARINGINCORPORATESACOOLANTCONDUCTORINWHICHTEMPERATURECONTROLLEDWATERISCIRCULATEDTOREMOVEANYHEATGENERATEDBYBEARINGSBEFOREITCAUSESEXCESSIVEDEFORMATIONASARESULTOFTHESEMEASURES,THEMAXIMUMDRIFTDUETOHEATDEFORMATIONOVERA24HPERIODISLESSTHAN25NM4ISOLATIONOFENVIRONMENTALEFFECTSCLOSEDMACHININGENVIRONMENTISESSENTIALTOISOLATETHEDISTURBANCESCOMINGFROMOUTERCIRCUMSTANCESURROUNDINGTHEMACHINE,EGVIBRATIONSFROMTHEFLOOR,FLUCTUATIONOFTHEROOMTEMPERATURE,HEATTRANSFERFROMOTHERMACHINES,FLOATINGDUSTANDSOON7THECHOICEOFMATERIALSFORAMACHINETOOLISONEOFKEYACTORSINDETERMININGFINALMACHINEPERFORMANCEMANYCRIMAYBECONSIDERED,INCLUDINGTEMPORALSTABILITY,SPECIFICFNESS,HOMOGENEITY,EASINESSOFMANUFACTURINGANDCOST,5CASTIRONANDGRANITEAREMOSTWIDELYUSEDMATERIALSFORMACHINEBASEANDSLIDEWAYSBECAUSEOFTHEIRGOODWEARLOWTHERMALEXPANSIONS,LOWSTRESSCAUSEDDEFORANDHIGHVIBRATIONDAMPINGCAPACITY,ALBEITTHEREISUSAGEOFPOLYMERCONCRETESINTHEPASTFEWYEARSDRAWBACKOFGRANITEISTHATITCANABSORBMOISTERSOITUSEDINDRYENVIRONMENTFORTHISREASONMANYBUILDERSTHEGRANITEWITHEPOXYRESINFOROBTAININGLIGHTWEIGHTHIGHDAMPINGCAPACITYANDRIGIDITY,POLYMERCONCRETEPOPULARESPECIALLYFORSOMEPRECISIONINSTRUMENTSSMALLSIZESOFMACHINETOOLSINSOMEAPPLICATIONCASES,MATERIALSOFLOWTHERMALEXPANSIONCOEFFICIENTANDMECHANISMTHRESHOLDHOFER10NALLYOFIN10OILTABLESMACHINEFIG2HYBRIDAIRBEARINGMILLINGTECHNOLOGY1672005515528517DIMENSIONALSTABILITYHAVEBEENUSEDAMONGTHOSEAREINVAR,SYNTHETICGRANITE,CERAMICSANDZERODUR8WORKSPINDLESSPINDLEISAKEYELEMENTOFTHEPRECISIONMACHINETOOLTHESPINDLEMOTIONERRORWILLHAVESIGNIFICANTEFFECTSTHESURFACEQUALITYANDACCURACYOFMACHINEDCOMPONENTSMOSTOFTENUSEDSPINDLESINPRECISIONMACHINETOOLSARESPINDLESANDHYDROSTATICSPINDLESTHEYBOTHHAVEMOTIONACCURACYANDCAPABLEOFHIGHROTATIONALSPEEDAEROSTATICSPINDLEHASLOWERSTIFFNESSTHANANOILHYDROSPINDLE,BUTITHASLOWERTHERMALDEFORMATIONTHANOILSPINDLEAEROSTATICSPINDLESAREWIDELYUSEDINTOOLSWITHMEDIUMANDSMALLLOADINGCAPACITYWHILESPINDLESAREOFTENAPPLIEDINLARGEHEAVYLOADPREMACHINETOOLSRECENTLY,GROOVETECHNIQUEHASBEENUSEDINTHEDESIGNOFBEARINGSTHEGROOVEDHYBRIDAIRBEARINGCOMBINESAEROANDAERODYNAMICDESIGNPRINCIPLESTOOPTIMIZEULTRASPEEDPERFORMANCEAEROSTATICLIFTISGENERATEDBYFEEDTHEBEARINGWITHPRESSURIZEDAIRTHROUGHORIFICERESTRICASINTHECONVENTIONALBEARINGDESIGN9AERODYNAMICISCONTROLLEDBYTHEADDITIONALHELICALGROOVESMACHINEDTHESHAFTORBEARINGJOURNALSURFACESTHEBENEFITSOFVESINTHEBEARINGINCLUDESIGNIFICANTLYCHANGINGTHEDISTRIBUTIONWITHINTHEBEARINGANDIMPROVINGLOADCAPABILITYANDSTIFFNESSTHEGROOVEALSOCHANGESAIRVELOCITYGRADIENTSINTHEBEARINGAFFECTINGTHEBASICOFWHIRLINSTABILITY,WHICHUSUALLYIMPROVESTHEOATFROMWHICHINSTABILITYOCCURS9FIG2SHOWSTHEAIRBEARINGSPINDLESDEVELOPEDBYFRAUNIPT,PHILIPS,ZEISSANDCRANFIELDPRECISIONFORUPM3COMBININGTHESPIRALGROOVETECHNOLOGYWITHANEXTERPRESSURIZEDBEARINGTYPE,AMAXIMUMROTATIONALSPEED100,000RPMANDRADIALSTIFFNESSOF30N/H9262MAREACHIEVEDRADIALDIRECTIONWITHATOTALERRORMOTIONBELOW100NMAIRBEARINGSLIDEWAYS,AIR/MAGNETICBEARINGSLIDEWAYS,HYDROSTATICBEARINGSLIDEWAYSANDAIRBEARINGROTARYAREWIDELYUSEDINTHESTATEOFTHEARTULTRAPRECISIONTOOLSASTHEYARECAPABLEOFHIGHMOTIONACCURACYSPINDLEFORUPM3518OCESSINGTECHNOLOGY1672005515528OILBECAUSEPUMPINGBE23DRIANGULARTHETRICAREFRICTIONAIRTOOLSACTUATORTABLEACCURACELECTRICFINEOFWITHCONTROLTTURNINGNONROTATIONALLYOPHTHALMICOFFRICTIONPRESCRIBEDCONTACTS,SURFTHEFORMLINEARALTERNATITHEREFOREASTIALLYSPEED,ETC24SWITCHESTRICALMULTIAXISOF,CHRONISMERROROF8INNANOMETEREVENSUBNANOMETERSCALESCOULDBEOBTAINEDTHEUSEOFADVANCEDPCBASEDCONTROLSYSTEMSWILLBETHETRENDFORLOWCOSTULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLSINTHEFUTURE25PRECISIONOTHERANDTOINDUSTRYTOCONDITIONSINTOPURPOSESWIDELYTIONTANCEANDDETECTIONDISTANCESASXLUOETAL/JOURNALOFMATERIALSPRHYDROSTATICBEARINGSAREOFTENUSEDINLARGEMACHINETOOLSOFTHEIRHIGHLOADCAPABILITY,ALTHOUGHTHEADDITIONALSYSTEM,ENVIRONMENTALANDTHERMALISSUESNEEDTOTAKENACCOUNTOFDRIVESTHEMOVINGMECHANISMISGROUPEDINTOSPINDLEANDFEEDVESINMACHINETOOLSTHESPINDLEDRIVEPROVIDESSUFFICIENTSPEED,TORQUEANDPOWERTOAROTATINGSPINDLEHELDINSPINDLEHOUSINGWITHMAGNETICORAIRBEARINGSTHEELECACMOTORANDDCBRUSHLESSMOTORFORHIGHSPEEDSPINDLESALWAYSBUILTINTOTHESPINDLETOREDUCETHEINERTIAANDPRODUCEDBYTHEMOTORSPINDLESHAFTCOUPLINGTHETURBINESPINDLEISALSOAPPLIEDINULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETHEPIEZOELECTRICACTUATORISAKINDOFSHORTSTROKEITISVERYPROMISINGFORAPPLICATIONINTHEROTARYDRIVEANDSLIDEWAYSDRIVEBECAUSEOFITSHIGHMOTIONYANDWIDERESPONSEBANDWIDTHCURRENTLY,PIEZOACTUATORSHAVEBEENAPPLIEDINTHEDESIGNOFTHETOOLPOSITIONERINORDERTOOBTAINHIGHPRECISIONMOTIONTHECUTTINGTOOLTHEPIEZOELECTRICACTUATORCOMBINEDMECHANICALFLEXUREHINGEISOFTENUSEDFORPOSITIONINGOFTHEDIAMONDCUTTINGTOOLMORERECENTLY,FASTOOLSERVOFTSSYSTEMHASBEENINTRODUCEDFORDIAMONDCOMPONENTSANDPRODUCTSWITHSTRUCTUREDANDSYMMETRICSURFACESSUCHASLASERMIRRORS,LENSESANDLENSESMOLDS,ETC11LINEARMOTORDIRECTDRIVESANDFRICTIONDRIVESARETWOKINDSLONGSTROKEDRIVESUSEDONULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLSDRIVEISVERYPREDICTABLEANDREPRODUCIBLEDUETOALEVELOFPRELOADATTHESTATICALLYDETERMINATEWHEELTHEREBYSUPERIORINMACHININGOPTICALLYSMOOTHACESONEOFTHEGOODAPPLICATIONSOFFRICTIONDRIVESISONUPM3WITHAFRICTIONWHEELDRIVEFORXAXIS,WHICHHASACCURACYLESSTHAN02H9262M/100MMASACHIEVED11MOTORDRIVESCANOFFERTHESYSTEMDESIGNERANELEGANTVEINTHATTHEYPRODUCELINEARMOTIONDIRECTLYANDELIMINATETHENEEDFORCONVERSIONMECHANISMSSUCHLEADSCREWS,BELTDRIVESANDRACKANDPINIONS,WITHPOTENBETTERPERFORMANCEINTERMSOFSTIFFNESS,ACCELERATION,SMOOTHNESSOFMOTION,ACCURACYANDREPEATABILITY,28CONTROLTHECONTROLSUBSYSTEMINCLUDESMOTORS,AMPLIFIERS,ANDTHECONTROLLERTHATAREUSEDTOENERGIZETHEELECPARTSINACONTROLLEDSEQUENCEANDTIMEHIGHSPEED,CNCCONTROLLERSAREESSENTIALFOREFFICIENTCONTROLNOTONLYSERVODRIVESINHIGHPRECISIONPOSITIONLOOPSYNFORCONTOURING,BUTALSOTHERMALANDGEOMETRICALCOMPENSATION,OPTIMIZEDTOOLSETTINGANDDIRECTENTRYTHEEQUATIONOFSHAPESAVOIDINGLENGTHYPOSTPROCESSINGBYAPPLYINGFEEDBACKCONTROLTHECONTROLRESOLUTIONSFIGOF2LOCATIONS4AXISLASERMETROLOGYANDINSPECTIONSYSTEMMETROLOGYANDINSPECTIONSYSTEMSARETHEBASISFORULTRAMACHININGTOBEWIDELYAPPLIEDININDUSTRYONTHEHAND,HIGHERLEVELACCURACYASSURANCEINMETROLOGYINSPECTIONISALSOADRIVEFORULTRAPRECISIONMACHININGWARDSHIGHERPRECISIONREQUESTEDFORFUTUREENGINEERINGFASTANDACCURATEPOSITIONINGOFTHECUTTINGTOOLWARDSTHEWORKPIECESURFACEANDMONITORINGOFTHETOOLVISUALLYBYTHEOPERATORSHOULDBEINTEGRATEDTHEINSPECTIONSYSTEMESPECIALLYFORONLINEOPERATIONLASERMETROLOGYINCORPORATEDINTOTHEMACHINETOOLISUSEDFORFEEDANDPOSITIONCONTROLATTHERESOLUDOWNTONANOMETERORSUBNANOMETERLEVELCAPACIGAGES,LINEARVARIABLEDIFFERENTIALTRANSDUCERLVDTPHOTOELETRONICSENSORSARENORMALLYEMPLOYEDINTHEOFNANOMETRICDISPLACEMENTOVERSMALLWORKING8HEREITTAKESTHELASERINTERFEROMETERYMETROLOGYSYSTEMSHOWNINFIG3,ASACASESTUDYTOOLTIPMUSTBEPRECISELY3CONSTRUCTIONOFDEVICEFORMEASURINGDISPLACEMENTOFSLIDINGSURFACELODTM1UPPEROPTICSBOXTHREEINTERFEROMETERINVACUUMSYSTEMDETECTORTHREE3BEAMSPLITTER4SWINGMIRROR5BELLOWS,ATSIXWITHINTHEVACUUMSYSTEM6INTERFEROMETERCOVER4ANDDETECTORWITHIN7BEAMCOVER8OPTICSBENCH9ZAXISSTRAIGHTEDGE10XSTRAIGHTEDGE11SUPPERFORLASEROPTICSUNIT12SP125HELIUM/NEON13HELIUM/NEONLASERWITHSTABILIZEDIODINE14FEEDBACKDETECTOROCESSINGPOSITIONEDABBEISAACTSINTHEPITCHBEAMS,SIDESEPAIRPARALLELATTACHEDTHEMEASURESINROTATINGINTERFEROMETERMEASUREMENT,1226BE27MACHINECONCEPTUALFOLLOTITOTHEFUNCTIONSANINMATERIALS,ASSEMBLYSCHEDULE,OFCOMPETITIWILLFOLLOVMOSTSEAREYSIS,ANALYSISANDTODESIGNPLANSTAGECONTROLLERANDCOMPLETEDORDERANDETCTECHNIQUESPROCESS3ADEMONSTRATINGTOOLS31XLUOETAL/JOURNALOFMATERIALSPRINTHEXANDZDIRECTIONSINORDERTOSATISFYSPRINCIPLE,THELASERINTERFEROMETERSHOWNINFIG3USEDFORTHETOOLPOSITIONCONTROLFORTHEXDIRECTION,PAIROFSTRAIGHTEDGES,ONEONEACHSIDEOFTHETOOLBAR,ASTHEKINEMATICREFERENCETOMEASURETHEPOSITIONTHEXDIRECTION,TWOBEAMSAREDIRECTEDAGAINSTEACHOFSTRAIGHTEDGESIEATOTALOFFOURBEAMSTHETOOLBARSANGLEERRORISCORRECTEDUSINGTHEUPPERANDLOWERLASERWHILETHEMEANVALUEOFTHEMEASUREMENTSFROMBOTHISUSEDTOELIMINATEERRORSCAUSEDBYAXISYMMETRICXPANSIONOFTHEFRAME12FORMEASUREMENTSINTHEZDIRECTIONTHETOOLSHEIGHT,AOFLASERBEAMSISDIRECTEDAGAINSTAPAIROFSTRAIGHTEDGESTOTHETABLESASTHEKINEMATICREFERENCEWITHAMIRRORTOTHEBOTTOMFACEOFTHETOOLBARTOGETASCLOSETOTOOLTIPASPOSSIBLE,ATHIRDLASERBEAMINTHEZDIRECTIONTHETOOLSPOSITIONTHEEARLIERPAIROFLASERBEAMSTHEZDIRECTIONISUSEDTOELIMINATEERRORSOFTHETOOLBARABOUTTHEXAXIS12INADDITIONTOINCORPORATINGABBESPRINCIPLE,THISLASERHASANOTHERSPECIALDESIGNFORHIGHPRECISIONIETHELASERBEAMCONDUITSCONTAINAVACUUMMAINFEATURESOFULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLSTHEMAINFEATURESOFANULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLCANCLASSIFIEDASMACHINETOOLSTRUCTUREWITHHIGHLOOPSTIFFNESS,HIGHNATURALFREQUENCYANDGOODDAMPINGCHARACTERISTICSHIGHTHERMALANDMECHANICALSTABILITYLOWVIBRATIONSHIGHPRECISIONAXISOFMOTIONHIGHPRECISIONCONTROLDESIGNPROCESSFORANULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLASILLUSTRATEDINFIG4THEDESIGNOFANULTRAPRECISIONTOOLREQUIRESFIVEBASICSTEPSTASKDEFINITION,DESIGN,LAYOUTDESIGN,DETAILDESIGNANDDESIGNWUP4,ALBEITTHEFULLDESIGNPROCESSISALWAYSITERAVE,PARALLEL,NONLINEAR,MULTIDISCIPLINARYANDOPENENDEDANYINNOVATIVEANDRATIONALIDEASANDIMPROVEMENTSPURPOSEOFTASKDEFINITIONISTODETERMINETHEMACHINEANDSPECIFICATIONSTHEFUNCTIONALREQUIREMENTSOFULTRAPRECISIONMACHINEMAYADDRESSTHECONSIDERATIONSGEOMETRIC,KINEMATICS,DYNAMICS,POWERREQUIREMENT,SENSORANDCONTROL,SAFETY,ERGNOMICS,PRODUCTION,QUALITYCONTROL,TRANSPORT,MAINTENANCES,COSTANDETCINTHISSTAGEITNEEDSTOPERFORMASSESSMENTTHESTATEOFTHEARTTECHNOLOGYTOMAKETHEDESIGNMOREVEANDTHECOSTREASONABLETHEFINALSPECIFICATIONSBEDETERMINEDAFTERSEVERALSPECIFICATIONITERATIONSTHEWINGCONCEPTUALDESIGNISVERYIMPORTANTFORTHEINNOATIONOFTHEMACHINEDESIGNBRAINSTORMINGISTHEMETHODESTABLISHEDOFUPL350MACHINESNANOFORMRATIONASMOCUTTINGBOTHTOIMPROHIGHMOTORSHEADLE14OPTICS,INDUSTRIESSENANOMETRESSYSTEMGRINDINGSUCHTECHNOLOGY1672005515528519OFTENTHOUGHTOFFORGENERATINGCONCEPTDESIGN4VERALDESIGNSCHEMESMAYBEPROPOSEDINTHISSTAGE,WHICHFOLLOWEDBYKINEMATICSANALYSIS,THERMOMECHANICANALSTATICANALYSIS,DYNAMICSANALYSISANDCONTROLSYSTEMTHEANALYSISRESULTS,TOGETHERWITHERRORBUDGETCOSTESTIMATION,WILLBEUSEDTOCHECKTHECONFORMANCETHEMACHINESSPECIFICATIONSANDFINALLYCHOOSETHEBESTSCHEMEONCEACONCEPTUALDESIGNISFINISHEDADESIGNCANBEFORMULATEDFORDETAILDESIGNINDETAILEDDESIGNITWILLFINISHTHEDESIGNOFMECHANICALSYSTEMDESIGN,SENSORANDELECTRONICSYSTEM,ELECTRICAL,HYDRAULICPNEUMATICSUPPORTSYSTEMAFTERTHEDETAILEDDESIGNISTHEREISSTILLMUCHWORKTHATNEEDSTOBEDONEINTOMAKETHEDESIGNSUCCESSFUL,INCLUDINGDEVELOPATESTUSERSUPPORTPROGRAM,UPDATEDESIGNANDDOCUMENTS,4THEAPPLICATIONNEEDSANDTOOLINGANDPROCESSINGAPPLIEDARECONSTANTLYTHEINPUTSTOTHEDESIGNCURRENTULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLSTHISSECTIONWILLBRIEFLYINTRODUCESEVERALCOMMERCIALLYVAILABLETYPICALULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLSINTHELIGHTOFTHESTATEOFTHEARTOFULTRAPRECISIONMACHINEAPPLIEDINTHEINDUSTRYDIAMONDTURNINGMACHINESSINGLEPOINTDIAMONDTURNINGHASLONGBEENAWELLTECHNOLOGYFORTHEFABRICATIONOFAWIDERANGENONFERROUSMETALS,CRYSTALSANDPOLYMERSNANOTCH350MOORENANOTECHNOLOGYSYSTEMLTDANDNANOFORMPRECISTECHLTDARETWOWIDELYUSEDDIAMONDTURNINGWITH350MMOFSWINGCAPABILITYHERE,ITTAKES350UPLASANEXAMPLETOEXPLAINITSCONFIGUTHISTWOAXISULTRAPRECISIONLATHEISCHARACTERIZED“T”AXISCONFIGURATIONASSHOWNINFIG5THEXSLIDEVESSPINDLEBOXALONGXDIRECTION,WHILEDIAMONDTOOLISMOVEDALONGZDIRECTIONBYZSLIDE13SLIDESAREBUILTONTHEMACHINEBASEANDVERTICALEACHOTHERTHEYAREALSOINTHESAMEHEIGHTSOASTOVEMOTIONACCURACYNANOTECH350UPLEMPLOYSSTIFFNESSHYDROSTATICSLIDEWAYS,STATEOFTHEARTLINEARWITHSINUSOIDALDRIVEAMPLIFIERSANDA6000RPMVYDUTYGROOVECOMPENSATEDAIRBEARINGWORKSPINWITHLIQUIDCOOLINGFORLONGTERMTHERMALSTABILITYWITHNANOTECH350UPLCOMPONENTSUSEDINTHEELECTROAEROSPACE,CONSUMERELECTRONICSANDCOMPUTERCANBEMACHINEDWITHGOODSURFACEFINISHINVERALNANOMETRESANDHIGHFORMACCURACYINTENSOFNANOTECH350UPLHASOPTIONALGRINDINGFORMICROGRINDINGOPTICALCOMPONENTSANDDIRECTOFLENSMOLDSINNONDIAMONDMACHINABLEMATERIALSASMETALSANDCERAMICS52032DIAMONDMATERIALSPOLYMERSNOLOGYMACHINECALSHAPESENLINEARAXISZISLOXLUOETAL/JOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGFIG4DESIGNPROCEDURESDIAMONDGRINDINGMACHINESDIAMONDGRINDINGALLOWSACCESSTOMOREMATERIALSTHANTURNINGITISCAPABLEOFFABRICATIONOFARANGEOFINCLUDINGOPTICALGLASS,CRYSTALS,FERROUSMETALS,ANDCERAMICSNANOTECH500FGMOORENANOTECHSYSTEMLTDISATYPICALMULTIAXISDIAMONDGRINDINGITISCAPABLEOFGENERATINGARBITRARYCONFORMALOPTISURFACEINCLUDINGNONSPHERICALANDNONAXISYMMETRICWITHINA250MM250MM300MMMACHININGVELOPEASSHOWNINFIG6,NANOTECH500FGHASTHREEAXESTHEYARETHEINDEPENDENTLYMOUNTEDXANDZWITHA“T”CONFIGURATIONANDYAXISMOUNTEDINTEGRALTOAXISTOELIMINATE“STACKED”AXESTHESLIDEWAYSSTIFFNESS350N/H9262MTHEMOTIONACCURACYOFWORKSPINDLEISWERTHAN50NMROTARYTABLEBAXISISUSEDTOCARRYTHEWITHOPERATIONSWITHASCAL,LENSESPOLYGONSGRINDINGSPACERECENTLYCONTEROFTECHNOLOGY1672005515528GRINDINGSPINDLEWHENREPLACINGTHEGRINDINGSPINDLEADIAMONDTOOL,THEMACHINEISALSOCAPABLEOFTURNING15NANOTECH500FGISCAPABLEOFGENERATINGCOMPONENTSNONAXISYMMETRICANDAXISYMMETRICGEOMETRICS,SUCHCONFORMALOPTICSWITHSPHERICAL,ASPHERICS,CYLINDRICONICALGEOMETRIESLENSESANDMOULDINSERTSFTHETAASPHERICLENSESANDMIRRORSDIFFRACTIVEELEMENTANDPRISMS15TOPURSUEAMORERIGIDITYSTRUCTUREANULTRAPRECISIONMACHINEPICOACEMACHINEWITHNOVELPYRAMIDALFRAMESTRUCTUREWASCOMMISSIONEDBYLOADPOINTLTDPICOACEISSUITABLEFORTRAVERSEGRINDINGOFFLATORVEXWORKSURFACESUPTOAMAXIMUMOF305MMDIAMEORPLUNGEGRINDINGOFFLATSURFACESTOAMAXIMUMDIAMETER200MMTHEGENERALARRANGEMENTOFPICOACEISSHOWNOCESSINGINGRINDINGMOUNTEDFORMBASETOCENTRALLYTHESTRUCTUREVINLOMATERIALS33CONTROLLEDXLUOETAL/JOURNALOFMATERIALSPRFIG5NANOTECH350UPLFIG716,THEPRINCIPALMACHINEELEMENTSCUPWHEELSPINDLE,ROTARYWORKTABLE,XANDZSLIDEWAYSAREINACLOSEDLOOPSTRUCTURETHESTRUCTURETAKESTHEOFAPYRAMIDSHAPEFRAMEFIXEDTOASOLIDRECTANGULARTHECUPWHEELSPINDLEHASAVERTICALAXISANDISARRANGEDSLIDEUPANDDOWNINACYLINDRICALZSLIDEWAYPOSITIONEDOVERTHEBASEDIRECTLYBENEATHTHEWHEELSPINDLEISROTARYTABLEMOUNTEDONTHEXSLIDWAYWITHTHISNOVELTHESTATICLOOPSTIFFNESSOFPICOACEIS100N/H9262MINERTICALDIRECTIONHIGHMOTIONRESOLUTIONOF1NMISACHIEVEDZA
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