2017-2018年历年考研英语真题+答案完美打印版(2017考研英语).doc

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THEIDEASEEMSPROMISING，ANDROSENBERGISAPERCEPTIVEOBSERVERHERCRITIQUEOFTHELAMENESSOFMANYPUBICHEALTHCAMPAIGNSISSPOTONTHEYFAILTOMOBILIZEPEERPRESSUREFORHEALTHYHABITS,ANDTHEYDEMONSTRATEASERIOUSLYFLAWEDUNDERSTANDINGOFPSYCHOLOGY”DARETOBEDIFFERENT,PLEASEDONTSMOKE”PLEADSONEBILLBOARDCAMPAIGNAIMEDATREDUCINGSMOKINGAMONGTEENAGERSTEENAGERS,WHODESIRENOTHINGMORETHANFITTINGINROSENBERGARGUESCONVINCINGLYTHATPUBLICHEALTHADVOCATESOUGHTTOTAKEAPAGEFROMADVERTISERS,SOSKILLEDATAPPLYINGPEERPRESSUREBUTONTHEGENERALEFFECTIVENESSOFTHESOCIALCURE,ROSENBERGISLESSPERSUASIVEJOINTHECLUBISFILLEDWITHTOOMUCHIRRELEVANTDETAILANDNOTENOUGHEXPLORATIONOFTHESOCIALANDBIOLOGICALFACTORSTHATMAKEPEERPRESSURESOPOWERFULTHEMOSTGLARINGFLAWOFTHESOCIALCUREASITSPRESENTEDHEREISTHATITDOESNTWORKVERYWELLFORVERYLONGRAGEAGAINSTTHEHAZEFAILEDONCESTATEFUNDINGWASCUTEVIDENCETHATTHELOVELIFEPROGRAMPRODUCESLASTINGCHANGESISLIMITEDANDMIXEDTHERESNODOUBTTHATOURPEERGROUPSEXERTENORMOUSINFLUENCEONOURBEHAVIORANEMERGINGBODYOFRESEARCHSHOWSTHATPOSITIVEHEALTHHABITSASWELLASNEGATIVEONESSPREADTHROUGHNETWORKSOFFRIENDSVIASOCIALCOMMUNICATIONTHISISASUBTLEFORMOFPEERPRESSUREWEUNCONSCIOUSLYIMITATETHEBEHAVIORWESEEEVERYDAY3FARLESSCERTAIN,HOWEVER,ISHOWSUCCESSFULLYEXPERTSANDBUREAUCRATSCANSELECTOURPEERGROUPSANDSTEERTHEIRACTIVITIESINVIRTUOUSDIRECTIONSITSLIKETHETEACHERWHOBREAKSUPTHETROUBLEMAKERSINTHEBACKROWBYPAIRINGTHEMWITHBETTERBEHAVEDCLASSMATESTHETACTICNEVERREALLYWORKSANDTHATSTHEPROBLEMWITHASOCIALCUREENGINEEREDFROMTHEOUTSIDEINTHEREALWORLD,ASINSCHOOL,WEINSISTONCHOOSINGOUROWNFRIENDS21ACCORDINGTOTHEFIRSTPARAGRAPH,PEERPRESSUREOFTENEMERGESASAASUPPLEMENTTOTHESOCIALCUREBASTIMULUSTOGROUPDYNAMICSCANOBSTACLETOSCHOOLPROGRESSDACAUSEOFUNDESIRABLEBEHAVIORS22ROSENBERGHOLDSTHATPUBLICADVOCATESSHOULDARECRUITPROFESSIONALADVERTISERSBLEARNFROMADVERTISERSEXPERIENCECSTAYAWAYFROMCOMMERCIALADVERTISERSDRECOGNIZETHELIMITATIONSOFADVERTISEMENTS23INTHEAUTHORSVIEW,ROSENBERGSBOOKFAILSTOAADEQUATELYPROBESOCIALANDBIOLOGICALFACTORSBEFFECTIVELYEVADETHEFLAWSOFTHESOCIALCURECILLUSTRATETHEFUNCTIONSOFSTATEFUNDINGDPRODUCEALONGLASTINGSOCIALEFFECT24PARAGRAPH5SHOWSTHATOURIMITATIONOFBEHAVIORSAISHARMFULTOOURNETWORKSOFFRIENDSBWILLMISLEADBEHAVIORALSTUDIESCOCCURSWITHOUTOURREALIZINGITDCANPRODUCENEGATIVEHEALTHHABITS25THEAUTHORSUGGESTSINTHELASTPARAGRAPHTHATTHEEFFECTOFPEERPRESSUREISAHARMFULBDESIRABLECPROFOUNDDQUESTIONABLETEXT2ADEALISADEALEXCEPT,APPARENTLY,WHENENTERGYISINVOLVEDTHECOMPANY,AMAJORENERGYSUPPLIERINNEWENGLAND,PROVOKEDJUSTIFIEDOUTRAGEINVERMONTLASTWEEKWHENITANNOUNCEDITWASRENEGINGONALONGSTANDINGCOMMITMENTTOABIDEBYTHESTRICTNUCLEARREGULATIONSINSTEAD,THECOMPANYHASDONEPRECISELYWHATITHADLONGPROMISEDITWOULDNOTCHALLENGETHECONSTITUTIONALITYOFVERMONTSRULESINTHEFEDERALCOURT,ASPARTOFADESPERATEEFFORTTOKEEPITSVERMONTYANKEENUCLEARPOWERPLANTRUNNINGITSASTUNNINGMOVETHECONFLICTHASBEENSURFACINGSINCE2002,WHENTHECORPORATIONBOUGHTVERMONTSONLY4NUCLEARPOWERPLANT,ANAGINGREACTORINVERNONASACONDITIONOFRECEIVINGSTATEAPPROVALFORTHESALE,THECOMPANYAGREEDTOSEEKPERMISSIONFROMSTATEREGULATORSTOOPERATEPAST2012IN2006,THESTATEWENTASTEPFURTHER,REQUIRINGTHATANYEXTENSIONOFTHEPLANTSLICENSEBESUBJECTTOVERMONTLEGISLATURESAPPROVALTHEN,TOO,THECOMPANYWENTALONGEITHERENTERGYNEVERREALLYINTENDEDTOLIVEBYTHOSECOMMITMENTS,ORITSIMPLYDIDNTFORESEEWHATWOULDHAPPENNEXTASTRINGOFACCIDENTS,INCLUDINGTHEPARTIALCOLLAPSEOFACOOLINGTOWERIN207ANDTHEDISCOVERYOFANUNDERGROUNDPIPESYSTEMLEAKAGE,RAISEDSERIOUSQUESTIONSABOUTBOTHVERMONTYANKEESSAFETYANDENTERGYSMANAGEMENTESPECIALLYAFTERTHECOMPANYMADEMISLEADINGSTATEMENTSABOUTTHEPIPEENRAGEDBYENTERGYSBEHAVIOR,THEVERMONTSENATEVOTED26TO4LASTYEARAGAINSTALLOWINGANEXTENSIONNOWTHECOMPANYISSUDDENLYCLAIMINGTHATTHE2002AGREEMENTISINVALIDBECAUSEOFTHE2006LEGISLATION,ANDTHATONLYTHEFEDERALGOVERNMENTHASREGULATORYPOWEROVERNUCLEARISSUESTHELEGALISSUESINTHECASEAREOBSCUREWHEREASTHESUPREMECOURTHASRULEDTHATSTATESDOHAVESOMEREGULATORYAUTHORITYOVERNUCLEARPOWER,LEGALSCHOLARSSAYTHATVERMONTCASEWILLOFFERAPRECEDENTSETTINGTESTOFHOWFARTHOSEPOWERSEXTENDCERTAINLY,THEREAREVALIDCONCERNSABOUTTHEPATCHWORKREGULATIONSTHATCOULDRESULTIFEVERYSTATESETSITSOWNRULESBUTHADENTERGYKEPTITSWORD,THATDEBATEWOULDBEBESIDETHEPOINTTHECOMPANYSEEMSTOHAVECONCLUDEDTHATITSREPUTATIONINVERMONTISALREADYSODAMAGEDTHATITHASNOTINGLEFTTOLOSEBYGOINGTOWARWITHTHESTATEBUTTHERESHOULDBECONSEQUENCESPERMISSIONTORUNANUCLEARPLANTISAPOBLICTRUSTENTERGYRUNS11OTHERREACTORSINTHEUNITEDSTATES,INCLUDINGPILGRIMNUCLEARSTATIONINPLYMOUTHPLEDGINGTORUNPILGRIMSAFELY,THECOMPANYHASAPPLIEDFORFEDERALPERMISSIONTOKEEPITOPENFORANOTHER20YEARSBUTASTHENUCLEARREGULATORYCOMMISSIONNRCREVIEWSTHECOMPANYSAPPLICATION,ITSHOULDKEEPITMINDWHATPROMISESFROMENTERGYAREWORTH26THEPHRASE“RENEGINGON”LINE3PARA1ISCLOSESTINMEANINGTOACONDEMNINGBREAFFIRMINGCDISHONORINGDSECURING27BYENTERINGINTOTHE2002AGREEMENT,ENTERGYINTENDEDTOAOBTAINPROTECTIONFROMVERMONTREGULATORSBSEEKFAVORFROMTHEFEDERALLEGISLATURECACQUIREANEXTENSIONOFITSBUSINESSLICENSEDGETPERMISSIONTOPURCHASEAPOWERPLANT28ACCORDINGTOPARAGRAPH4,ENTERGYSEEMSTOHAVEPROBLEMSWITHITSAMANAGERIALPRACTICESBTECHNICALINNOVATIVENESSCFINANCIALGOALS5DBUSINESSVISION29INTHEAUTHORSVI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