外文翻译--计算机与工业机器人.doc

ComputerandIndustrialRobotsThereareavarietyofdefinitionsofthetermrobotDependingonthedefinitionused，thenumberofrobotinstallationsworldwidevarieswidelyNumeroussingle-purposemachinesareusedinmanufacturingplantsthatmightappeartoberobotsThesemachinesarehardwiredtoperformasinglefunctionandcannotberepogrammedtoperformadifferentfunctionSuchsingle-purposemachinesdonotfitthedefinitionforindustrialrobotsthatisbecomingwidelyacceptedThisdefinitionwasdeveloper)bytheRobotInstituteofAmerica：Arobotisareprogrammablemultifunctionalmanipulatordesignedtomovematerial,parts，tools，orspecializeddevicesthroughvariableprogrammedmotionsfortheperformanceofavarietyoftasksNotethatthisdefinitioncontainsthewordsrepmuammableisthesetwocharacteristicsthatseparatethetrueindustrialrobotfromthevarioussingle-purposemachinesusedinmodernmanufacturingfirmsThetermreprogrammableimpliestwothings：Therobotoperatesaccordingtoawrittenprogram，andthisprogramcanberewrittentoaccommodateavarietyofmanufacturingtasksTheterm“multifunctional”meansthattherobotcan，throughreprogrammingandtheuseofdifferentend-effectors，performanumberofdifferentmanufacturingtasksDefinitionswrittenaroundthesetwocriticalcharacteristics.becomingtheaccepteddefinitionsamongmanufacturingprofessionalsThefirstarticulatedarmcameaboutin1951andwasusedbytheUS.AtomicEnergyCommissionIn1954，thefirstprogrammablerobotwasdesignedbyGeorgeDevol.Itwasbasedontwoimportanttechnologies:（1）Numericalcontrol（NC)technology（2)RemotemanipulatortechnologyNumericalcontroltechnologyprovidedaformofmachinecontrolideallysuitedtorobotsItallowedforthecontrolofmotionbystoredprograms.Theseprogramscontaindatapointstowhichtherobotsequentiallymoves，timingsignalstoinitiateactionandtostopmovement，andlogicstatementstoallowfordecisionmakingRemotemanipulatortechnologyallowedamachinetobemorethanjustanotherNCmachineItallowedsuchmachinestobecomerobotsthatcanperformavarietyofmanufacturingtasksinbothinaccessibleandunsafeenvironmentsBymergingthesetwotechnologies，Devoldevelopedthefirstindustrialrobot，anunsophisticatedprogrammablematerialshandlingmachineThefirstcommerciallyproducedrobotwasdevelopedin1959.In1962，thefirstindustrialrobottobeusedonaproductionlinewasinstalledbyGeieralMotorsCorporation，ThisrobotwasproducedbyUnimation.Amajorstepforwardinrobotcontroloccurredin1973withthedevelopmentoftheT-3industrialrobotbyCincinnatiMilacronTheT-3robotwasthefirstcommerciallyproducedindustrialrobotcontrolledbyaminicomputer.Numericalcontrolandremotemanipulatortechnologypromptedthewide-scaledevelopmentanduseofindustrialrobotsButmajortechnologicaldevelopmentsdonottakeplacesimplybecauseofsuchnewcapabilities.SomethingmustprovidetheimpetusfortakingadvantageofthesecapabilitiesInthecaseofindustrialrobots，theimpetuswaseconomics.Therapidinflationofwagesexperiencedinthe1970stremendouslyincreasedthepersonnelcostsofmanufacturingfirmsAtthesametime，foreigncompetitionbecameaseriousproblemforUSmanufacturersForeignmanufacturer；whohadundertakenautomationonawide-scalebasis，suchasthoseinJapan，begantogainanincreasinglylargeshareoftheUSandworldmarketformanufacturedgoods，particularlyautomobiles.Zhruughavarietyofautomationtechniques，includingrobots，Japanesemanufacturers,beginninginthe1970s，wereabletoproducebetterautomobilesmorecheaplythannonatomatedUSmanufacturersConsequently，inordertosurvive，USmanufacturerswereforcedtoconsideranytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatcouldhelpimproveproductivityItbecameimperativetoproducebetterproductsatlowercostsinordertobecompetitivewithforeignmanufacturersOtherfactorssuchastheneedtofindbetterwaysofperformingdangerousmanufacturingtaskscontributedtothedevelopmentofindustrialrobotsHowever，theprincipalrationalehasalwaysbeen，andisstill，improvedproductivity.OneoftheprincipaladvantagesofrobotsisthattheycanbeusedinsettingsthataredangeroustohumansWeldingandpartingareexamplesofapplicationswhererobotscanbeusedmoresafelythanhumansEventhoughrobotsarecloselyassociatedwithsafetyintheworkplace，theycan，inthemselves，bedangerousRobotsandrobotcellsmustbecarefullydesignedandconfiguredsothattheydonotendangerhumanworkersandothermachinesRobotworkenvelopesshouldbeaccuratelycalculatedandadangerzonesurroundingtheenvelopeclearlymarkedoff.RedflooringstripsandbarrierscanbeusedtokeephumanworkersoutofarobotsworkenvelopeEvenwithsuchprecautionsitisstillagoodideatohaveanautomaticshutdownsysteminsituationswhererobotsareusedSuchasystemshouldhavethecapacitytosensetheneedforanautomaticshutdownofoperationsFault-tolerantcomputersandredundantsystemscanbeinstalledtoensurepropershutdownofroboticssystemstoensureasafeenvironmentManufacturingintothecomputeristheinformationage.Thecomputerhaslongbeeninthebusinessandmanagementhavetoawiderangeofapplications,itisasanewtoolintothefactories,butasthesteamengineinitMorethan200yearsagotomakechangesinthemanufacturingsector,asarechangestakingplaceinmanufacturing.Althoughthebasicmetal-cuttingprocessisunlikelytochangefundamentally,buttheirformoforganizationandthecontrolisboundtochange.Inonerespectcanbesaidthatthemanufacturingsectorintheprocessofcompletingacycle.FirsthandthemanufacturingindustryisthefamilyIndustry:thedesignersarethemselvesproducers,productideasandthecompletionofprocessingbythesameperson.Subsequently,theformationofthepartsOverviewoftheinterchangeabilityofthisblog,productionhasbeendividedinaccordancewithprofessionalfeaturesandtextcanbeproducedinbatchesofthousandsofthesameparts.Today,despitethedesignerandthemanufacturerisnolongerthesameperson,butforwardtotheintegratedmanufacturingsystemWay,thesetwofunctionshavebecomeincreasinglycloser.Mayhave,ironically,ahighdegreeofdiversificationinthemarketdemandfortheproducts,manufacturingmustbeincreaseproductivityandreducecosts.Demandedbyconsumerswithlessmoneytobuyhigh-qualityanddiversifiedproducts.Computerisrequiredtomeetthesekeyfactors.Itisabletoproviderapidresponsecapability,flexibilityandtomeettheonlytoolforthediversificationofthemarket.Moreover,itistherealizationofintegratedmanufacturingsystemneedtocarryoutdetailedanalysisandtheuseofaccuratedata,theonlytool.Computermaybeinthefutureisabasicconditionforbusinesssurvival,manyoftodaysenterpriseswillbeHealthHigherproductioncapacitytoreplacethecorporateportfolio.HigherproductioncapacityoftheseenterprisesareofgreatcombinationsHighquality,veryhighproductivityoftheplant.Objectiveistodesignandoperationofahighproductivityoftheside100%ofqualifiedproductionplantproducts.Auseofadvancedtechnology,competitiveworldistopromotethemanufacturingsectorbegantodomoretotheiruseofadvancedtechnology.Inordertoadapttocompetition,acompanywillmeeteachothertosomeextent,spearShieldsrequest,suchasproductdiversification,improvedquality,increasedproductivity,lowerprices.IntheireffortstomeettheseThecourserequirements,thecompanyneededatoolfortheuseofadvancedtechnology,acustomerneedstomakeRapidresponse,andresourcesfromthemanufacturingoftoolstomaximizerevenue.Computeristhetool.Becomeaveryhighquality,veryhighproductivity,thefactories,theneedforaverycomplexmiscellaneousintegratedsystem.Itisonlythroughtheuseofthecomputeronallthecomponentsofthemanufacturingindustry-design,Fabrication,assembly,qualityassurance,managementandmaterialhandlingandtransportationtocompleteintegration.计算机与工业机器人有许多关于机器人这个术语的定义。采用不同的定义，全世界各地机器人的数量就会发生很大的变化。在制造工厂中使用的许多单用途机器可能会看起来像机器人。这些机器是硬连线的，用来完成单一的工作。这种单用途的机器不能满足被人们日益广泛接受的关于工业机器人的定义。这个定义是由美国机器人协会提出的：机