液压防爆提升机液压系统设计（全套含CAD图纸）
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液压
防爆
提升
晋升
系统
设计
全套
cad
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英文原文MINEHOISTINGINDEEPSHAFTSINTHE1STHALFOF21STCENTURYALFREDCARBOGNO1KEYWORDSDEEPSHAFT,MINEHOSTING,BLAIRWINDER,ROPESAFETYFACTOR,DRUMSIZING,SKIPFACTORINTRODUCTIONTHEMINERALDEPOSITSAREEXPLOITEDONDEEPERANDDEEPERLEVELSINCONNECTIONWITHTHIS,DEFINITIONSLIKE“DEEPLEVEL”AND“DEEPSHAFT”BECAMEMOREANDMOREPOPULARTHESEDEFINITIONSCONCERNTHEDEPTHWHERESPECIALRULESREGARDINGANEXCAVATIONDRIVING,EXPLOITATION,ROCKPRESSURECONTROL,LININGCONSTRUCTION,VENTILATION,UNDERGROUNDANDVERTICALTRANSPORT,WORKORGANIZATIONANDECONOMICSAPPLYITHASPOINTEDOUTTHATTHE“DEEPLEVEL”ISAVERYRELATIVEDEFINITIONANDSHOULDBEUSEDONLYWITHAREFERENCETOPARTICULARHYDROGEOLOGICAL,MININGANDTECHNICALCONDITIONSINAMINEORCOALFIELDITSHOULDBEALSOSTRICTLYDEFINEDWHATAREAOF“DEEPLEVEL”OR“DEEPSHAFT”DEFINITIONSARECONSIDEREDITCANBEFOREXAMPLEMININGGEOENGINEERING,TECHNOLOGYOFEXCAVATIONDRIVING,VENTILATIONTEMPERATUREITISOBVIOUSTHATTHE“DEEPLEVEL”DEFINEDFROMONEPOINTOFVIEW,NOTNECESSARILYMEANSA“DEEPLEVEL”INANOTHERAREAACCORDINGTO5ASADEEPMINEWECANTREATEACHMINEIFTHEDEPTHISHIGHERTHAN2300MORMINERALDEPOSITTEMPERATUREISHIGHERTHAN38CITISWELLKNOWNTHATTHEMOSTOFDEEPMINESAREINSOUTHAFRICAUSUALLY,THEYAREGOLDORDIAMONDSMINESECONOMICDEPOSITSOFGOLDBEARINGOREAREKNOWNTOEXISTATDEPTHSUPTO5000MINANUMBEROFSOUTHAFRICAREGIONSHOWEVER,DUETOTHEDEPTHANDSTRUCTUREOFTHEREEFINSOMEAREAS,PREVIOUSMETHODSOFREACHINGDEEPERREEFSUSINGSUBVERTICALSHAFTSYSTEMSWOULDNOTBEECONOMICALLYVIABLETHUS,THELOCALMININGINDUSTRYISACTIVELYINVESTIGATINGNEWTECHNIQUESFORASINGLELIFTSHAFTUPTO3500MDEEPINTHENEARFUTUREANDPROBABLYAROUND5000MAFTERWARDSWHENCOMPAREDWITHTHEMAXIMUMLENGTHOFWINDCURRENTLYINOPERATIONOF2500M,ITISAPPARENTTHATSOMESIGNIFICANTINNOVATIONSWILLBEREQUIREDTHEMOSTIMPORTANTMATTERINTHEDEEPMINEISTHEVERTICALTRANSPORTANDTHEMINEHOISTINGUSEDINTHESHAFTFROMTHELITERATURE112RESULTSTHATBMRBLAIRMULTIROPEHOISTISPREFERREDTOBEUSEDINDEEPMINESINSOUTHAFRICAFROMTHEECONOMICPOINTOFVIEW,THEMOSTIMPORTANTFACTORSARECONSTRUCTIONANDPARAMETERSOFWINDINGROPESSAFETYFACTOR,MAINLY,MINEHOISTINGDRUMSCAPACITY,THISARTICLEOFINFORMATIVECHARACTERPRESENTSSHORTLYABOVEMENTIONEDPROBLEMSBASEDONTHELITERATUREDATA112ESPECIALLY,THEPAPERWRITTENBYMEGREENWAYISVERYINTERESTING3FROMTWOTRANSPORTSYSTEMSUSEDINTHEDEEPSHAFT,SUBVERTICALANDTHESINGLELIFTSHAFTSYSTEMS,THESECONDONEISCURRENTLYPREFERREDFIG16HOISTINGINSTALLATIONTHEFRICTIONHOISTUPTO2100M,SINGLEDRUMANDTHEDOUBLEDRUMCLASSICANDBLAIRTYPEDOUBLEDRUMHOISTAREUSEDINDEEPSHAFTSINSOUTHAFRICADRUMWINDERSDRUMWINDERSAREMOSTWIDELYUSEDINSOUTHAFRICAANDPROBABLYINTHEWORLDTHREETYPESOFWINDERSFALLINTOTHISCATEGORYSINGLEDRUMWINDERS,DOUBLEDRUMWINDERS,BLAIRMULTIROPEWINDERSBMRDOUBLEDRUMWINDERSTWODRUMSAREUSEDONASINGLESHAFT,WITHTHEROPESCOILEDINOPPOSITEDIRECTIONSWITHTHECONVEYANCESBALANCINGEACHOTHERONEORBOTHDRUMSARECLUTCHEDTOTHESHAFTENABLINGTHERELATIVESHAFTPOSITIONOFTHECONVEYANCESTOBECHANGEDANDPERMITTINGTHEBALANCEDHOISTINGFROMMULTIPLELEVELSTHEBLAIRMULTIROPESYSTEMBMRIN1957ROBERTBLAIRINTRODUCEDASYSTEMWHEREBYTHEADVANTAGEOFTHEDRUMWINDERCOULDBEEXTENDEDTOTWOORMOREROPESTHETWOROPESYSTEMDEVELOPEDINCORPORATEDATWOCOMPARTMENTDRUMWITHAROPEPERCOMPARTMENTANDTWOROPESATTACHEDTOASINGLECONVEYANCEHEALSODEVELOPEDAROPETENSIONCOMPENSATINGPULLEYTOBEATTACHEDTOTHECONVEYANCETHEDEPARTMENTOFMINESALLOWEDTHESTATUTORYFACTOROFSAFETYFORHOISTINGMINERALSTOBE4,275INSTEADOF4,5PROVIDEDTHECAPACITYFACTORINEITHERROPEDIDNOTFALLBELOWTHESTATUTORYFACTOROF9THISNECESSITATEDTHEUSEOFSOMEFORMOFCOMPENSATIONTOENSUREANEQUITABLEDISTRIBUTIONOFLOADBETWEENTHETWOROPESBECAUSETHEPULLEYCOMPENSATIONISLIMITED,BLAIRALSODEVELOPEDADEVICETODETECTTHEMISCALLINGONTHEDRUM,ASTHISCOULDCAUSETHEROPESTOMOVEATDIFFERENTSPEEDSANDSOAFFECTTHEIRLOADSHARINGCAPABILITYFIG2SHOWSTHEDEPTHPAYLOADCHARACTERISTICSOFDOUBLEDRUM,BMRANDKOEPEWINDERSTHEBMRHOISTISUSEDALMOSTEXCLUSIVELYINSOUTHAFRICA,PROBABLYBECAUSETHEYWEREINVENTEDTHERE,PARTICULARLYFORTHEDEEPSHAFTUSETHEREISONEINSTALLATIONINENGLANDBECAUSEOFTHISHOISTSPHYSICALCHARACTERISTICS,ANDSOUTHAFRICANMININGRULESFAVOURINGITINONERESPECT,THEYAREUSEDMOSTLYFORTHEDEEPSHAFTMINERALHOISTINGTHEDRUMDIAMETERSARESMALLERTHANTHATOFANEQUIVALENTCONVENTIONALHOIST,SOONEADVANTAGEISTHATTHEYAREMOREEASILYTAKENUNDERGROUNDFORSUBSHAFTINSTALLATIONSABLAIRHOISTISESSENTIALLYACONVENTIONALHOISTWITHWIDERDRUMS,EACHDRUMHAVINGACENTREFLANGETHATENABLESITTOCOILTWOROPESATTACHEDTOASKIPVIATWOHEADSHEAVESTHESKIPCONNECTIONHASABALANCEWHEEL,SIMILARTOALARGEMULTIGROOVEVBELTSHEAVE,TOALLOWMODERATEROPELENGTHCHANGESDURINGWINDINGTHESHEAVESCANRAISEORLOWERTOEQUALIZEROPETENSIONSTHEBLAIRHOISTSPHYSICALADVANTAGEISTHATTHEDRUMDIAMETERCANBESMALLERTHANUSUALAND,WITHTWOROPESTOHANDLETHELOAD,EACHROPECANBEMUCHSMALLERTHEGOVERNMENTMININGREGULATIONSPERMITA5LOWERSAFETYFACTORATTHESHEAVEFORMINERALHOISTINGWITHBLAIRHOISTSTHISCAMEABOUTFROMADEMONSTRATIONBYTHEPERMITSTHEBLAIRHOISTSTOGOALITTLEDEEPERTHANTHEOTHERDOONTHEOTHERHAND,THEMININGREGULATIONSREQUIREADETACHINGHOOKABOVETHECAGEFORMANHOISTINGTHEBALANCEWHEELDOESNOTSUITDETACHINGHOOKS,SOAROPECUTTINGDEVICEWASINVENTEDTOCUTTHEROPESOFFFORASEVEREOVERWINDTHISWASTESTEDSUCCESSFULLYBUTTHEBLAIRISNOTUSEDFORMANWINDINGONAREGULARBASISTHEBMRHOISTHASBEENBUILTINTHREEGENERALSTYLESSIMILARTOCONVENTIONALHOISTSTHETHREESTYLESAREFIG3AND4THEGEARLESSBMRHOISTATEASTDREIFONTEINLOOKSSIMILARTOANINLINEHOISTEXCEPTTHATTHEDRUMSAREJOINEDMECHANICALLYANDTHEYAREALITTLEOUTOFLINEWITHEACHOTHERTHISISBECAUSEEACHDRUMDIRECTLYFACESITSOWNSHEAVESFORTHEBESTFLEETANGLETHETWOHOISTMOTORSAREFEDVIATHYRISTORRECTIFIER/INVERTERUNITSFROMACOMMON66KVBUSBARTHEMOTORSARETHUSCOUPLEDELECTRICALLYSOTHATTHESKIPSINTHESHAFTRUNINBALANCE,SIMILARTOACONVENTIONALDOUBLEDRUMHOISTEACHMOTORALTERNATESITSACTIONASADCGENERATORORDCMOTOR,EITHERFEEDINGINORTAKINGOUTENERGYFROMTHESYSTEMTHEGEARLESSBLAIRCANBERECOGNIZEDBYTHEOFFSETDRUMSANDTHEFOURBRAKEUNITSASECONDBRAKEISALWAYSAREQUIREMENT,EACHDRUMMUSTHAVETWOBRAKES,BECAUSETHETWODRUMSHAVENOMECHANICALCONNECTIONTOEACHOTHERMOSTRECENTLARGEBMRHOISTSARE427OR457MINDIAMETER,WITH445476MMROPES1INARRIVINGATADRUMSIZETHEFOLLOWINGPARAMETERSHAVEBEENUSEDTHEROPETOBECOILEDINFOURLAYERS,THEROPETREADPRESSUREATTHEMAXIMUMSTATICTENSIONTOBELESSTHAN3,2MPA,THEDRUMTOROPEDIAMETERRATIOD/DTOBEGREATERTHAN127TOALLOWFORAROPESPEEDOF20M/SWITHTHEABOVEANDANEEDTOLIMITTHEAXIALLENGTHOFTHEDRUMS,AROPECOMPARTMENTOF8,5MDIAMETERBY2,8MWIDE,WASCHOSENTHEUSEOF5LAYERSOFCOILEDROPECOULDREDUCETHEROPECOMPARTMENTWIDTHTO2,15MBUTTHISOPTIONHASBEENDISCARDEDATTHISSTAGEBECAUSEOFPOSSIBLEDETRIMENTALEFFECTSONTHEROPELIFEONEPROBLEMOFTENASSOCIATEDWITHTWINROPEDRUMHOISTSISTHEROPEFLEETINGANGLETHEAXIALLENGTHOFTHETWINROPECOMPARTMENTDRUMSREQUIRESWIDECENTRESFORTHEHEADGEARSHEAVESANDCONVEYANCESINTHESHAFTTOLIMITTHEDIAMETEROFTHESHAFT,THEARRANGEMENTILLUSTRATEDINFIG4HASBEENDEVELOPEDANDUSEDONAHOISTSTILLTOBEINSTALLEDHERE,ANUNIVERSALCOUPLINGORHOOKESJOINTHASBEENPLACEDBETWEENTHETWODRUMSTOALLOWTHEDRUMSTOBEINCLINEDTOWARDSTHESHAFTCENTERANDSOALLEVIATEROPEFLEETINGANGLEPROBLEM,EVENWITHSHEAVEWHEELSATCLOSERCENTRES11THEROPESAFETYFACTORTHEGRAPHSINFIG5ILLUSTRATETHEENDLOADADVANTAGEWITHREDUCINGSTATICROPESAFETYFACTORSWHILESERVINGTHEIRPURPOSEVERYWELLOVERTHEYEARS,THESTATICSAFETYFACTORITSELFMUSTNOWBEQUESTIONEDSTATICSAFETYFACTORS,WHILESPECIFICALLYRELATINGTOTHESTATICLOADINTHEROPEWEREINFACTESTABLISHEDTOTAKEACCOUNTOFADYNAMICROPELOADSAPPLIEDDURINGTHENORMALWINDINGCYCLE,PARTICULARLYDURINGLOADING,PULLAWAY,ACCELERATION,RETARDATIONANDSTOPPING,BDYNAMICROPELOADSDURINGEMERGENCYBRAKING,CROPEDETERIORATIONINSERVICEPARTICULARLYWHERETHISISOFANUNEXPECTEDORUNFORESEENNATUREIFPEAKLOADSONTHEROPECANBEREDUCEDSOTHATTHEPEAKREMAINSEQUALTOORLESSTHANTHATEXPERIENCEDBYTHEROPEWHENUSINGCURRENTHOISTINGPRACTICESWITHNORMALSTATICROPESAFETYFACTOR,THEUSEOFAREDUCEDSTATICROPESAFETYFACTORCANBEJUSTIFIEDTHETRUEROPESAFETYFACTORISNOTREDUCEDATALLTHISISPARTICULARLYOFIMPORTANCEDURINGEMERGENCYBRAKINGWHICHNORMALLYIMPOSESTHEHIGHESTDYNAMICLOADONTHEROPEGENERALLY,THEDYNAMICLOADSIMPOSEDDURINGTHESKIPLOADING,CYCLICSPEEDCHANGESANDTIPPINGWILLBELOWERTHANFOREMERGENCYBRAKINGBUTTHEIRREDUCTIONWILLOFCOURSEIMPROVETHEROPELIFEATTHEREDUCEDSTATICROPESAFETYFACTORTHEMEANS,JUSTIFICATIONANDSAFEGUARDSASSOCIATEDWITHAREDUCEDSTATICSAFETYFACTORAREDISCUSSEDIN4,7,9,12BASEDONTHESTATICROPESAFETYFACTOROF4,THEROPEENDLOADOF12843KGPERROPECANBEACHIEVEDWITHTWINROPES,THISAMOUNTSTOANENDLOADOF25686KGWITHACONVEYANCEBASEDON40OFPAYLOADOF18347KGWITHACONVEYANCEOF7339KGTHEREAREHOISTINGROPESOFSTEELWIRESSTRENGTHUPTORM2300MPARMUPTO2600MPA6ISFORESEENUSEDINDEEPSHAFTSTHEREAREALSOUNIFORMSTRENGTHHOISTINGROPESPROJECTED2,8CONVEYANCESTHEWINDINGMACHINESMADEFROMALIGHTALLOYAREUSEDINHOISTINGINSTALLATIONSINDEEPSHAFTSTHESKIPFACTORSHASBEENDEFINEDASTHERATIOOFEMPTYMASSOFTHESKIPINCLUDINGANCILLARYEQUIPMENTSUCHASROPEATTACHMENTS,GUIDEROLLERS,ETCTOTHEPAYLOADMASSIFTHEROPEENDLOADISKEPTCONSTANT,ALOWERSKIPFACTORIMPLIESALARGERPAYLOADINOTHERWORDS,AMOREEFFICIENTSKIPFROMAFUNCTIONALPOINTOFVIEWHOWEVER,THEHIGHERTHEPAYLOADFORTHESAMEROPEENDLOAD,THELARGERTHEOUTOFBALANCELOADIMPLYINGAMOREWINDERPOWERGOINGHANDINHANDWITHTHEHIGHERHOISTINGCAPACITYIF,ONTHEOTHERHAND,THEPAYLOADISFIXED,ALOWERSKIPFACTORIMPLIESALOWERENDLOADANDASMALLERROPEBREAKINGLOADREQUIREMENTUNDERTHESECONDITIONS,ANOUTOFBALANCELOADATTRIBUTABLETOTHEPAYLOADWOULDREMAINTHESAME,BUTTHATDUETOTHEROPEWOULDREDUCESLIGHTLYTHESENSITIVITYOFDEPTHOFWINDANDHOISTINGCAPACITYTOSKIPTHEFACTORISILLUSTRATEDINFIG6AND7AREDUCTIONOFSKIPFACTORFROM0,5TO0,4RESULTSINADEPTHGAINOFABOUT40MFORBLAIRWINDERSAND50MFORSINGLEROPEWINDERSTHEINCREASEOFHOISTINGCAPACITYFORAREDUCTIONOFSKIPFACTORBYABOUT0,1ISABOUT10TYPICALVALUESFORTHE“SKIPFACTOR”AREABOUT0,6FORSKIPSANDABOUT0,75FORCAGESFORMENANDMATERIALHOISTINGREDUCINGSKIPFACTORSTOSAYABOUT0,5ISATOUGHDESIGNBRIEFANDTHETRADEOFFSBETWEENLIGHTWEIGHTSKIPSANDMAINTAINABILITYANDRELIABILITYSOONBECOMEEVIDENTINSERVICETHEWEIGHTCANBEREADILYREDUCEDBYOMITTINGORREDUCINGINTHICKNESSSKIPLINERPLATESBUTTHISCOULDREDUCESKIPLIFEBYWEAROFSTRUCTURALPLATELEADINGTOTHEHIGHMAINTENANCECOSTORMOREFREQUENTMAINTENANCETOREPLACETHINNERLINERPLATESSIMILARLY,IFTHESTRUCTURALMASSISSAVEDBYREDUCINGSECTIONSIZESORCHANGINGTHEMATERIALFROMSTEELTOALUMINIUMFOREXAMPLE,THESTRUCTURALRELIABILITYISGENERALLYREDUCEDANDTHEFATIGUECRACKINGBECOMESMOREEFFICIENTSOMESUCCESSHASBEENACHIEVEDINOPERATINGLARGECAPACITYALLALUMINIUMSKIPSWITHLOWSKIPFACTORSBUTTHECAPITALCOST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要的，每个滚筒必须有两个刹车，因为两个滚筒之间没有机械连接。大部分最新的布莱尔提升机直径达到427或者457米，附带有直径达445至476毫米的钢丝绳。在达到滚筒的尺寸方面，以下的参数已经被采用钢丝绳被缠绕成四层,钢丝绳的最大静态压力要小于32兆帕,滚筒与钢丝绳的直径比（大径比小径）要大于127，以保证钢丝绳的速度达到20米/秒。综上所述为限制滚筒的轴的长度的需要，钢丝绳减速箱的尺寸选择为直径85米、宽28米。5层缠绕的钢丝绳的利用可以使钢丝绳间隔间的宽度减少到215米，但是这种想法在此阶段已经被放弃，是因为它们可能对钢丝绳的寿命有负面影响。经常与双绳滚筒提升机有关的一个问题是钢丝绳的短暂角度双绳间隔间滚筒的轴长为了提升机能够在矿井中顺利的运输，需要宽敞的中心区。为了限制井的直径，在图4中安排的插图直到提升
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