外文翻译—驱动桥设计与三维建模

西南交通大学毕业设计（论文）外文翻译年级姓名专业机械设计制造及其自动化（工程机械）指导教师2011年6月电力驱动桥说明书摘要电动驱动桥一般是安装在车辆的左右驱动轮之间，包括一个电机和左右联轴器。扭矩通过联轴器传到与驱动轮相连的半轴。每个联轴器包括一个磁粉离合器和一个行星组，所以通过调节离合器中的电磁体的电流就能控制经过联轴器传递的扭矩大小。磁粉离合器还能允许滑移，因此驱动轮能得到不同的角速度。发明背景这项发明一般和汽车，尤其是电驱动汽车有联系。典型的汽车输出所需要的能量是从内燃机的做功通过差速器分至左右驱动轮。事实上，差速器把发动机的力矩平均分给了驱动轮，这对力矩是共轭的。最近几次有汽车制造商对利用电机推进车辆感兴趣。但是这些车辆的差速的实现仍然靠传统的差速器将转矩分至左右驱动轮，且能适应驱动轮的速度变化范围小，例如，当车辆转弯时。然而，能把扭矩平均分给驱动轮的差速器并不是一直我们所需要的产品。举个例子，如果一个驱动轮的牵引扭矩降低，那么大部分的扭矩应该流向另一个驱动轮。还有在转弯时，如果大部分的扭矩流向外侧的驱动轮，那么应做改善处理。简要介绍几个图纸的意见图1是从一个原理的角度来展示电动汽车电驱动桥的发明；图2是从车辆尾部的一个剖切面来展示电驱动桥；图3表示的是驱动桥的分解图；图4是一个耦合器在驱动桥上的放大截面图；图5是改进的车辆驱动桥的的最终观点；图6是修改后的电驱动桥的局部观点。详细说明现在要提到一些些图纸，一辆汽车A（图1）有左右驱动轮2和4，分别通过电驱动桥B传递动力。为此，车辆A有一个电源装置6，可以使用内燃机或一组蓄电池甚至燃料电池给电机供电。在任何情况下，电源装置6和驱动桥B是被支承在支护结构8上的，支护结构可以是一个框架或一个阀体，支护结构8是轮流支护在轮子2和4之间。驱动桥B通过左、右半轴10和12联接到车轮2和4。他的结构包括一根轴X和一个桥壳20，左右转矩分别被传递至联轴器24和26。电机18和联轴器24和26被安装在桥壳20上。电机18的径向结构包括（图3）一个定子30，它是安装在桥壳20的一个轴向固定位置。它也包括了在定子30里面围绕轴X旋转的转子32。转子32包括一个末端固定在位于桥壳20里滚动轴承36上的电机轴34。桥壳20也拥有两个扭矩联轴器24和26，它们每一个都包括一个驱动鼓40，一个磁粉离合器42，一组行星齿轮44，一个驱动器法兰46。它们也沿着轴X分布。这两个驱动鼓40通过花键或其他装置联接到转子32上的电机轴34上，使他们与电机轴34共同旋转并将扭矩从转子32传送到联轴器24和26。而且，这两个驱动鼓40也在轴承36上旋转，并且轴承36支承着电机轴34，同也支承着转子32。驱动法兰46大多数是位于桥壳20的外部，从而将力矩作用于联轴器24和26并分别作用到半轴10和12。驱动鼓40的功能是作为力矩输入，然而驱动法兰46则是作为力矩输出。离合器42和力矩联轴器24和26，包括（图4）一个电磁体50和一个电枢52。两者都是环型配置在轴X上的。电枢52位于电磁体50里面，二者是被抗磨轴承和环型均匀的间隙G给分开的。G的间隙含有磁粉颗粒。在G里无磁场时，电磁体50和电枢52可以旋转，本质上没有联系。然而，当电流定向的通过电磁体52，电磁体52上的转矩会被转移到电枢54上。在大多数情况下这两者之间的一些滑移将要发生。电磁体50绕着安装了电刷58的周边滑环56进行调整到壳20。电刷58反过来被连接到一个电源，画出了相应的电位变化，并可以根据不同的电流来做电磁体52的磁场强度的管理。通过离合器42控制转矩的传递。离合器42中的电磁体50被离合器42的一个组件驱动法兰固定在靠近联轴器24和36的电机轴34的末端。因此，电磁体52的旋转与转子32同步。如果电磁铁52被通电，那么电磁体52的转矩被转移到电枢54。每个联轴器24和26中的行星组44包括（图4）一个太阳轮64，一个齿圈66和处于两者之间的行星齿轮68并且和太阳轮64、齿圈66啮合。此外，它还有一个安置在行星齿轮中心轴的行星架70。太阳轮64躺在轴X上，它的轴正好与轴X重回。它有一个短轴77，通过外花键和离合器42的电枢56相连。齿圈66是连接到离合器42上的电磁体54，并且连接电机轴34末端的驱动法兰40，所以，电磁体54和齿圈66在轴X上同步旋转，并且保持同样的角速度。行星架70有插脚74连接到行星齿轮68，所以，当行星齿轮68旋转时，插脚74也跟着旋转。插脚74在行星齿轮68中设立旋转轴。此外，行星架70还有一个通过桥壳20末端和适合驱动法兰46的主轴76。左半轴10通过一个万向节到驱动法兰46和左边的联轴器相连，而右半轴12通过另外一个万向节到驱动法兰46和右边联轴器26相连。电机22通过各自的联轴器24和26驱动两个半轴10和12。磁粉离合器24和26控制左右半轴10和12的力矩分布。在运行的驱动桥A中，电源装置6提供电机22所需的电流，使电机22的转子32和电机轴34绕轴X旋转。电机轴34将力矩传送到两个联轴器24和26。在每个联轴器24和26上，力矩从运转的电机22通过在联轴器24和26上的鼓40传到离合器42上的电磁体50，同时传到行星齿轮44上的齿圈66。在这里扭矩被分开。一步份扭矩从齿圈66通过行星齿轮68传到行星架70，并且从那里通过主轴76传到驱动法兰46。如果离合器42上的电磁体50是通电的，那么剩下的扭矩通过间隙G传到离合器42上的电枢52。电枢52旋转并且通过离合器42对行星组44的上的太阳轮64的作用改变扭矩，因为电枢52和太阳轮64是通过传动轴的尾端相连接的。太阳轮64旋转传递扭矩到行星齿轮68，在这里它将与齿圈66传递的扭矩相结合，所以行星架70和驱动法兰78看起来在鼓40上作用了力矩。换句话说，力矩流向联轴器24和26有两条路径，一条机械路径，包括齿圈68、行星齿轮68和行星架70，一条离合器路径包括电磁体50和离合器42上的电枢52，和行星组44上的太阳轮64、行星齿轮68和行星架70。大部分的力矩传递通过机械路径，两条路径传递的力矩分配是靠齿圈66和太阳轮64的齿数比U决定的。比例越高，则越少的扭矩通过离合器路径传递。扭矩在这两条路径间的关系可以用笛卡尔坐标表示（图5）。在这种安排上，对通过离合器42传递的扭矩一个小的改变，将导致通过离合器42的组件联轴器24和26传递的扭矩较大的变化，并且离合器42传递扭矩的大小取决于传送离合器42上的电磁体50的电流的大小。当转矩变化是，电流几乎线性通过电磁体50。通过控制两联轴器24和26上的离合器42的电流，扭矩能以最佳条件被分配到运行车辆A的两个驱动轮2和4上。例如，如果车辆A左转弯时，特别是高速左转弯时，比左驱动轮4更多的扭矩将被传递到右驱动轮2。因此两个联轴器24和26上的离合器42将有相应的调整。为此车辆A可以装备加速度计来决定侧面和纵向的加速度并做调整，所以调整的结果就是和速度传感器一样来决定两个半轴10和12的转速，因此更适用于车轮2和4的刹车系统。更多的传感器能决定方向盘的位置以及离合器42和刹车系统的温度。这些传感器产生信号并将信号传给车辆上的微处理器，微处理器将决定两个驱动轮2和4之间的扭矩分配，因此来控制两个联轴器10和12上的离合器42。一种改进的电驱动桥C（图6和7）同样的也能在车辆A运转的条件下按最佳比例分配左右驱动轮2和4之间的扭矩。它包括（图7）一个轴向通量电机84和封闭在一个壳86里的两个联轴器24和26，以及一个位于桥壳86里在电机84和联轴器24和26上的毂40之间的主传动器88。电机84包括一个定子92和一个转子94，以及安装在转子94上的电机轴96。电机轴96绕着轴Y旋转朝着直角上的轴X。主传动器88包括一个小齿轮轴100，它位于桥壳86里面在滚动轴承102上绕轴X旋转。传动轴100的一端和电机轴94连接，而另一端有一个斜齿轮104在上面。此外，主传动器88和传动轴106连接，传动轴延伸在鼓40和旋转轴X之间。传动轴的末端用花键和两个驱动鼓40配合连接，并且鼓40在桥壳86里面的轴承36上旋转。最后，主传动器88在联轴器24上的毂36上装有斜齿轮108。齿轮108和小齿轮104啮合。当电机84通电，将扭矩传递个小齿轮100。在传动轴100末端的小齿轮104绕着斜齿轮108旋转，斜齿轮旋转连接传动轴106和鼓40的末端。鼓40传递扭矩到联轴器24和26，这是它在驱动桥A中的功用。对于两个联轴器24和26来说，其他所谓的“环环相扣”是可能的，例如，离合器42上的电枢52可能与驱动鼓40有联系。同样由于离合器42被连接到驱动法兰46，离合器42和44在每个联轴器24和26中的位置也可以颠倒。TABLEUS00001电驱动桥A汽车B电驱动桥C电驱动桥X轴2驱动轮4驱动轮6电源8支撑架10左半轴12右半轴20桥壳22电机24左联轴器26右联轴器30定子32转子34传动轴36轴承40驱动鼓42磁粉离合器44行星组46驱动法兰50电磁体52电枢54轴承56滑环58电刷62、64太阳轮66齿圈68行星齿轮70行星架72外半轴74插脚76主轴84电动机86桥壳88主传动器90、92定子94转子96电机轴100小齿轮轴102轴承104小齿轮106联接轴108直齿轮ELECTRICDRIVEAXLEDESCRIPTIONABSTRACTANELECTRICDRIVEAXLE,WHICHISLOCATEDBETWEENANDPOWERSTHELEFTANDRIGHTDRIVEWHEELSOFANAUTOMOTIVEVEHICLE,INCLUDESANELECTRICMOTORANDLEFTANDRIGHTTORQUECOUPLINGSTORQUEDEVELOPEDBYTHEMOTORTRANSFERSTHROUGHTHETORQUECOUPLINGSTOAXLESHAFTSWHICHARECONNECTEDTOTHEDRIVEWHEELSEACHTORQUECOUPLINGINCLUDESAMAGNETICPARTICLECLUTCHANDAPLANETARYSETORGANIZEDSUCHTHATTHECURRENTFLOWINGTHROUGHTHEELECTROMAGNETOFTHECLUTCHCONTROLSTHETORQUEDELIVEREDTHROUGHTHECOUPLERTHEMAGNETICPARTICLECLUTCHESALSOACCOMMODATESLIPPAGESOTHATTHEDRIVEWHEELSMAYROTATEATDIFFERENTANGULARVELOCITIESBACKGROUNDOFTHEINVENTIONTHISINVENTIONRELATESINGENERALTOAUTOMOTIVEVEHICLESAND,MOREPARTICULARLY,TOANELECTICALLYPOWEREDDRIVEAXLEFORANAUTOMOTIVEVEHICLETHETYPICALAUTOMOBILEDERIVESALLTHEPOWERREQUIREDTOPROPELITFROMANINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEWHICHISCOUPLEDTOLEFTANDRIGHTDRIVEWHEELSTHROUGHATRANSMISSIONANDDIFFERENTIALINDEED,THEDIFFERENTIALDIVIDESTHETORQUEPRODUCEDBYTHEENGINEEVENLYBETWEENTHEDRIVEWHEELSTOWHICHITISCOUPLEDRECENTLYSEVERALAUTOMOTIVEMANUFACTURERSHAVEDEMONSTRATEDANINTERESTINAUTOMOBILESTHATINONEWAYORANOTHERUTILIZEELECTRICMOTORSTOPROPELTHEVEHICLESBUTTHESEVEHICLESSTILLRELYONDIFFERENTIALSOFCONVENTIONALCONSTRUCTIONTODIVIDETORQUEBETWEENTHELEFTANDRIGHTDRIVEWHEELSANDTOACCOMMODATEVARIATIONSINSPEEDBETWEENTHEDRIVEWHEELS,SUCHASWHENTHEVEHICLENEGOTIATESATURNHOWEVER,ANEQUALDIVISIONOFTORQUEBETWEENTHEDRIVEWHEELSONEACHSIDEOFADIFFERENTIALISNOTALWAYSDESIRABLEFOREXAMPLE,IFTHETRACTIONAVAILABLETOONEOFTHEDRIVEWHEELSISDIMINISHED,MOSTOFTHETORQUESHOULDFLOWTOTHEOTHERDRIVEWHEELALSOINTURNS,HANDLINGIMPROVESIFMOSTOFTHETORQUEFLOWSTOTHEDRIVEWHEELONTHEOUTSIDEOFTHETURNBRIEFDESCRIPTIONOFTHESEVERALVIEWSOFTHEDRAWINGSFIG1ISASCHEMATICVIEWOFANAUTOMOTIVEVEHICLEPROVIDEDWITHANELECTRICDRIVEAXLECONSTRUCTEDINACCORDANCEWITHANEMBODYINGTHEPRESENTINVENTIONFIG2ISANENDVIEWOFTHEVEHICLECUTAWAYTOSHOWTHEELECTRICDRIVEAXLEFIG3ISASECTIONALVIEWOFTHEDRIVEAXLEFIG4ISANENLARGEDSECTIONALOFONEOFTHETORQUECOUPLERSINTHEDRIVEAXLEFIG5ISANENDVIEWOFAVEHICLEPROVIDEDWITHAMODIFIEDELECTRICDRIVEAXLEFIG6ISASECTIONALVIEWOFTHEMODIFIEDELECTRICDRIVEAXLEDETAILDESCRIPTIONOFTHEINVENTIONREFERRINGNOWTOTHEDRAWINGS,ANAUTOMOTIVEVEHICLEAFIG1HASALEFTANDRIGHTDRIVEWHEELS2AND4,RESPECTIVELY,THATAREPOWEREDTHROUGHANELECTRICDRIVEAXLEBTOTHISEND,THEVEHICLEAHASASOURCE6OFELECTRICALENERGY,WHICHCOULDBEAGENERATORPOWEREDBYANINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEORABANKOFBATTERIESOREVENFUELCELLSINANYEVENT,THEENERGYSOURCE6ANDTHEDRIVEAXLEBAREMOUNTEDONASUPPORTINGSTRUCTURE8,WHICHCOULDBEAFRAMEORAUNIFIEDBODY,ANDTHESUPPORTINGSTRUCTURE8ISINTURNSUPPORTEDINPARTBYTHEWHEELS2AND4THEDRIVEAXLEBISCOUPLEDTOTHEWHEELS2AND4THROUGHLEFTANDRIGHTAXLESHAFTS10AND12ITISORGANIZEDABOUTANAXISXANDINCLUDESFIG2AHOUSING20,ANELECTRICMOTOR22,ANDLEFTANDRIGHTTORQUEBIASCOUPLINGS24AND26,RESPECTIVELYTHEMOTOR18ANDCOUPLINGS24AND26ARELOCATEDWITHINTHEHOUSING20THEMOTOR18,WHICHISOFTHERADIALFLUXCONSTRUCTION,INCLUDESFIG3ASTATOR30WHICHISMOUNTEDINTHEHOUSING20INAFIXEDPOSITIONAROUNDTHEAXISXITALSOINCLUDESAROTOR32WHICHISLOCATEDWITHINTHESTATOR30WHEREITREVOLVESABOUTTHEAXISXTHEROTOR32INCLUDESAMOTORSHAFT34WHICHATITSENDSISSUPPORTEDINTHEHOUSING20ONANTIFRICTIONBEARING36THEHOUSING20ALSOENCLOSESTHETWOTORQUECOUPLINGS24AND26,EACHOFWHICHINCLUDESADRIVEHUB40,AMAGNETICPARTICLECLUTCH42,APLANETARYGEARSET44,ANDADRIVEFLANGE46THEYTOOAREORGANIZEDALONGTHEAXISXTHETWODRIVEHUBS40ARECONNECTEDTOTHEMOTORSHAFT34OFTHEROTOR32THROUGHSPLINESOROTHERDEVICESWHICHENABLETHEMTOROTATEWITHTHESHAFT34ANDTRANSFERTORQUEFROMTHEROTOR32TOTHEIRRESPECTIVETORQUECOUPLINGS24AND26INDEED,THETWODRIVEHUBS40ROTATEINTHEBEARINGS36ANDSUPPORTTHESHAFT34ANDLIKEWISETHEROTOR32ONTHEBEARINGS36THEDRIVEFLANGES46AREFORTHEMOSTPARTLOCATEDEXTERNALLYOFTHEHOUSING20ANDSERVETOCOUPLETHEIRRESPECTIVETORQUECOUPLINGS24AND26TOTHEAXLESHAFTS10AND12THEDRIVEHUBS40FUNCTIONASTORQUEINPUTMEMBERS,WHEREASTHEDRIVEFLANGES46SERVEASTORQUEOUTPUTMEMBERSTHECLUTCH42FOREACHTORQUECOUPLING24AND26INCLUDESFIG4ANELECTROMAGNET50ANDANARMATURE52BOTHAREANNULARINCONFIGURATIONANDAREORGANIZEDABOUTTHEAXISXTHEARMATURE52RESIDESWITHINTHEELECTROMAGNETIC50,WITHTHETWOBEINGSEPARATEDBYANTIFRICTIONBEARINGSTOTHEMAINTAINAUNIFORMANNULARGAPGBETWEENTHEMTHEGAPGCONTAINSMAGNETICPARTICLESINTHEABSENCEOFAMAGNETICFIELDATTHEGAPG,THEMAGNET50ANDARMATURE52CANROTATE,ESSENTIALLYFREELYWITHRESPECTTOEACHOTHERHOWEVER,WHENANELECTRICALCURRENTISDIRECTEDTHROUGHTHEMAGNET52,TORQUEAPPLIEDTOTHEMAGNET52WILLTRANSFERTOTHEARMATURE54SOMESLIPPAGEBETWEENTHETWOMAYANDINMOSTINSTANCESWILLOCCURTHEMAGNET50AROUNDITSPERIPHERYCARRIESSLIPRINGS56WHICHAREWIPEDBYBRUSHES58FITTEDTOTHEHOUSING20THEBRUSHES58INTURNARECONNECTEDTOASOURCEOFELECTRICALENERGY,THEPOTENTIALOFWHICHMAYBEVARIEDTOVARYTHECURRENTINTHEELECTROMAGNET52ANDTHESTRENGTHOFTHEMAGNETICFIELDITPRODUCESTHISCONTROLSTHETORQUETRANSFERREDBYTHECLUTCH42THEELECTROMAGNET50OFTHECLUTCH42ISSECUREDFIRMLYTOTHEFLANGEOFTHEDRIVEHUB36ATTHATENDOFTHEMOTORSHAFT34NEARESTTHECOUPLING24OR26OFWHICHTHECLUTCH42ISACOMPONENTTHUS,THEELECTROMAGNET52ROTATESWITHTHEROTOR32OFTHEELECTRICMOTOR32SHOULDTHEELECTROMAGNET52BEENERGIZED,TORQUEAPPLIEDTOTHEELECTROMAGNET52WILLTRANSFERTOTHEARMATURE54THEPLANETARYSET44FOREACHTORQUECOUPLING24AND26INCLUDESFIG4ASUNGEAR64,ARINGGEAR66,ANDPLANETGEARS68LOCATEDBETWEENANDENGAGEDWITHTHESUNANDRINGGEARS64AND66INADDITION,ITHASACARRIER70WHICHESTABLISHESTHEAXESABOUTWHICHTHEPLANETGEARS68ROTATETHESUNGEAR64LIESALONGTHEAXISX,ITSAXISCOINCIDINGWITHTHEAXISXITISPROVIDEDWITHASTUBSHAFT72WHICHPROJECTSINTOTHEARMATURE56OFTHECLUTCH42,TOWHICHITISCOUPLEDTHROUGHMATINGSPLINESTHERINGGEAR66ISATTACHEDTOTHEELECTROMAGNET54OFTHECLUTCH42ANDTOTHEFLANGEONTHEDRIVEHUB40ATTHEENDOFTHEMOTORSHAFT34,SOTHATTHEHUB36,THEELECTROMAGNET54,ANDTHERINGGEAR66ROTATEINUNISONABOUTTHEAXISXANDATTHESAMEANGULARVELOCITYTHECARRIER70HASPINS74WHICHPROJECTINTOTHEPLANETGEARS68,SOTHATTHEPLANETGEARS68,WHENTHEYROTATE,REVOLVEABOUTTHEPINS74THEPINS74THUSESTABLISHTHEAXESOFROTATIONFORTHEPLANETGEARS68INADDITION,THECARRIER70HASASPINDLE76WHICHPROJECTSTHROUGHTHEENDOFTHEHOUSING20ANDTHEREISFITTEDWITHTHEDRIVEFLANGE46THELEFTAXLESHAFT10ISCONNECTEDTHROUGHAUNIVERSALJOINTTOTHEDRIVEFLANGE46FORTHELEFTTORQUECOUPLING24,WHEREASTHERIGHTAXLESHAFT12ISCONNECTEDTHROUGHANOTHERUNIVERSALJOINTTOTHEDRIVEFLANGE46OFTHERIGHTTORQUECOUPLING26THEMOTOR22DRIVESTHETWOAXLESHAFTS10AND12THROUGHTHEIRRESPECTIVETORQUECOUPLINGS24AND26THEMAGNETICPARTICLECLUTCHES24AND26CONTROLTHEDISTRIBUTIONOFTORQUETOTHETWOAXLESHAFTS10AND12INTHEOPERATIONOFTHEDRIVEAXLEA,THEELECTRICALENERGYSOURCE6PRODUCESANELECTRICALCURRENTWHICHPOWERSTHEMOTOR22,CAUSINGTHEROTOR32ANDMOTORSHAFT34OFTHEMOTOR22TOROTATEABOUTTHEAXISXTHEMOTORSHAFT34DELIVERSTHETORQUETOTHETWOTORQUECOUPLINGS24AND26INEACHTORQUECOUPLING24AND26,TORQUEFROMTHEMOTOR22ISAPPLIEDTHROUGHTHEHUB40ATTHATCOUPLING24OR26TOTHEELECTROMAGNET50OFTHECLUTCH42ANDTOTHERINGGEAR66OFTHEPLANETARYSET44SIMULTANEOUSLYHERETHETORQUESPLITSSOMEOFITPASSESFROMTHERINGGEAR66THROUGHTHEPLANETARYGEARS68TOTHECARRIER70ANDTHENCETOTHEDRIVEFLANGE46THROUGHTHESPINDLE76THEREMAINDEROFTHETORQUE,ASSUMINGTHATTHEELECTROMAGNET50OFTHECLUTCH42ISENERGIZED,PASSESTHROUGHTHEGAPGTOTHEARMATURE52OFTHECLUTCH42THEARMATURE52ROTATESANDTRANSFERSTHECOMPONENTOFTHETORQUEPASSINGTHROUGHTHECLUTCH42TOTHESUNGEAR64OFTHEPLANETARYSET44,INASMUCHASTHEARMATURE52ANDSUNGEAR64ARECOUPLEDTHROUGHTHESTUBSHAFT72OFTHELATTERTHESUNGEAR64TRANSFERSTHETORQUETOTHEPLANETGEARS68WHEREITCOMBINESWITHTHETORQUETRANSFERREDFROMTHERINGGEAR66,SOTHATTHECARRIER70ANDTHEDRIVEFLANGE78SEEESSENTIALLYTHEFULLTORQUEAPPLIEDATTHEHUB40INOTHERWORDS,THETORQUEFLOWSTHROUGHEACHTORQUECOUPLING24AND26INTWOPATHSAMECHANICALPATH,INCLUDINGTHERINGGEAR68,PLANETGEARS68ANDCARRIER70,ANDACLUTCHPATH,INCLUDINGTHEELECTROMAGNET50ANDARMATURE52OFTHECLUTCH42,ANDTHESUNGEAR64,PLANETGEARS68ANDCARRIER70,OFTHEPLANETARYSET44MOSTOFTHETORQUETRANSFERSTHROUGHTHEMECHANICALPATH,WITHTHEAPPORTIONMENTBETWEENTHETWOPATHSDEPENDINGONTHEGEARRATIOUBETWEENRINGGEAR66ANDTHESUNGEAR64THEHIGHERTHERATIO,THELESSTHEAMOUNTOFTORQUETRANSFERREDTHROUGHTHECLUTCHPATHTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHETORQUEINTHETWOPATHSMAYBEEXPRESSEDWITHAPLOTONCARTESIANCOORDINATESFIG5THEARRANGEMENTISSUCHTHATASMALLCHANGEINTORQUETRANSFERREDTHROUGHTHECLUTCH42RESULTSINAMUCHGREATERCHANGEINTORQUETRANSMITTEDTHROUGHTHECOUPLING24OR26OFWHICHTHECLUTCH42ISACOMPONENT,ANDTHETORQUETRANSMITTEDTHROUGHTHECLUTCH42ISDEPENDENTONTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHECURRENTPASSINGTHROUGHTHEELECTROMAGNET50OFTHECLUTCH42THETORQUEVARIESALMOSTLINEARLYWITHTHECURRENTPASSINGTHROUGHTHEELECTROMAGNET50BYCONTROLLINGTHECURRENTINTHECLUTCHES42OFTHETWOTORQUECOUPLINGS24AND26,THETORQUECANBEDIVIDEDBETWEENTHETWODRIVEWHEELS2AND4TOBESTACCOMMODATETHEDRIVINGCONDITIONSUNDERWHICHTHEVEHICLEAOPERATESFOREXAMPLE,IFTHEVEHICLEANEGOTIATESALEFTTURN,PARTICULARLYATHIGHERSPEEDS,MORETORQUESHOULDBEDELIVEREDTHERIGHTDRIVEWHEEL2THANTOTHELEFTDRIVEWHEEL4THECLUTCHES42INTHETWOTORQUECOUPLINGS24AND26AREADJUSTEDACCORDINGLYTOTHISENDTHEVEHICLEAMAYBEPROVIDEDWITHACCELEROMETERSFORDETERMININGLATERALANDLONGITUDINALACCELERATIONSANDYAW,ANDHENCETHESEVERITYOFTURNSNEGOTIATED,ASWELLASSPEEDSENSORSFORDETERMININGTHEVELOCITIESOFTHETWOAXLESHAFTS10AND12,PREFERABLYFROMTHEANTILOCKBRAKINGSYSTEMFORTHEWHEELS2AND4MORESENSORSMAYDETERMINETHEPOSITIONOFTHESTEERINGWHEELANDTHETEMPERATURESOFTHECLUTCHES42ANDOFTHEWHEELSERVICEBRAKESTHESESENSORSPRODUCESIGNALSWHICHMAYBEFEDTOAMICROPROCESSORINTHEVEHICLE,WHICHMICROPROCESSORWOULDDETERMINETHEBESTAPPORTIONMENTOFTORQUEBETWEENTHETWODRIVINGWHEELS2AND4ANDCONTROLTHECURRENTINTHECLUTCHES42OFTHETWOTORQUECOUPLINGS10AND12ACCORDINGLYAMODIFIEDELECTRICDRIVEAXLECFIGS67LIKEWISEDISTRIBUTESTORQUEBETWEENTHELEFTANDRIGHTDRIVEWHEELS2AND4,APPORTIONINGITBESTTORESPONDTOTHECONDITIONSUNDERWHICHTHEVEHICLEAOPERATESITINCLUDESFIG7ANAXIALFLUXMOTOR84,AHOUSING86INWHICHTHETWOTORQUECOUPLINGS24AND26AREENCLOSED,ANDARIGHTANGLEDRIVE88LOCATEDWITHINTHEHOUSING86BETWEENTHEMOTOR84ANDTHEHUBS40OFTHETORQUECOUPLINGS24AND26THEMOTOR84INCLUDESASTATOR92ANDAROTOR94,ASWELLASAMOTORSHAFT96INWHICHTHEROTOR94ISMOUNTEDTHESHAFT96ROTATESABOUTANAXISYORIENTEDATARIGHTANGLET