土木工程专业英语词汇短语总结

LESSON1INTRODUCTIONTOMECHANICSOFMATERIALS材料力学MECHANICSOFMATERIALS材料强度STRENGTHOFMATERIALS轴向受力杆件AXIALLYLOADEDBARS应变STRAIN应力STRESS变形DEFORMATION临界荷载CRITICALLOAD拉压剪TENSIONCOMPRESSIONSHEAR等直杆件PRISMATICBAR轴力AXIALFORCE隔离体FREEBODY拉力TENSILEFORCE截面CROSSSECTION形心CENTROID无量纲的量NONDIMENSIONALQUANTITY可变形的DEFORMABLE装配，集合ASSEMBLY推论DERIVATION方程EQUATION性能PROPERTY棱柱的PRISMATIC液体静力学的HYDROSTATIC集度，强度INTENSITY合力RESULTANT静力学STATICS伸长，延长ELONGATIONLESSON2TYPESOFBEAMSANDSTRESSRESULTANTSINBEAMS横截的TRANSVERSE对称SYMMETRY弯曲BENDING不对称的UNSYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL销轴PIN滚轴ROLLER移动TRANSLATE水平地HORIZONTALLY支撑，支持SUSTAIN嵌住的BUILTIN悬臂梁CANTILEVER悬臂OVERHANG均匀的，一致的UNIFORMLY力偶COUPLE约束RESTRAINT柔性的FLEXIBLE法向的，正态NORMAL图像DIAGRAM对称轴AXISOFSYMMETRY简支梁SIMPLYSUPPORTEDBEAMSIMPLEBEAM集中力CONCENTRATEDFORCE分布力DISTRIBUTEDLOAD均布荷载UNIFORMLYDISTRIBUTEDLOAD静力学平衡方程EQUATIONOFSTATICEQUILIBRIUM竖向VERTICALDIRECTION跨度，区间SPAN应力分布DISTRIBUTIONOFSTRESSES弯矩BENDINGMOMENT静定STATICALLYDETERMINATE水平约束HORIZONTALRESTRAINTLESSON3PRINCIPALSTRESSESINBEAMS法向应力NORMALSTRESS剪应力SHEARSTRESS横截面CROSSSECTION中性轴NEUTRALAXIS主应力PRINCIPALSTRESS弯矩M和剪力VBENDINGMOMENTANDSHEARFORCE主压应力COMPRESSIVEPRINCIPALSTRESS主拉应力TENSILEPRINCIPALSTRESS正交曲线ORTHOGONALCURVES应力迹线STRESSTRAJECTORY应力等值线STRESSCONTOUR局部效应LOCALIZEDEFFECTS应力集中STRESSCONCENTRATION大小，数量MAGNITUDE矩形的RECTANGULAR相交INTERSECT腹板WEB连接JUNCTION角缝FILLETLESSON4CONTINUOUSBEAMS连续梁CONTINUOUSBEAM轴向变形AXIALDEFORMATIONS销轴支承PINSUPPORT辊轴支承ROLLERSUPPORT静不定次数THEDEGREEOFSTATICALINDETERMINCY多余的REDUNDANT叠加、迭加SUPERPOSITION旋转角ANGLESOFROTATION正弯矩POSITIVEBENDINGMOMENT形心间距CENTROIDALDISTANCE惯性矩INERTIA中间的INTERMEDIATE有利的ADVANTAGEOUS同时的SIMULTANEOUS协调一致COMPACTIBILITYLESSON5UNITLOADMETHODFORCALCULATINGDISPLACEMENTS单位荷载法UNITLOADMETHOD简单桁架SIMPLETRUSSES静定/静不定结构STATICALLYDETERMINATE/INDETERMINATESTRUCTURE虚荷载DUMMY/FICTITIOUSLOAD移动TRANSLATION共线反向力COLLINEARANDOPPOSITELYDIRECTEDFORCES虚功VIRTUALWORK相对位移RELATIVEDISPLACEMENT扭转力偶TWISTINGCOUPLE与。一致CORRESPONDTO笼统地INAGENERALIZEDSENSELESSON6RECIPROCALTHEOREMS互等定理RECIPROCALTHEOREMS位移。RECIPROCALDISPLACEMENTTHEOREM线弹性结构LINEARLYELASTICSTRUCTURE相应的概念THECONCEPTOFCORRESPONDENCE迭加原理PRINCIPLEOFSUPERPOSITION应变能STRAINENERGY线性地LINEARLY按顺序INSEQUENCE根据INACCORDANCEWITHLESSON7SLIPFORMS滑模（施工）SLIPFORM凸出物，凸部PROJECTION凹部DEPRESSION挤压成型EXTRUSION企口，沟，槽GROOVE厚板PLANK弯，起拱CAMBER膨胀SWELL架YOKE千斤顶JACK脚手架SCAFFOLD误差DEVIATION推论DERIVATION叠加动词SUPERIMPOSE逐渐变细TAPER桥墩BRIDGEPIERS钢筋和预埋铁件REINFORCINGSTEELANDMETALINSERTS摩擦FRICTION气动PNEUMATICALLY电动ELECTRICALLY减少压力CONTERACTTHEPRESSURE保持湿度KEEPTHECONCRETEMOIST喷雾器FOGSPRAY担任ACTAS在非常情况下INEXTREMECASES第8课升板法LIFTSLABMETHOD施工方法METHODOFCONSTRUCTION连续地INSUCCESSION底层的，下垫的UNDERLYING箱型出口BOXOUT液压千斤顶HYDRAULICJACK锚杆ANCHOR支撑，牛腿，托座BRACKET竖向支撑SWAYBRACING横向支撑LATERALBRACING剪力墙SHEARWALL叠NEST先张法PRETENSIONING后张法POSTTENSIONING突（凸）出的PROTRUDING（开）凹槽RECESS套筒式的TELESCOPIC吊杆，悬臂BOOM焊接WELD屋顶层，阁楼GARRET起重机，吊车CRANE刚度核心COREOFRIGIDITY滑模SLIPFORM布置，定线LAYOUT地震引起的SEISMIC预制，装配PREFABRICTATE第9课挖掘EXCAVATION公制的模数单元METRICMODULARUNITLESSON13STRENGTHANDDEFORMATIONOFCONCRETEINCOMPRESSIONSHORTTIMELOADING短期荷载STRESSSTRAINRELATIONSHIP应力应变关系MODERATETESTINGSPEED中等试验速度COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH抗压强度HIGHSTRENGTHCONCRETE高强混凝土MODULUSOFELASITICITY弹性模量SLOPE斜率STRESSSTRAINCURVE应力应变曲线REASONABLEACCURACY相当精度EMPIRICALEQUATION经验公式UNITWEIGH单位重量HARDENEDCONCRETE硬结的混凝土SANDANDSTONECONCRETE砂石混凝土HYDRATE水化REINFORCEDCONCRETE钢筋混凝土LOWERSTORY较低层的HIGHRISEBUILDING高层建筑BRITTLENESS脆性的SPECIMEN样品LONGITUDINAL轴心的，纵向的SCHEMATICALLY图解法PRESTRESSEDCONCRETE预应力混凝土CYLINDERSTRENGTH圆柱体强度CONDITIONOFLOADING加载条件INTERNALDISINTEGRATIONOFTHEMATERIAL材料内部分裂TRANSVERSETO垂直于POISSIONSRATIO泊松比LONGTIMELOADING长期荷载ENGINEERINGMATERIAL工程材料DURATIONOFLOADING荷载持续时间RATEOFSTRESS应力变化率RATEOFLOADING加载速率BEHAVIOROFCONCRETE混凝土性能CREEP徐变PROPERTYOFMATERIAL材料性能CONTINUEDEFORMING持续变形CONSIDERABLELENGTHOFTIME相当长CONSTANTSTRESS恒定应力INSTANTANEOUSSTRAIN瞬时应变TOTALDEFORMATION总变形SOLIDCURVE实现DASHEDCURVE虚线ELASTICINSTANTANEOUSSTAIN弹性瞬时应变RELOAD重新加载BEPROPORTIONALTO与成比例AMBIENTRELATIVEHUMIDITY环境相对湿度ANOUTWARDMIGRATIONOFFREEPOREWATER游离孔隙水向外流动FINALASYMPTOTICVALUE最终渐近值THECREEPCOEFFICIENT徐变系数LESSON14COMBINEDSTRESS联合应力FOOTING基础SLAB板PRINCIPALSTRESS主应力BIAXIAL双轴的TRIAXIAL三轴的MAXIMUMTENSIONSTRESS最大拉应力MEANNORMALSTRESS平均正应力FAILURECRITERION破环标准INTERACTIONDIAGRAM相关图NONDIMENSIONALIZE使无量纲化NONDIMENSIONAL无量钢的QUADRANT扇形FAILUREENVELOPE破坏包络线UNIAXIALCOMPRESSION单轴压缩LESSON15附加长期绕度ADDITIONALLONGTIMEDEFLECTION收缩SHRINKAGE蠕变CREEP低/高强度LOW/HIGHSTRENGTH一个当量ANEQUIVALENT长期模量SUSTAINEDMODULUS持续荷载SUSTAINEDLOADS瞬时绕度SHORTTIMEDEFLECTION/INSTANTANEOUSDEFLECTION受弯构件FLEXURALMENBER配合曲线CURVEFITTING正弯曲的POSITIVEBENDING负弯曲的NEGATIVEBENDING正弯矩区和负弯矩区POSITIVEANDNEGATIVEBENDINGREGIONS受压筋含钢COMPRESSIONSTEEL受拉筋含钢率TENSILESTEELRADIO参数PARAMETER荷载与绕度LOADDEFLECTION非线性NONLINEAR随时间变化的TIMEDEPENDENT允许PERMIT复杂的ELABORATE场所LIEU直接的EXPLICIT高跨比SPANDEPTHRADIO单向ONEWAY规定SPECIFY考虑TAKEACCOUNTOF指出，提出POINTOUT近于CLOSETO参照，关于WITHREFERENCETO取代，代替INLIEUOF连续梁CONTINUOUSBEAMS荷载持续部分SUSTAINEDPARTOFLOAD总绕度TOTALDEFLECTION短期重荷载HEAVYSHORTTIMELOAD短期峰值荷载SHORTTIMEPEAKLOAD总荷载弯矩图TOTALLOADMOMENTDIAGRAM活荷载LIVELOAD单向实心板SOLIDONEWAYSLABS单向加肋板RIBBEDONEWAYSLABS单位重UNITWEIGHTLESSON16均质的HOMOGENEOUS截面，段，节SECTION结合，粘合BOND胶粘剂，粘着的ADHESIVE接触，连接CONTACT整块，整段SINGLEPIECE抛物线的PARABOLIC自旋，螺旋SPIN边，缘EDGE附近，近处VICINITY中跨MIDSPAN限制，约束CONFINE削弱，损害IMPAIR完整性，完善INTEGRITY适当的，恰当的ADEQUATELY除外EXCEPTFOR特别需要注意BEOFPARTICULARCONCERT弹性材料ELASTICMATERIAL剪应力SHEARSTRESSES弯曲应力BENDINGSTRESSES分层梁LAMINATEDBEAM中和轴NEUTRALAXIS矩形整梁SINGLEPIECERECTANGULARBEAM竖直剪应力VERTICALSHEARSTRESSES横截面面积CROSSSECTIONALAREALESSON17DESIGNFORSHEARANDDIAGONALTENSION剪切与斜向拉伸设计FLEXURALREQUIREMENTS抗弯要求PREMATUREFAILURE过早的破坏LONGITUDINALFLEXURALSTRESS纵向弯曲应力STIRRUP箍筋BENTUPLONGITUDINALSTEEL弯起纵筋AGGREGATEINTERLOCK骨料咬合力MAINTAIN保持INTEGRITY整体性CONCRETECOMPRESSIONZONE混凝土受压区INCLINEDCRACKS斜向裂缝EDGESUPPORTEDSLABS边缘支承体ACICODEPROCEDURES美国混凝土学会规范FACTOREDLOADS计算荷载NOMINALSHEARSTRENGTH标称抗剪强度WEBSTEEL腹筋STRENGTHREDUCTIONFACTOR强度折减系数CONSERVATISM保守主义CONSERVATIVE保守的FAILUREMODE破坏方式SUPPORTREACTIONS支座反力EFFECTIVEDEPTH有效高度TENSILESTEELRATIO受拉钢筋配筋率PROVISION条文（复数PROVISIONS）LONGITUDINALSPACING纵向间距YIELDSTRENGTH屈服强度CONCRETEJOIST混凝土密肋FLANGE翼缘WEBWIDTH腹板宽ELSEWHERE其他部位DOWELACTION销栓作用INITIATE开始LESSON18TORSION扭转TORSIONALSTRENGTH抗扭强度LONGITUDINALSPLITTING纵向劈裂TORQUE扭矩SPIRAL螺旋的INACTUALITY实际上UPONCRACKING一旦开裂TORSIONALRESISTANCE抗扭力CRACKINGTORQUE开裂扭矩TORQUETWISTCURVE扭矩扭转曲线TWIST扭转POTENTIALFAILURESURFACE可能的破坏面BEBOUNDEDBY以为边界INCLINATION倾角PLAIN素的、不配筋的LEGS（箍筋的）肢TWISTINGCOUPLE扭转力偶YIELDPOINT屈服点LEVER杠杆LEVERARM力臂IDENTICAL相同的ANALYTICALLY解析地、分析地PRIMARILY主要地CHIEF主要的ANCHORS锚固VAND成立最外纤维OUTERFIBERS平衡原理REASONSOFEQUILIBRIUM平衡水平剪应力EQUILIBRATINGHORIZONTALSHEARSTRESSES应力轨迹STRESSTRAJECTORIES水平弯曲应力HORIZONTALBENDINGSTRESSES斜向拉伸DIAGONALTENSIONLESSON19VERTICALANDHORIZONTALLOADSVERTICAL/HORIZONTALLOADS垂直、水平荷载FLOORANDROOFLOADS楼面及屋面荷载THEMINIMUMLIVELOADS最小活荷载BUILDINGCODE建筑规范LOCALMUNICIPALCODE地方规范STATECODE国家规范REGIONALCODE地区规范MODELCODESPROPOSEDFORGENERAL通用规范REPRESENTATIVEVALUESOFMINIMUMLIVELOADS最小活荷载代表值UNIFORMLYDISTRIBUTEDLOADSUNIFORMLOAD均布荷载CONCENTRATEDLOADS集中荷载FTSQUARE平方英尺UNIFORMANDCONCENTRATEDLOADS均布及集中荷载IMPACTLOADING冲撞LIVELOAD活荷载FULLYLOADED满载REDUCTION折减DEADLOAD恒荷载MEMBER构件COLUMNLOADS柱荷载DEADWEIGHTOFTHEFLOOR楼板自重DESIGNLOAD设计荷载SUSPENDEDLOAD悬挂荷载SNOWLOADS雪荷载LOCALDEPTHANDDENSITYOFSNOWFALLREPAIRLOADS维修荷载REASONABLESTIFFNESS适当刚度BUILDINGFRAMES建筑框架WINDPRESSURE风压INERTIAFORCES惯性力VERTICALMOTIONOFTHEGROUNDWINDANDEARTHQUAKELOADS风和地震荷载DESIGNWINDPRESSURES设计风压ZONESOFHIGHEARTHQUAKEPROBABILITY地震高发区JOINT节点VERTICALCENTERLINES垂直中心线HORIZONTALCENTERLINES水平中心线PLANESOFTHEFRAMES框架平面BEARINGWALLS承重墙CANTILEVERBEAMS悬臂梁INTEGRALSHEARWALLS剪力墙REINFORCEDCONCRETEBUILDINGS钢筋混凝土建筑NONSTRUCTURAL不承重LIGHTWEIGHTCURTAINWALLS轻质幕墙SHEARRESISTANTVERTICALWALLS垂直剪力墙JOINTSOFTHEFRAME框架节点RELATIVELYRIGIDDIAPHRAGMS刚性隔板LATERALDEFLECTION侧向变形GIVENLEVEL标高楼层COMBINATIONSOFDEADANDLIVELOAD恒、活荷载组合THEMOSTUNFAVORABLYDISTRIBUTEDLIVELOAD最不利活荷载RARITYANDTEMPORARY偶然性临时性SECONDARYEFFECTS次要影响DEADANDLIVELOAD恒、活荷载ACI美国砼协会APPROXIMATEMETHODS近似方法TREAD踏步RECTANGLE矩形LESSON20TYPESOFPRECASTMEMBERSANDASSEMBLIESPRECASTUNITS预制单元EXTERIORWALLPANELS外墙板WALLPANELS墙板CURTAINWALLS幕墙BEARINGWALLS承重墙SANDWICHPANELS夹层板LIGHTWEIGHTCONCRETE轻质砼AGGREGATES骨料COLOREDCEMENT有色水泥CRACKING裂缝MAXIMUMTENSILESTRESS最大拉应力STRAIGHTLINETHEORY线性理论THEMODULUSOFRUPTUREOFTHEPARTICULARCONCRETE砼弯曲抗拉强度ADEQUATEMARGINOFSAFETY安全储备THEMODULUSOFRUPTURE弯曲抗拉强度LIGHTWEIGHTAGGREGATECONCRETE轻骨料砼SANDLIGHTWEIGHTCONCRETE砂质砼SPANLENGTHS跨长MAGNITUDEOFLOADS荷载大小DESIREDFIRERATINGS防火等级CONTINUOUSOVERSEVERALSPANS多跨连续MAGNITUDEOFLOADSDEFLECTIONLIMITATIONS挠度限制INSULATION保温HOLLOWPLANKS空心板DEPTHSRANGEFROM4TOABOUT8IN,WIDTHSFROM2TO厚48英寸，宽24英寸4FTDOUBLETEES双T型板CONCRETETOPPING砼面层PRECASTJOISTS隔栅支承FLOORANDROOFUNITSOFREINFORCED钢筋砼楼板楼面PRESTRESSEDCONCRETE预应力砼QUALITYCONTROL质量控制PRESTRESSEDCONCRETEFLOORANDROOF预应力砼楼板、楼面PRECASTBEAMS预制梁LEGERBEAMS带肩梁PRECASTCOLUMNS预制柱SINGLESTORY单层MULTISTORY多层CORBELS牛腿INTERMEDIATEBEAMS中间连续梁LESSON21FOOTING（FOUNDATION/SUBSTRUCTURE）STRATUMN层、地层（LAYER）SOILSTRATUMPILEN桩CAISSONN沉箱STRAPN条、带COLUMNN柱（INTERIORCOLUMN内柱；EXTERIORCOLUMN外柱）CAPITALN柱顶、柱头PERIMETERN周围、圆周CONCENTRICALLYAD同心的、同轴的ECCENTRICALLYAD偏心的COMPACTEDAD密实的、夯实的SETTLEN沉降TOTALSETTLEMENT总沉降DIFFERENTIALSETTLEMENT不均匀沉降BEARINGPRESSURE支承压力ALLOWABLEBEARINGPRESSURE地基承载力SPREADFOUNDATION扩张基础BEAMANDGIRDERFLOOR肋形楼盖COARSEGRAINEDSOILS粗颗粒土（砂土）CLAYSOILS粘土COMPRESSIBLESOILS压缩性土WALLFOOTING墙基础COLUMNFOOTING柱基础SINGLECOLUMNFOOTING单柱基础（独立柱基础）COMBINEDFOOTING复试基础、联合基础STRAPFOOTING条形基础MATFOUNDATION板式基础、满堂基础RAFTFOUNDATION浮筏基础LESSON22STEPSINSTRUCTUREDESIGNPROCESSESTHETICSN美学DOMINATEVT高耸、于之上AMPLIFICATIONN增大、放大AERODYNAMICA空气动力学的RESPONSEN反应、响应PHASEN方面、相位REVISEVT校正、修正SECONDARYA补充的INELASTICA非弹性的FUNCTIONALREQUIREMENTS功能要求STRUCTUREANDLOADING结构与荷载COSTOFTHESTRUCTURE造价LOADINGCONDITIONS荷载条件PRELIMINARYDESIGN初步设计ALLOWABLESTRESSDESIGN允许应力设计（方法）ANALYSIS分析SELECTIONOFSECTION截面选择（SECTIONMODULUS截面模量；PLASTICMODULUS塑性模量）SECONDARYDESIGNITEMS次要设计项目LOCALBUCKLING局部屈曲DEFLECTIONS扰度STIFFNESS刚度BRITTLEFRACTURE脆断LESSON23干扰，效应DISTURBANCE定位ORIENTATION仓库WAREHOUSE不规则的，不平的UNEVEN跨度，排架间距BAY定性的QUANTITATIVE校正ADJUSTMENT恒载DEADLOAD活荷载LIVELOAD地震效应SEISMICDISTURBANCE吊车运动CRANEMOVEMENT多层建筑MULTISTORYBUILDING最大正力矩MAXIMUMPOSITIVEMOMENT第26课刚架RIGIDFRAME容许应力设计法ALLOWABLESTRESSDESIGN塑性理论设计法PLASTICDESIGN规范SPECIFICATION标准CRITERIA极限承载能力ULTIMATELOADCAPACITY无限塑流UNRESTRAINEDPLASTICFLOW韧性DUCTILITY稳定性STABILITY弹性分析ELASTICANALYSIS塑性分析PLASTICANALYSIS弯矩重分布MOMENTREDISTRIBUTION临界设计弯矩CRISTICALDESIGNMOMENT等截面横梁RAFEROFCONSTANTSECTION加腋，加托臂HAUNCH叠加，重合SUPERPOSITION安全储备MARGINOFSAFETY破坏形式FAILUREMODE结构性能STRUCTURALBEHAVIOR塑性抗弯强度PLASTICBENDINGSTRENGTH非弹性失稳INELASTICINSTABILITY在弯曲平面内INTHEPLANEOFBENDING在弯曲平面外OUTOFTHEPLANEOFBENDING横向扭转屈曲LATERALTORSIONALBUCKLING局部压屈LOCALBUCKLING侧移SIDESWAYLESSON27残余的，残留的RESIDUAL疲劳（乏），视疲劳FATIGUE有关的，相应的PERTINENT钢结构构件STRUCTURALSTEELMEMBER框架FRAMES钢材性能PROPERTIESOFSTEEL规范SPECIFICATIONS容许应力STRESSDESIGN塑性理论PLASTICDESIGN