翻译文献-java applet 基础

外文原文JAVAAPPLETBASICSBYLAURALEMAYMUCHOFJAVASCURRENTPOPULARITYHASCOMEABOUTBECAUSEOFJAVACAPABLEWORLDWIDEWEBBROWSERSANDTHEIRSUPPORTFORAPPLETSSMALLPROGRAMSTHATRUNINSIDEAWEBPAGEANDCANBEUSEDTOCREATEDYNAMIC,INTERACTIVEWEBDESIGNSAPPLETS,ASINOTEDATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHISBOOK,AREWRITTENINTHEJAVALANGUAGE,ANDCANBEVIEWEDINANYBROWSERTHATSUPPORTSJAVA,INCLUDINGSUNSHOTJAVAANDNETSCAPESNAVIGATOR20LEARNINGHOWTOCREATEAPPLETSISMOSTLIKELYTHEREASONYOUBOUGHTTHISBOOK,SOLETSWASTENOMORETIMELASTWEEK,YOUFOCUSEDONLEARNINGABOUTTHEJAVALANGUAGEITSELF,ANDMOSTOFTHELITTLEPROGRAMSYOUCREATEDWEREJAVAAPPLICATIONSTHISWEEK,NOWTHATYOUHAVETHEBASICSDOWN,YOUMOVEONTOCREATINGANDUSINGAPPLETS,WHICHINCLUDESADISCUSSIONOFMANYOFTHECLASSESINTHESTANDARDJAVACLASSLIBRARYTODAY,YOULLSTARTWITHTHEBASICS1ASMALLREVIEWOFDIFFERENCESBETWEENJAVAAPPLETSANDAPPLICATIONS2GETTINGSTARTEDWITHAPPLETSTHEBASICSOFHOWANAPPLETWORKSANDHOWTOCREATEYOUROWNSIMPLEAPPLETSTAG,INCLUDINGTHEVARIOUS3INCLUDINGANAPPLETONAWEBPAGEBYUSINGTHEFEATURESOFTHATTAG4PASSINGPARAMETERSTOAPPLETSHOWAPPLETSANDAPPLICATIONSAREDIFFERENTALTHOUGHYOUEXPLOREDTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENJAVAAPPLICATIONSANDJAVAAPPLETSINTHEEARLYPARTOFTHISBOOK,LETSREVIEWTHEMINSHORT,JAVAAPPLICATIONSARESTANDALONEJAVAPROGRAMSTHATCANBERUNBYUSINGJUSTTHEJAVAINTERPRETER,FOREXAMPLE,FROMACOMMANDLINEMOSTEVERYTHINGYOUVEUSEDUPTOTHISPOINTINTHEBOOKHASBEENAJAVAAPPLICATION,ALBEITASIMPLEONEJAVAAPPLETS,HOWEVER,ARERUNFROMINSIDEAWORLDWIDEWEBBROWSERAREFERENCETOANAPPLETISEMBEDDEDINAWEBPAGEUSINGASPECIALHTMLTAGWHENAREADER,USINGAJAVAAWAREBROWSER,LOADSAWEBPAGEWITHANAPPLETINIT,THEBROWSERDOWNLOADSTHATAPPLETFROMAWEBSERVERANDEXECUTESITONTHELOCALSYSTEMTHEONETHEBROWSERISRUNNINGONBECAUSEJAVAAPPLETSRUNINSIDETHEJAVABROWSER,THEYHAVEACCESSTOTHESAMECAPABILITIESTHATTHEBROWSERHASSOPHISTICATEDGRAPHICS,DRAWING,ANDIMAGEPROCESSINGPACKAGESUSERINTERFACEELEMENTSNETWORKINGANDEVENTHANDLINGJAVAAPPLICATIONSCANALSOTAKEADVANTAGEOFTHESEFEATURES,BUTTHEYDONTREQUIRETHEMYOULLLEARNHOWTOCREATEJAVAAPPLICATIONSTHATUSEAPPLETLIKEGRAPHICSANDUIFEATURESONDAY14THEADVANTAGESAPPLETSHAVEOVERAPPLICATIONSINTERMSOFGRAPHICSANDUICAPABILITIES,HOWEVER,AREHAMPEREDBYRESTRICTIONSONWHATAPPLETSCANDOGIVENTHEFACTTHATJAVAAPPLETSCANBEDOWNLOADEDFROMANYWHEREANDRUNONACLIENTSSYSTEM,RESTRICTIONSARENECESSARYTOPREVENTANAPPLETFROMCAUSINGSYSTEMDAMAGEORSECURITYBREACHESWITHOUTTHESERESTRICTIONSINPLACE,JAVAAPPLETSCOULDBEWRITTENTOCONTAINVIRUSESORANHORSESPROGRAMSTHATSEEMFRIENDLYBUTDOSOMESORTOFDAMAGETOTHESYSTEM,ORBEUSEDTOCOMPROMISETHESECURITYOFTHESYSTEMTHATRUNSTHEMTHERESTRICTIONSONWHATANAPPLETCANDOINCLUDETHEFOLLOWINGAPPLETSCANTREADORWRITETOTHEREADERSFILESYSTEM,EXCEPTINSPECIFICDIRECTORIESWHICHAREDEFINEDBYTHEUSERTHROUGHANACCESSCONTROLLISTTHAT,BYDEFAULT,ISEMPTYSOMEBROWSERSMAYNOTEVENALLOWANAPPLETTOREADORWRITETOTHEFILESYSTEMATALLAPPLETSCANTUSUALLYCOMMUNICATEWITHASERVEROTHERTHANTHEONETHATHADORIGINALLYSTOREDTHEAPPLETTHISMAYBECONFIGURABLEBYTHEBROWSERHOWEVER,YOUSHOULDNOTDEPENDONHAVINGTHISBEHAVIORAVAILABLEAPPLETSCANTRUNANYPROGRAMSONTHEREADERSSYSTEMFORUNIXSYSTEMS,THISINCLUDESFORKINGAPROCESSAPPLETSCANTLOADPROGRAMSNATIVETOTHELOCALPLATFORM,INCLUDINGSHAREDLIBRARIESSUCHASDLLSINADDITION,JAVAITSELFINCLUDESVARIOUSFORMSOFSECURITYANDCONSISTENCYCHECKINGINTHEJAVACOMPILERANDINTERPRETERTOPREVENTUNORTHODOXUSEOFTHELANGUAGEYOULLLEARNMOREABOUTTHISONDAY21THISCOMBINATIONOFRESTRICTIONSANDSECURITYFEATURESMAKEITMOREDIFFICULTFORAROGUEJAVAAPPLETTODODAMAGETOTHECLIENTSSYSTEMNOTETHEMOSTIMPORTANTWORDSINTHELASTSENTENCEARE“MOREDIFFICULT”THESERESTRICTIONSCANPREVENTMOSTOFTHEMOREOBVIOUSWAYSOFTRYINGTOCAUSEDAMAGETOACLIENTSSYSTEM,BUTITSIMPOSSIBLETOBEABSOLUTELYSURETHATACLEVERPROGRAMCANNOTSOMEHOWWORKAROUNDTHOSERESTRICTIONSSUNHASASKEDTHENETATLARGETOTRYTOBREAKJAVASSECURITYANDTOCREATEANAPPLETTHATCANWORKAROUNDTHERESTRICTIONSIMPOSEDONITIFAHOLEISFOUND,SUNWILLPATCHITYOULLLEARNABOUTMOREISSUESINJAVASECURITYONDAY21CREATINGAPPLETSFORTHEMOSTPART,ALLTHEJAVAPROGRAMSYOUVECREATEDUPTOTHISPOINTHAVEBEENJAVAMETHODTHATCREATEDOBJECTS,SETINSTANCEAPPLICATIONSSIMPLEPROGRAMSWITHASINGLEVARIABLES,ANDRANMETHODSTODAYANDINTHEDAYSFOLLOWING,YOULLBECREATINGAPPLETSEXCLUSIVELY,SOYOUSHOULDHAVEAGOODGRASPOFHOWANAPPLETWORKS,THESORTSOFFEATURESANAPPLETHAS,ANDWHERETOSTARTWHENYOUFIRSTCREATEYOUROWNAPPLETSWITHOUTFURTHERADO,LETSGETONWITHITINTHEJAVAAPPLETPACKAGETOCREATEANAPPLET,YOUCREATEASUBCLASSOFTHECLASSPROVIDESBEHAVIORTOENABLEYOURAPPLETNOTONLYTOWORKWITHINTHEBROWSERITSELF,BUTALSOTOTAKEADVANTAGEOFTHECAPABILITIESOFAWTTOINCLUDEUIELEMENTS,TOHANDLEMOUSEANDKEYWORDEVENTS,ANDTODRAWTOTHESCREENALTHOUGHYOURAPPLETCANHAVEASMANY“HELPER”CLASSESASITNEEDS,ITSTHEMAINAPPLETCLASSTHATTRIGGERSTHEEXECUTIONOFTHEAPPLETTHATINITIALAPPLETCLASSALWAYSHASASIGNATURELIKETHISNOTETHEKEYWORDJAVAREQUIRESTHATYOURAPPLETSUBCLASSBEDECLAREDAGAIN,THISORASISTRUEONLYOFYOURMAINAPPLETCLASSANYHELPERCLASSESYOUCREATECANBEYOUWISHPUBLIC,PRIVATE,ANDOTHERFORMSOFACCESSCONTROLAREDESCRIBEDONDAY15WHENJAVAENCOUNTERSYOURAPPLETINAWEBPAGE,ITLOADSYOURINITIALAPPLETCLASSOVERTHENETWORK,ASWELLASANYOTHERHELPERCLASSESTHATFIRSTCLASSUSESUNLIKEWITHAPPLICATIONS,WHEREMETHODDIRECTLYONYOURINITIALCLASS,WHENYOURAPPLETISLOADED,JAVACREATESJAVACALLSTHEANINSTANCEOFTHATCLASS,ANDALLTHESYSTEMBASEDMETHODSARESENTTOTHATINSTANCEDIFFERENTAPPLETSONTHESAMEPAGE,ORONDIFFERENTPAGESTHATUSETHESAMECLASS,USEDIFFERENTINSTANCES,SOEACHONECANBEHAVEDIFFERENTLYFROMOTHERAPPLETSRUNNINGONTHESAMESYSTEMMAJORAPPLETACTIVITIESTOCREATEABASICJAVAAPPLICATION,YOURCLASSHASTOHAVEONEMETHOD,WITHASPECIFICISEXECUTED,ANDFROMYOUCANSETSIGNATURETHEN,WHENYOURAPPLICATIONSTARTSUP,UPTHEBEHAVIORTHATYOURPROGRAMSNEEDAPPLETSARESIMILARBUTMORECOMPLICATEDAPPLETSHAVEMANYDIFFERENTACTIVITIESTHATCORRESPONDTOVARIOUSMAJOREVENTSINTHELIFECYCLEOFTHEAPPLETFOREXAMPLE,INITIALIZATION,PAINTING,ORMOUSEEVENTSEACHACTIVITYHASACORRESPONDINGMETHOD,SOWHENANEVENTOCCURS,THEBROWSEROROTHERJAVACAPABLETOOLCALLSTHOSESPECIFICMETHODSBYDEFAULT,NONEOFTHOSEACTIVITYMETHODSHAVEANYDEFINITIONSTOPROVIDEBEHAVIORFORTHOSEEVENTSYOUMUSTOVERRIDETHEAPPROPRIATEMETHODINYOURAPPLETSSUBCLASSYOUDONTHAVETOOVERRIDEALLOFTHEM,OFCOURSEDIFFERENTAPPLETBEHAVIORREQUIRESDIFFERENTMETHODSTOBEOVERRIDDENYOULLLEARNABOUTTHEVARIOUSIMPORTANTMETHODSTOOVERRIDEASTHEWEEKPROGRESSES,BUT,FORAGENERALOVERVIEW,HEREAREFIVEOFTHEMOREIMPORTANTMETHODSINANAPPLETSEXECUTIONINITIALIZATION,STARTING,STOPPING,DESTROYING,ANDPAINTINGINITIALIZATIONINITIALIZATIONOCCURSWHENTHEAPPLETISFIRSTLOADEDORRELOADEDINITIALIZATIONCANINCLUDECREATINGTHEOBJECTSITNEEDS,SETTINGUPANINITIALSTATE,LOADINGIMAGESORFONTS,ORSETTINGPARAMETERSTOPROVIDEBEHAVIORFORTHEINITIALIZATIONOFYOURAPPLET,OVERRIDETHEMETHODSTARTINGAFTERANAPPLETISINITIALIZED,ITISSTARTEDSTARTINGCANALSOOCCURIFTHEAPPLETWASPREVIOUSLYSTOPPEDFOREXAMPLE,ANAPPLETISSTOPPEDIFTHEREADERFOLLOWSALINKTOADIFFERENTPAGE,ANDITISSTARTEDAGAINWHENTHEREADERRETURNSTOTHISPAGENOTETHATSTARTINGCANOCCURSEVERALTIMESDURINGANAPPLETSLIFECYCLE,WHEREASINITIALIZATIONHAPPENSONLYONCETOPROVIDESTARTUPMETHODBEHAVIORFORYOURAPPLET,OVERRIDETHEFUNCTIONALITYTHATYOUPUTINTHEMETHODMIGHTINCLUDESTARTINGUPATHREADTOCONTROLTHEAPPLET,SENDINGTHEAPPROPRIATEMESSAGESTOHELPEROBJECTS,ORINSOMEWAYTELLINGTHEAPPLETTOBEGINRUNNINGYOULLLEARNMOREABOUTSTARTINGAPPLETSONDAY10STOPPINGSTOPPINGANDSTARTINGGOHANDINHANDSTOPPINGOCCURSWHENTHEREADERLEAVESTHEPAGETHATCONTAINSACURRENTLYRUNNINGAPPLETBYDEFAULT,WHENTHEREADERLEAVESAPAGE,THEAPPLET,YOUCANSUSPENDEXECUTIONCONTINUESRUNNING,USINGUPSYSTEMRESOURCESBYOVERRIDINGOFTHEAPPLETANDTHENRESTARTITIFTHEAPPLETISVIEWEDAGAINTOSTOPANAPPLETSEXECUTION,USEMETHODDESTROYINGDESTROYINGSOUNDSMOREVIOLENTTHANITISDESTROYINGENABLESTHEAPPLETTOCLEANUPAFTERITSELFJUSTBEFOREITORTHEBROWSEREXITSFOREXAMPLE,TOKILLANYRUNNINGTHREADSORTORELEASEANYOTHERUNLESSYOUHAVESPECIFICRUNNINGOBJECTSGENERALLY,YOUWONTWANTTOOVERRIDERESOURCESTHATNEEDTOBERELEASEDFOREXAMPLE,THREADSTHATTHEAPPLETHASCREATEDTOPROVIDEMETHODCLEANUPBEHAVIORFORYOURAPPLET,OVERRIDETECHNICALNOTEHOWISDIFFERENTFROM,WHICHWASDESCRIBEDAPPLIESONLYTOAPPLETSISAMOREGENERALONDAY7FIRST,PURPOSEWAYFORASINGLEOBJECTOFANYTYPETOCLEANUPAFTERITSELFISALWAYSCALLEDWHENTHEAPPLETHASFINISHEDTHEOTHERDIFFERENCEISTHATEXECUTING,EITHERBECAUSETHEBROWSERISEXITINGORBECAUSETHEAPPLETISBEINGISNOTGUARANTEEDTOBEEXECUTED。PAINTINGPAINTINGISHOWANAPPLETACTUALLYDRAWSSOMETHINGONTHESCREEN,BEITTEXT,ALINE,ACOLOREDBACKGROUND,ORANIMAGEPAINTINGCANOCCURMANYHUNDREDSOFTIMESDURINGANAPPLETSLIFECYCLEFOREXAMPLE,ONCEAFTERTHEAPPLETISINITIALIZED,IFTHEBROWSERISPLACEDBEHINDANOTHERWINDOWONTHESCREENANDTHENBROUGHTFORWARDAGAIN,IFTHEBROWSERWINDOWISMOVEDTOADIFFERENTPOSITIONONTHESCREEN,ORPERHAPSREPEATEDLYINTHECASEOFANIMATIONSYOUOVERRIDEMETHODFORYOURAPPLETTOHAVEANACTUALAPPEARANCEONTHESCREENTHEMETHODLOOKSLIKETHISNOTETHATUNLIKETHEOTHERMAJORMETHODSINTHISSECTION,TAKESANARGUMENT,ANINSTANCETHISOBJECTISCREATEDANDPASSEDTOBYTHEBROWSER,SOYOUDONTHAVEOFTHECLASSTOWORRYABOUTITHOWEVER,YOUWILLHAVETOMAKESURETHATTHECLASSPARTOFTHESTATEMENTATJAVAAWTPACKAGEGETSIMPORTEDINTOYOURAPPLETCODE,USUALLYTHROUGHANTHETOPOFYOURJAVAFILEASIMPLEAPPLETONDAY2,YOUCREATEDASIMPLEAPPLETCALLEDHELLOAGAINAPPLETTHISWASTHEONEWITHTHEBIGTHERE,YOUCREATEDANDUSEDTHATAPPLETASANEXAMPLEOFCREATINGASUBCLASSREDLETSGOOVERTHECODEFORTHATAPPLETAGAIN,THISTIMELOOKINGATITSLIGHTLYDIFFERENTLYINLIGHTOFTHETHINGSYOUJUSTLEARNEDABOUTAPPLETSLISTING81SHOWSTHECODEFORTHATAPPLETTHISAPPLETOVERRIDES,ONEOFTHEMAJORMETHODSDESCRIBEDINTHEPREVIOUSSECTIONANALYSISBECAUSETHEAPPLETDOESNTACTUALLYEXECUTEALLITDOESISPRINTACOUPLEOFWORDSTOTHEORASCREEN,ANDTHERESNOTREALLYANYTHINGTOINITIALIZE,YOUDONTNEEDAORANMETHODMETHODISWHERETHEREALWORKOFTHISAPPLETWHATLITTLEWORKGOESONREALLYOCCURSTHEOBJECTPASSEDINTOTHEMETHODHOLDSTHATGRAPHICSSTATETHATIS,THECURRENTFEATURESOFTHEDRAWINGSURFACELINES10AND11SETUPTHEDEFAULTFONTANDCOLORFORTHISINSTANCEVARIABLE,ANDANOBJECTREPRESENTINGGRAPHICSSTATEHERE,THEFONTOBJECTHELPINTHECLASSSVARIABLETHECOLORREDTHATSSTOREDINTHELINE12THENDRAWSTHESTRING“HELLO”BYUSINGTHECURRENTFONTANDCOLORATTHEPOSITIONNOTETHATTHEPOINTFORISATTHETOPLEFTOFTHEAPPLETSDRAWINGSURFACE,WITHPOSITIVEMOVINGDOWNWARD,SOISACTUALLYATTHEBOTTOMOFTHEAPPLETFIGURE81SHOWSHOWTHEAPPLETSBOUNDINGBOXANDTHESTRINGAREDRAWNONTHEPAGEINCLUDINGANAPPLETONAWEBPAGEAFTERYOUCREATEACLASSORCLASSESTHATCONTAINYOURAPPLETANDCOMPILETHEMINTOCLASSFILESASYOUWOULDANYOTHERJAVAPROG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