商务英语专业毕业论文-中西商务餐桌礼仪的典型差异、原因及影响

扬州职业大学毕业作业（论文）作业题目ONTHEDIFFERENCESANDINFLUENCESOFCHINESEANDWESTERNBUSINESSTABLEMANNERS系别外国语学院专业商务英语班级09商英（3）班学号0911010304指导教师吴普云完成时间20120514提纲（目录）一前言1二学习中西方餐桌礼仪差异的重要性2三典型的中西方餐桌礼仪31典型中国餐桌礼仪2典型西方餐桌礼仪四中西方餐桌礼仪的典型差异及主要原因分析31待客方式2座次安排3餐具五商务餐桌礼仪在商务活动中的影响61谈判氛围轻松2提高谈判成功率同时加深友谊3有利于将来的发展六结语7七致谢8CONTENTSINTRODUCTION1THEIMPORTANCEOFLEARNINGABOUTTHEDIFFERENCESOFCHINESEANDWESTERNTABLEMANNERS2TYPICALTABLEMANNERSOFCHINAANDWESTERNCOUNTRIES31CHINESETABLEMANNERS2WESTERNTABLEMANNERSTHEREASONSFORMAJORDIFFERENCESOFTABLEMANNERSINCHINAANDWESTERNCOUNTRIES31THEWAYSOFHOSPITALITY2SEATINGARRANGEMENTS3THETABLEWARETHEINFLUENCESONBUSINESSACTIVITIES61HELPFULTOCREATERELAXEDATMOSPHERE2HELPFULTOGUARANTEETHESUCCESSOFBUSINESSACTIVITIESANDDEEPENTHEFRIENDSHIP3BENEFICIALFORTHEFUTUREDEVELOPMENTTHEEND7THANKS8ONTHEDIFFERENCESANDINFLUENCESOFCHINESEANDWESTERNBUSINESSTABLEMANNERS浅谈中西商务餐桌礼仪文化差异及影响摘要随着中西交往不断深入与发展，餐桌礼仪逐渐成为交往的重要影响因素。商务餐桌礼仪能够反映一个人的行为素养，尤其对于国际间的商务餐会，保持良好的商务餐桌礼仪能够给对方留下更好的印象，从而提升协议达成的可能性。本文通过列举中国餐桌礼仪与西方餐桌礼仪一些典型案例，分析中西餐桌礼仪主要差异，进一步探讨了差异所产生的原因，指出商务餐桌礼仪在商务活动中的重要影响。关键词商务餐桌礼仪差异商务活动影响ABSTRACTWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFINTERNATIONALTRADE,THEDIFFERENTTABLEMANNERSINDIFFERENTCOUNTRIESPLAYAVERYIMPORTANTROLEONCOMMUNICATIONSBUSINESSTABLEMANNERSCANREFLECTAPERSONSBEHAVIORLITERACYITSVERYIMPORTANTTOMAINTAINGOODBUSINESSETIQUETTETOLEAVEABETTERIMPRESSION,SOASTOENHANCETHEPOSSIBILITYOFSIGNINGANAGREEMENT,ESPECIALLYFORTHEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSDINNERTHISARTICLEDISCUSSESABOUTTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTABLEMANNERSANDBUSINESSACTIVITIESEXPOSETHEMAJORDIFFERENCESANDREASONSFORTHESEDIFFERENCESANDITANALYSESTHEINFLUENCESOFTHETABLEMANNERSONTHEBUSINESSACTIVITIESKEYWORDSBUSINESSTABLEMANNERSDIFFERENCESCOMMERCIALACTIVITYINFLUENCES1INTRODUCTIONALONGWITHTHEINCREASEOFTHEEXCHANGESBETWEENCHINAANDFOREIGNCOUNTRIES,TOLEARNABOUTTHEDIFFERENCESANDREASONSOFTABLEMANNERSISVERYIMPORTANTFORTHEBUSINESSMENBECAUSETABLEMANNERSCANREFLECTYOURPERSONALQUALITYTOALARGEDEGREETHEANCIENTWORDSAYSTHATBREADISTHESTAFFOFLIFEBUTTODAY,EATINGISNOLONGERSERVESTOSOLVETHEPROBLEMSOFHUNGERINTHEFACEOFAWIDEVARIETYOFDISHESANDNATIONALFLAVOR,DIETHASBECOMEAKINDOFFASHIONANDTHEPURSUITOFTHEHIGHQUALITYLIFEMOREANDMOREPEOPLEGATHERINTHETABLETALKINGANDLAUGHINGTHEREFORE,GRACEFULTABLEBEHAVIORSBRINGNOTONLYOTHERSPRAISE,BUTALSOAKEYTOTHEDOOROFSUCCESSCHINAISACOUNTRYOFMANNERSWITHALONGHISTORYWESTERNCOUNTRIESHAVEALSOFORMEDUNIQUETABLEMANNERSBECAUSETABLEMANNERSREFLECTTHENATIONALCULTURE,TOUNDERSTANDTHESETABLEMANNERSANDBEABLETOBEHAVEDECENTLYANDNATURALLYAREHELPFULTOCOMMUNICATIONS,WHICHATTHESAMETIMEALSOIMPROVETHEPOSSIBILITYOFBEINGSUCCESSFULINBUSINESSACTIVITIESTHEREFORE,INTHEPROCESSOFGLOBALIZATION,ITISVERYIMPORTANTTOSTUDYTHEDIFFERENCESOFTABLEMANNERSBETWEENCHINAANDWESTERNCOUNTRIES2THEIMPORTANCEOFLEARNINGABOUTTHEDIFFERENCESOFCHINESEANDWESTERNTABLEMANNERSSINCETHEREFORMANDOPENINGUPINCHINA,ITHASPROMOTEDTHEGROWTHOFTHENATIONALECONOMYANDWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHECHINESEECONOMY,CHINESEANDWESTERNECONOMICEXCHANGESALSOCONTRIBUTETOTHECULTURALCOMMUNICATIONBUSINESSTABLEMANNERSOCCUPIESAVERYIMPORTANTPOSITIONANDISALSOBECOMEINDISPENSABLEFORTHEBUSINESSACTIVITIESTOLEARNABOUTTHESEDIFFERENCESHASBEENDECISIVETOPROMOTETHECOMMUNICATIONSANDBUSINESSESDINNINGISNOTONLYPHYSICALNEEDSNOWADAYS,BUTALSOONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTSOCIALEXPERIENCESTHEREFORE,TOMASTERSOMENECESSARYKNOWLEDGEANDSKILLSOFBUSINESSTABLEMANNERSHASBEENAPARTICULARLYIMPORTANTTHINGSOBUSINESSMENARESUPPOSEDTOMASTERSOMEBASICETIQUETTEKNOWLEDGENOMATTERTHEYARETHEHOSTSORGUESTS,INORDERTOAVOIDSOMEUNPLEASANTTHINGSANDPROMOTEBUSINESSCOOPERATIONANDFUTUREDEVELOPMENT3TYPICALTABLEMANNERSOFCHINAANDWESTERNCOUNTRIESTHISPARTMAINDISCUSSTHEMAJORTABLEMANNERSINCHINAANDWESTERNCOUNTRIESWITHTHECHINESETABLEMANNERSINCLUDINGENTERTAININGGUESTS,SEATARRANGING,ANDTHEUSINGOFTHEMAINTABLEWAREWITHTHEWESTERNTABLEMANNERSINCLUDINGENTERTAININGGUESTS,SEATARRANGING,ANDTHEUSINGOFTHEMAINTABLEWARE31CHINESETABLEMANNERSCHINESEHAVEALWAYSSHOWNABIGENTHUSIASMFORENTERTAININGGUESTS,THEYUSUALLYPREPAREDRICHFOODBEFORETHEGUESTSARRIVE,ANDPREPAREOTHERDISHESDURINGTHEDININGIFTHEYDINEOUT,THEHOSTWILLARRIVETHEREEARLIERTOWELCOMETHEGUESTSCHINESEARRANGESEATACCORDINGTOTHECUSTOMTHATELDERSFIRST,ANDTHEMOSTIMPORTANTGUESTISARRANGEDLEFTTOTHEHOST,ANDTHESECONDISTOTHERIGHTWHENSERVINGDISHES,THEGUESTSFIRSTANDTHEHOSTAFTER,THEFEMALEGUESTSFIRSTANDTHEMALEGUESTSAFTERCUPS,PLATES,BOWL,CHOPSTICKS,SPOONDISHESETCARETHEMAINTABLEWAREDURINGTHEDINNER,EVERYONETAKETHEFOODWITHHISOWNTABLEWAREINMANYCASES,THEHOSTWILLTAKEFOODFORTHEGUESTSWITHHISOWNTABLEWAREANDITSREGARDEDTOSHOWHISHOSPITALITY32WESTERNTABLEMANNERSCOMPAREDWITHTHECHINESETABLEMANNERS,THEWESTERNTABLEMANNERSFOLLOWTHEWISHESOFTHEGUESTSANDTHEDISHESAREMUCHSIMPLEANDNUTRITIOUSINADDITION,THEWESTERNERSNEVERFETEGUESTSATHOMECOMMONLY,WHICHISONEOFTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENTHETWOBESIDES,THEHOSTESSSITSFARTHESTTOTHEDOOR,ANDTHEMOSTIMPORTANTGUESTISARRANGEDRIGHTKNIVES,FORKS,SPOON,PLATES,CUPS,ETCARETHEMAINTABLEWAREEVERYONEHASHISOWNTABLEWAREBUTWITHPUBLICCHOPSTICKSANDSPOONTOTAKETHEFOODFURTHERMORE,COMPAREDWITHCHINESE,THEWESTERNERSMAYBECHOOSETOACCEPTORREJECTTHEHOSTSHOSPITALITYACCORDINGTOHISOWNWILL,THEYKNOWHOWTOREFUSETHETHINGSTHEYDONTWANT4THEREASONSFORMAJORDIFFERENCESOFTABLEMANNERSINCHINAANDWESTERNCOUNTRIES41THEWAYSOFHOSPITALITYINCHINA,PEOPLEALWAYSTRYTOSHOWTREMENDOUSENTHUSIASMFORENTERTAININGGUESTSIFITISABUSINESSDINNERORAVERYFORMALOCCASION,THEREISLIKELYTOBEAHUGEAMOUNTOFFOODTHEANOTHERTHINGTHATMAKESTHEFOREIGNGUESTSAMAZEDISTHATWHENEATINGWITHACHINESEHOST,THEYMAYFINDTHATTHEHOSTISUSINGPUBLICCHOPSTICKSOREVENHISOWNCHOPSTICKSTOPUTFOODINTHEIRBOWLORPLATE,ANDTHECHINESEGUESTSWILLNEVERREFUSEDOINGSOTHISISASIGNOFWARMTH,FRIENDSHIPANDPOLITENESSBUTFORFOREIGNGUESTS,ITCANNOTBEUNACCEPTABLETHEWESTERNERSWILLCHOOSETOACCEPTORREJECTTHEHOSTSHOSPITALITYACCORDINGTOHISOWNWILL,THEYKNOWHOWTOREFUSETHETHINGSTHEYDONTWANT,ANDTHEFOODACCEPTEDSHOULDBEEATENUPTHROUGHWHICHSHOWSTHEIRPOLITENESSASFORTHEDIFFERENCEOFIT,YIZHONGTIANONCEEXPRESSEDPRECISELYINTHEBOOKCULTURESONTHETABLETHATTHECORECONCEPTOFCHINESECULTURESISTHEGROUPCONSCIOUSNESS,WHILEWESTERNCULTURESFOCUSONTHEINDIVIDUALCONSCIOUSNESSBECAUSEOFTHEGROUPCONSCIOUSNESS,CHINESEWILLCONSIDERFROMOTHERSPOINTOFVIEWATANYTIME,SOCHINESEALWAYSSHOWABIGENTHUSIASMFORENTERTAININGGUESTSANDMAKETHEATMOSPHEREVERYLIVELYINSTEAD,WESTERNERSBELIEVEININDIVIDUALISMANDPURSUEPERSONALFREEDOM,WHICHISALSOAPPEAREDONTHETABLETHEREFORE,THEATMOSPHEREISQUIETWHENHAVINGMEALS,ANDTALKINGISCONSIDEREDIMPOLITEBEHAVIORANDISAVOIDED42SEATINGARRANGEMENTSTHEDIFFERENCEOFTHESEATARRANGEMENTSEMBODIESCOMPLETELYDIFFERENTIDEASASMENTIONEDABOVE,ITISFOUNDTHATLEFTFIRSTINCHINAWHILERIGHTINAMERICAITSAVERYIMPORTANTDISTINCTIONWHICHWESHOULDPAYMOREATTENTIONTO,SOASTOAVOIDUNNECESSARYMISUNDERSTANDINGSBESIDES,LADYFIRSTINAMERICA,BUTFOLLOWTHETRADITIONTHATELDERSFIRSTINCHINATHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNCULTURESARETHEFUNDAMENTALREASONSFORTHISDIFFERENCEINCHINA,THECONFUCIANISMHAVEINFLUENCEDCHINESEFORALONGTIME,ANDFORMEDTHEMORALSTANDARDTHEREFORE,THEELDERBEINGSERVEDFIRSTHASBEENOURTRADITIONDURINGTHESOCIALINTERACTIONANDTHELEFTISREGARDEDASTHEMOSTHONORABLESEATINSTEAD,CHRISTIANINFLUENCEISTHELARGESTANDMOSTINFLUENTIALINTHEWESTINTHECHRISTIANVIEW,CHRISTJESUSISTHESAVIORWHOWASASSIGNEDTOTHEWORLDBYGODANDMARIAASTHEPERSONWHOGAVEBIRTHTOCHRISTJESUSHASAHOLYIMAGEINPEOPLESMINDSHERECEIVESGREATRESPECTANDISCALLEDVIRGINMARYPEOPLEEXTENDTHEPIETYANDRESPECTANDFORMATRADITIONOFRESPECTINGWOMENTHEREFORETHEMOSTHONORABLESEATISGIVENTOWOMENRIGHTTOTHEHOST43THETABLEWAREAMONGALLTHEDIFFERENCES,THEMOSTOBVIOUSONEISTHETABLEWAREPEOPLEUSEINCHINAANDWESTERNCOUNTRIESDIFFERENTCULTURESCAUSEDIFFERENTSERVINGORDERSTHEORIENTALOFTENCHOOSECEREALTOBETHESTAPLEFOOD,ANDTHEWESTERNERSCHOOSEMEATINSTEADFORTHISREASON,CHINESEHAVEMEALWITHCHOPSTICKSANDWESTERNERSUSEKNIFEANDFORKTHISISTHEDIFFERENCEOFSERVINGORDERANDUSINGDIFFERENTTABLEWARETHEENVIRONMENTALFACTORSLEADTOTHEDIFFERENCESOFTHECHINESEANDWESTERNTABLEWAREANDCHOPSTICKS,KNIFEANDFORKCANBASICALLYSHOWTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNTABLEMANNERSYOUXIULING,ONEPROFESSOROFZHEJIANGUNIVERSITY,BELIEVESTHATTHETABLEWARETHATCHINESEANDWESTERNPEOPLESUSE,SUCHASCHOPSTICKS,KNIFEANDFORKARERELATEDTOTHEENVIRONMENTCHOPSTICKSAREORIGINATEDFROMTHEPLACEWHERETHEREAREBAMBOOSTHEREARELOTSOFWOODINNORTHCHINA,WHILEBAMBOOSGROWINSOUTHERNCHINASOCHINESEANCESTORSTAKEADVANTAGEOFTHELOCALMATERIALSANDTHEWOODANDBAMBOOBECOMETHEMOSTORIGINALRAWMATERIALTOPRODUCECHOPSTICKSACCORDINGTOPROFESSORYOUSRESEARCH,THEORIGINOFTHEKNIFEANDFORKISRELATEDTOTHELIFEHABITSOFTHEANCIENTEUROPEANNOMADICPEOPLEANCIENTPEOPLEOFTENTOOKTHEKNIFEANDFORKWITHTHEMWHENTHEYWEREOUTTHEYOFTENROASTEDTHEANIMALANDCUTTHEMEATTOEATAROUNDTHEFIFTEENCENTURY,EUROPEANSBEGANTOUSETHEDOUBLEPOINTEDFORKINORDERTOIMPROVETHEIRDINNERPOSTURETHEFOURPOINTEDFORKAPPEAREDINEIGHTEENCENTURYKNIFE,FORKANDCHOPSTICKSNOTONLYLEDTOTHEDIVERGENCESOFEATINGHABITS,BUTALSOINFLUENCEDLIFECONCEPTSBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNPEOPLEPROFESSORYOUTHINKSKNIVESANDFORKSLEADTOTHEFOODSHARINGCONCEPT,ANDCHOPSTICKSMATCHTHESITUATIONTHATFAMILYMEMBERSSITATTHETABLETOGETHERATTHEBEGINNING,WESTERNPEOPLEATEFOODSOLELYANDINFURTHER,WESTERNPEOPLEPAYATTENTIONTOINDEPENDENCEANDINDIVIDUALISMANDFORMEDTHEIDEATOSTRUGGLEALONEEATINGTOGETHERWITHFAMILYHIGHLIGHTSTHESTRONGFAMILYVALUES5THEINFLUENCESONBUSINESSACTIVITIESWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFBUSINESSACTIVITIES,THECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENCHINAANDWESTERNCOUNTRIESHASBEENWIDERASBUSINESSMEN,ITSVERYIMPORTANTFORTHEMTOKNOWMOREABOUTTHEDIFFERENCESOFBUSINESSTABLEMANNERS,SOTHATTHEYCANAPPLYWITHTHESEKNOWLEDGEANDSKILLSTOBUSINESSACTIVITIES51HELPFULTOCREATERELAXEDATMOSPHEREINTHEPROCESSOFBUSINESSACTIVITIES,TABLEHASBEENAMOREIMPORTANTNEGOTIATIONSPLACEBECAUSEOFTHEPARTICULARATMOSPHEREWHENTHEYHAVETHEIRMEALSBYCOMPARISON,BUSINESSNEGOTIATIONALWAYSSEEMSMORESERIOUSINTHECONFERENCEROOMORPUBLICOFFICE,DURINGWHICHTWOPARTIESWILLJUSTSPEAKTOTHEIROWNINTERESTSANDTHEIRWORDSCANBEHARSHANDMAKETHENEGOTIATIONINADILEMMAWHILEITAPPEARSMUCHEASIERANDMORERELAXWHENTHEYAREEATING,WHICHISHELPFULTOSTRIKEADEALTHEPSYCHOLOGICALBARRIERSDROPALOTANDTHEPROCESSWILLNOTSEEMSOSERIOUSFOREXAMPLE,WHENTHENEGOTIATIONOVERPRICEDISPUTES,BOTHSIDESWANTTOGAINTHELARGESTPROFITFORTHEMSELVESANDWONTEASILYCOMPROMISEINTHECONFERENCEROOMWHILEONTHETABLE,BOTHSIDESAREINARELAXEDATMOSPHERETOADJUSTTHEIRINTERESTSINAFRIENDLYATTITUDE,ANDBOTHCANSTANDINTHEANGLEFROMTHEOTHERSIDE,SOBOTHSIDESCOULDREACHANAGREEMENTINTHEEND52HELPFULTOGUARANTEETHESUCCESSOFBUSINESSACTIVITIESANDDEEPENTHEFRIENDSHIPASTHEFAMOUSSAYINGGOES,“WHENDRINKINGWITHABOSOMFRIEND,ATHOUSANDCUPSWILLSTILLBETOOLITTLE”AFTERAFEWDRINKS,THEYMAYFOUNDSAMEINTERESTSINEACHOTHERWHICHWILLKEEPTHENEGOTIATIONSMORESMOOTHINSHORT,THENEGOTIATIONSCANBESUCCESSFULWITHDAILYLANGUAGEINSTEADOFJARGONSANDITDEEPENSTHEFRIENDSHIPBETWEENBOTHSIDESATTHESAMETIME53BENEFICIALFORTHEFUTUREDEVELOPMENTBUSINESSTABLEMANNERSCANREFLECTAPERSONSBEHAVIORTOMAINTAINGOODBUSINESSETIQUETTECANLEAVEABETTERIMPRESSIONONOTHERSWHILETHEREISBUSINESSCO