2008年英语专业四级考试试题及答案

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HENAZISFORTWOYEARS81ATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHEPASSAGE,THEAUTHORINDICATESTHAT_AAMSTERDAMISGENERALLYKNOWNASAQUIETCITYBPARTIESGOONALLDAYLONGINAMSTERDAMCAMSTERDAMPRESENTSTWODIFFERENTPICTURESDAMSTERDAMATTRACTSMANYDAYTIMEVISITORS82WHICHTOURISTATTRACTIONISCITEDFORELABORATIONINPARAGRAPHSFOURANDFIVEAROYALPALACEBDAMSQUARECCLUBPARADISODMAGNAPLAZA83ACCORDINGTOTHEPASSAGE,THELOCALPEOPLEHAVEALLTHEFOLLOWINGCHARACTERISTICSEXCEPT_ATHEYAREPARTYGOERSBTHEYSHOWHOSPITALITYCTHEYCANSPEAKENGLISHDTHEYAREFONDOFCYCLING84WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGADJECTIVESCANBESTDESCRIBEAMSTERDAMASATOURISTCITYAMODERNBDELIGHTFULCQUIETDHISTORICTEXTBINANARTICLESOMECHINESESCHOLARSAREDESCRIBEDASBEING“TANTALIZEDBYTHEMYSTERIOUSDRAGONBONEHIEROGLYPHICS”TANTALIZEDISONEOFMANYENGLISHWORDSTHATHAVETHEIRORIGINSINMYTHSANDLEGENDSOFTHEPASTINTHISCASE,GREEKANDROMANONESTHEMEANINGOFTHEVERBTANTALIZEISAVERYPARTICULARONE“TOPROMISEORSHOWSOMETHINGDESIRABLETOAPERSONANDTHENTAKEITAWAYTOTEASEBYAROUSINGHOPE”MANYBUTNOTALLENGLISHDICTIONARIESGIVEYOUABRIEFINDICATIONOFAWORDSORIGINSINBRACKETSBEFOREORAFTERTHEEXPLANATIONOFTHEMEANINGFORTANTALIZETHEFOLLOWINGEXPLANATIONISGIVENTANTALUSTHISMEANSTHATYOUSHOULDLOOKUPTHENAMETANTALUSTOFINDOUTTHEWORDSORIGINS,ANDIFYOUDO,YOUWILLFINDOUTTHATINGREEKMYTHOLOGY,TANTALUSWASAKINGWHOWASPUNISHEDINTHELOWERWORLDWITHETERNALHUNGERANDTHIRSTHEWASPUTUPTOHISCHININWATERTHATALWAYSMOVEDAWAYWHENHETRIEDTODRINKITANDWITHFRUITONBRANCHESABOVEHIMPLACEDJUSTALITTLEBITOUTOFHISREACHCANYOUSEEWHYHISNAMEWASCHANGEDINTOAVERBMEANING“TOTEASEORTORMENTBYAROUSINGDESIRE”ANOTHEREXAMPLEISTHEWORDSIREN,FAMILIARTOUSASTHEMECHANICALDEVICETHATMAKESSUCHANALARMINGSOUNDWHENPOLICECARS,AMBULANCES,ORFIREENGINESAPPROACHTHISWORDALSOHASITSORIGINSINGREEKMYTHOLOGYTHETRAVELERODYSSEUSULYSSESTOTHEROMANSMADEHISMENPLUGTHEIREARSSOTHATTHEYWOULDNTHEARTHEDANGEROUSVOICESOFTHESIRENS,CREATURESWHOWEREHALFBIRDANDHALFWOMANANDWHOLUREDSAILORSTOTHEIRDEATHSONSHARPROCKSSOTHEWORDCAMETOBEASSOCIATEDBOTHWITHALOUDSOUNDANDWITHDANGERWHENSOMEONESPEAKSOFA“JOVIALMOOD”ORA“HERCULEANEFFORT,”HEORSHEISUSINGWORDSWITHORIGINSINMYTHOLOGYLOOKTHESEWORDSUPTOFINDTHEIRMEANINGANDRELATIONSHIPTOMYTHSMANYCOMMONWORDS,SUCHASTHENAMESFORTHEDAYSOFTHEWEEKANDTHEMONTHSOFTHEYEAR,ALSOCOMEFROMMYTHOLOGYWEDNESDAYDERIVESFROMTHEANCIENTNORSEKINGOFTHEGODS,WODEN,ANDTHURSDAYWASORIGINALLYTHORSDAY,INHONOUROFTHOR,THEGODOFTHUNDERASAMATTEROFFACT,ALLTHEPLANETS,EXCEPTTHEONEWELIVEON,BEARNAMESTHATCOMEFROMROMANMYTHOLOGY,INCLUDINGTHEPLANETTHATISFARTHESTAWAYFROMTHESUNANDFORTHATREASONWASCALLEDAFTERTHEROMANGODOFTHEDEADTHISGODHASALSOGIVENHISNAMETOONEOFTHECHEMICALELEMENTSSEVERALOTHERELEMENTSHAVENAMESTHATCOMEFROMMYTHOLOGY,TOOITSEEMSTHATMYTHSANDLEGENDSLIVEONINTHEENGLISHLANGUAGE85THEPURPOSEOFTHEFIRSTSENTENCEINPARAGRAPHONEIS_ATODESCRIBETHEWORKOFSOMECHINESESCHOLARSBTOAROUSEREADERSINTERESTINHIEROGLYPHICSCTOLEADREADERSONTOTHEMAINTHEMEDTOLINKTHEPRECEDINGPARTTOTHEPRESENTONE86WELEAMFROMTHEPASSAGE,ALLENGLISHDICTIONARIESINCLUDE_ALEGENDSBMYTHOLOGYCWORDORIGINSDWORDDEFINITIONS87THEEXAMPLEOFTANTALIZEISTOSHOW_AHOWTHEWORDCAMEINTOEXISTENCEBHOWTANTALUSWASPUNISHEDINTHELOWERWORLDCHOWALLENGLISHDICTIONARIESSHOWWORDORIGINSDHOWTHEMEANINGOFTHEWORDCHANGEDOVERTHEYEARS88ACCORDINGTOTHEPASSAGE,WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGDOESNOTHAVEORIGINSINMYTHSORLEGENDSAJOVIALBWEDNESDAYCEARTHDMARCH89WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGCANBESTSERVEASTHETITLEOFTHEPASSAGEAGREEKANDROMANMYTHOLOGYINLANGUAGEBMYTHOLOGICALORIGINSOFENGLISHWORDSCHISTORICALCHANGESINWORDMEANINGSDMYTHOLOGYANDCOMMONWORDSTEXTCMYHEARTSANKWHENTHEMANATTHEIMMIGRATIONCOUNTERGESTUREDTOTHEBACKROOMIMANAMERICANBORNANDRAISED,ANDTHISWASMIAMI,WHEREILIVE,BUTTHEYWERENTQUITEREADYTOLETMEINYET“PLEASEWAITINHERE,MSABUJABER,”THEIMMIGRATIONOFFICERSAIDMYHUSBAND,WITHHISVERYAMERICANLASTNAME,ACCOMPANIEDMEHEWASGETTINGUSEDTOTHISTHESAMETHINGHADHAPPENEDRECENTLYINCANADAWHENIDFLOWNTOMONTREALTOSPEAKATABOOKEVENTTHATTIMETHEYHELDMEFOR45MINUTESTODAYWEWERERETURNINGFROMALITERARYFESTIVALINJAMAICA,ANDIWASSTARTLEDTHATIWASBEINGSENT“INBACK”ONCEAGAINTHEOFFICERBEHINDTHECOUNTERCALLEDMEUPANDSAID,“MISS,YOURNAMELOOKSLIKETHENAMEOFSOMEONEWHOSONOURWANTEDLISTWEREGOINGTOHAVETOCHECKYOUOUTWITHWASHINGTON”“HOWLONGWILLITTAKE”“HARDTOSAYAFEWMINUTES,”HESAID“WELLCALLYOUWHENWEREREADYFORYOU”AFTERANHOUR,WASHINGTONSTILLHADNTDECIDEDANYTHINGABOUTME“ISNTTHISCOMPUTERIZED”IASKEDATTHECOUNTER“CANTYOUJUSTLOOKMEUP”JUSTAFEWMOREMINUTES,THEYASSUREDMEAFTERANHOURANDAHALF,IPULLEDMYCELLPHONEOUTTOCALLTHEFRIENDSIWASSUPPOSEDTOMEETTHATEVENINGANOFFICERRUSHEDOVER“NOPHONES”HESAID“FORALLWEKNOWYOUCOULDBECALLINGATERRORISTCELLANDGIVINGTHEMINFORMATION”“IMJUSTAUNIVERSITYPROFESSOR,”ISAIDMYVOICECAMEOUTINASQUEAK“OFCOURSEYOUAREANDWETAKEPEOPLELIKEYOUOUTOFHEREINLEGIRONSEVERYDAY”IPUTMYPHONEAWAYMYHUSBANDANDIWEREGETTINGHUNGRYANDTIREDWHOLEFAMILIESHADBEENBROUGHTINTOTHEWAITINGROOM,ANDTHEPLACEWASPACKEDWITHEXCITABLECHILDREN,EXHAUSTEDPARENTS,EVENAFLIGHTATTENDANTIWANTEDTOSCREAM,TOJUMPONACHAIRANDSHOUT“IMANAMERICANCITIZENANOVELISTIPROBABLYTEACHENGLISHLITERATURETOYOURCHILDREN”ORWOULDTHATALLBECOUNTEDAGAINSTMEAFTERTWOHOURSINDETENTION,IWASAPPROACHEDBYONEOFTHEOFFICERS“YOUREFREETOGO,”HESAIDNOEXPLANATIONORAPOLOGIESFORAMOMENT,NEITHER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