外文翻译--基于开放式数控系统的雕铣机的设计.doc

英文原文EngravingandMillingMachineDesignBasedonOpenCNCSystemCaoShukuna,SuiZhimingb,LiuLuning,WangGuicong,SongWeiweiSchoolofMechanicalEngineering,UniversityofJinan,ShandongProvince,C,AbstractInviewofapplicationrequirements,controlaxes,thedevelopmentcycleandotherfactorsofopenCNCmachinetools,weconsiderthemodularastheguidingideologyandproposeadesignmethodofthree-dimensionalengravingandmillingmachinebasedonopenCNCsystem.Inthispaperwemakeadetaileddesignformechanismstructureandcontrolsystem.Experimentsshowthatthismachinehasmillingandengravingcapabilities,canprocessmetalandnon-metallicparts,whichisahighefficiency,multi-functionnumericalcontrolequipment.Keywords:engravingandmillingmachine；openCNCsystem；CNCmachinetools；designofmachinetools.IntroductionHigh-speedmachiningiscontemporaryadvancedmanufacturingtechnologyanimportantcomponentofthehigh-efficiency,High-precisionandhighsurfacequality,andotherfeatures.ThisarticlepresentsthetechnicaldefinitionofthecurrentstateofdevelopmentofChinasapplicationfieldsandthedemandsituation.High-speedmachiningisorientedtothe21stcenturyanewhigh-tech,high-efficiency,High-precisionandhighsurfacequalityasabasicfeature,intheautomobileindustry,aerospace,DieManufacturingandinstrumentationindustriesgainedincreasinglywidespreadapplication,andhasmadesignificanttechnicalandeconomicbenefits.Contemporaryadvancedmanufacturingtechnologyanimportantcomponentpart.HSCistoachievehighefficiencyofthecoretechnologymanufacturers,intensiveprocessesandequipmentpackagedsothatithashighproductionefficiency.Itcanbesaidthatthehigh-speedmachiningisanincreaseinthequantityofequipmentsignificantlyimproveprocessingefficiencyessentialtothetechnology.High-speedmachiningisthemajoradvantages:improveproductionefficiency,improveaccuracyandreducetheprocessingofcuttingresistance.Thehigh-speedmachiningofmeaning,atpresentthereisnouniformunderstanding；therearegenerallyseveralpointsasfollows:highcuttingspeed.usuallyfasterthanthatoftheirnormalcutting5-10times；machinetoolspindlespeedhigh,generallyspindlespeedin-20000r/minabove10,000forhigh-speedcutting；Feedathighvelocity,usually15-50m/minupto90m/min；Fordifferentcuttingmaterialsandthewiringusedthetoolmaterial,high-speedcuttingthemeaningisnotnecessarilythesame；Cuttingprocess,bladedthroughfrequency(ToothPassingFrequency)closertothemachine-tool-Workpiecesystemthedominantnaturalfrequency(DominantNaturalFrequency),canbeconsideredtobehigh-speedcutting.Visibilityhigh-speedmachiningisacomprehensiveconcept.1992.Germany,theDarmstadtUniversityofTechnology,ProfessorH.Schulzinthe52ndontheincreaseofhigh-speedcuttingfortheconceptandthescope,asshowninFigure1.Thinkdifferentcuttingtargets,showninthefigureofthetransitionarea(Transition),tobewhatiscommonlycalledthehigh-speedcutting,Thisisalsothetimeofmetalcuttingprocessrelatedtothetechnicalstaffarelookingforwardto,orisexpectedtoachievethecuttingspeed.High-speedmachiningofmachinetools,knivesandcuttingprocessandotheraspectsspecificrequirements.Severalwerefromthefollowingaspects:high-speedmachiningtechnologydevelopmentstatusandtrends.Atthisstage,inordertoachievehigh-speedmachining,generalwiringwithhighflexibilityofhigh-speedCNCmachinetools,machiningcenters,byusingadedicatedhigh-speedmilling,drilling.Theseequipmentincommonis:Wemustalsohavehigh-speedandhigh-speedspindlesystemfeedingsystem,Cuttingcanbeachievedinhigh-speedprocess.High-speedcuttingwiththetraditionalcuttingthebiggestdifferenceisthatMachine-tool-workpiecethedynamiccharacteristicsofcuttingperformanceisstrongerinfluence.Inthesystem,themachinespindlestiffness,griporform,alongknifeset,spindleBroach,torquetoolset,Performancehigh-speedimpactareimportantfactors.Inthehigh-speedcutting,materialremovalrate(MetalRemovalRate,MRR),unittimethatthematerialwasremovedvolume,usuallybasedonthemachine-tool-workpiecewhetherProcessingSystemchatter.Therefore,inordertosatisfythehigh-speedmachiningneeds,wemustfirstimprovethestaticanddynamicstiffnessofmachinespindleisparticularlythestiffnesscharacteristics.HSCreasonatthisstagetobesuccessful,averycrucialfactoristhedynamiccharacteristicsofthemasterandprocessingcapability.Inordertobetterdescribethemachinespindlestiffnesscharacteristicsoftheprojectpresentednewdimensionlessparameter-DNvalue,usedfortheevaluationofthemachinetoolspindlestructureonthehigh-speedmachiningofadaptability.DNvalueoftheso-calledaxisdiameterperminutespeedwiththeproductThenewlydevelopedspindlemachiningcenterDNvalueshavebeengreatoveronemillion.Toreducetheweightbearing,butalsowithanarrayofsteelproductsthantothemuchmorelightceramicballbearings；BearingLubricationmostimpressivemannermixedwithoillubricationmethods.Inthefieldofhigh-speedmachininghaveairbearingsandthedevelopmentofmagneticbearingsandmagneticbearingsandairbearingscombinedconstitutethemagneticgas/airmixingspindle.Feedthemachinesector,high-speedmachiningusedinthefeeddriveisusuallylargerlead,multiplehigh-speedballscrewandballarrayofsmall-diametersiliconnitride(Si3N4)ceramicball,toreduceitscentrifugalandgyroscopictorque；Byusinghollow-coolingtechnologytoreduceoperatingathighspeedballscrewastemperaturegeneratedbythefrictionbetweentheleadscrewandthermaldeformation.Inrecentyears,theuseoflinearmotor-drivenhigh-speedsystemofuptoSuchfeedsystemhasremovedthemotorfromworkstationstoSlideinthemiddleofallmechanicaltransmissionlinks,ImplementationofMachineToolFeedSystemofzerotransmission.BecausenolinearmotorrotatingcomponentsfromtheroleofcentrifugalforcecangreatlyincreasethefeedrateLinearMotoranothermajoradvantageofthetripisunrestricted.Thelinearmotorisaverytimeforacontinuousmachineshopinpossessionofthebed.Resurfacingoftheverymeetingwhereaveryearlystagemovementcango,butthewholesystemofuptothestiffnesswithoutanyinfluence.Byusinghigh-speedscreworlinearmotorcangreatlyenhancemachinesystemofuptotherapidresponse.Themaximumaccelerationlinearmotorsupto2-10G(Gfortheaccelerationofgravity)thelargestfeedrateofupto60-200m/minorhigher.2002world-renownedShanghaiPurdonmaglevtrainprojectofmaglevtracksteelprocessing,UsingtheShenyangMachineToolGroupHoldingsLimitedMcNairfriendshipcompanyproductionplantsintoextra-longhigh-speedsystemforlarge-scaleprocessingcentersachieveThemachinefeedingsystemforthelinearguideandrackgeardrive,thelargesttablefeedrateof60m/min,Quicktripof100m/min,2gacceleration,maximumspeedspindle20000r/min,themainmotorpower80kW.X-axisdistanceofupto30m，25mcuttinglongmaglevtracksteelerrorislessthan0.15mmMaglevtrainsforthesmoothcompletionoftheprojectprovidedastrongguaranteefortechnologyInaddition,thecampaignmachineperformancewillalsodirectlyaffecttheprocessingefficiencyandaccuracyofprocessing.Moldandthefreesurfaceofhigh-speedmachining,themainwiringwithsmallcutdeepintomethodsforprocessingMachinerequirementsinthefeedrateconditions,shouldhavehigh-precisionpositioningfunctionsandhigh-precisioninterpolationfunction,especiallyhigh-precisionarcinterpolation.Arcprocessingistoadoptlegislationorthreadmillingcuttermoldormachiningparts,theessentialprocessingmethods.（1）CuttingToolsToolMaterialdevelopmentHigh-speedcuttingandtechnologicaldevelopmentofthehistory,toolmaterialiscontinuousprogressofhistory.Therepresentationofhigh-speedcuttingtoolmaterialiscubicboronnitride(CBN).FaceMillingCutteruseofCBN,itscuttingspeedcanbeashighas5000m/min,mainlyforthegraycastironmachining.Polycrystallinediamond(PCD)hasbeendescribedasatoolofthe21stcenturytool,Itisparticularlyapplicabletothecuttingaluminumalloycontainingsilicamaterial,whichislightweightmetalmaterials,highstrength,widelyusedintheautomobile,motorcycleengine,electronicdevicesshell,thebase,andsoon.Atpresent,theuseofpolycrystallinediamondcutterFaceMillingalloy,5000mm/minthecuttingspeedhasreachedapracticallevel.Inadditionceramictoolalsoappliestograyironofhigh-speedmachining；（2）ToolCoatingCBNanddiamondcutter,despitegoodhigh-speedperformance,butthecostisrelativelyhigh.Usingthecoatingtechnologytomakecuttingtoolisthelowprice,withexcellentmechanicalproperties,whichcaneffectivelyreducethecost.Nowhigh-speedprocessingofmillingcutter,withmostofthewiringbetweentheTi-A1-Ncompositetechnologyforthewayofmulti-processing,Ifpresentinthenon-ferrousmetaloralloymaterialdrycutting,DLC(DiamondlikeCarbon)coatingonthecutterwasofgreatconcern.Itisexpectedthatthemarketoutlookisverysignificant；（3）ToolclampingsystemToolclampingsystemtosupporthigh-speedcuttingisanimportanttechnology,currentlythemostwidelyusedisatwo-facedtoolclampingsystem.Hasbeenformallyinvestedasacommoditymarketatthesameclampingtoolsystemis:HSK,Kamanabigplus.NC5AHOsystemsInthehigh-speedmachining,toolandfixturerotaryperformanceofthebalancenotonlyaffectstheprecisionmachiningandtoollife.Itwillalsoaffectthelifeofmachinetools.So,thechoiceoftoolsystem,itshouldbeabalancedselectionofgoodproducts.Cuttingspeedofhigh-speedprocessingofconventionalshearvelocityofabout10timesForeverytoothcutterfeedrateremainedbasicallyunchanged,toguaranteepartsmachiningprecision,surfacequalityanddurabilityofthetool,Feedvolumewillalsobeacorrespondingincreaseabout10times,reaching60m/min,Someevenashighas120m/min.Therefore,high-speedmachiningisusuallyprecludedtheuseofhigh-speed,feedanddepthofcutsmallcuttingparameters.Duetothehigh-speedmachiningcuttingcushiontendtobesmall,theformationofverythinchiplight,Cuttingputtheheatawayquickly；Ifthewiringusinganewthermalstabilitybettertoolmaterialsandcoatings,Usingthedrycuttingprocessforhigh-speedmachiningistheidealtechnologyprogram.Toadapttotheneedsofnewmodels,autobodypanelmoldsandresin-preventionblocktheformingdie.Mustshortentheproductioncycleandreducethecostofproductionand,therefore,wemustmakegreateffortstopromotetheproductionofhigh-speeddieintheprocess.SAICaffiliatedwiththecompanythat:Comparedtothepast,finishing,furtherprecision；thesametime,thesurfaceroughnessmustbemet,thebendingofprecision,thisshouldbesubjecttoappropriateintensivemanualprocessing.Duetotheextremelyhighcuttingspeed,andthelastfinishingprocesses,theprocessingcycleshouldbegreatlyreduced.Toplayformachiningcentersandboringandmillingmachiningcentercategoryrepresentedbythehigh-speedmachiningtechnologyandautomatictoolchangefunctionofdistinctionsPotentialtoimproveprocessingefficiency,theprocessingofcomplexpartsusedtobeconcentratedasmuchaspossiblethewiringprocess,thatisafixtureinachievingmultipleprocessescentralizedprocessinganddilutethetraditionalcars,milling,boring,Threadprocessingdifferentcuttingthelimitsoftechnology,equipmentandgivefullplaytothehigh-speedcuttingtoolfunction,NCiscurrentlyraisingmachineefficiencyandspeedupproductdevelopmentinaneffectiveway.Therefore,theproposedmulti-purposetoolofthenewrequirementscallforatooltocompletedifferentpartsofthemachiningprocesses,ATCreducethenumberofATCtosavetime,toreducethequantityandtoolinventory,andmanagementtoreduceproductioncosts.MorecommonlyusedinamultifunctionalToolmillingboringandmilling,drillingmilling,drilling-millingthread-rangetool