最新2016年电大开放教育政府经济学小抄【选择，判断题】

电大政府经济学期末考试小抄一、单选题（转移性支出）是指BOT的全称是（BUILDOPERATETRANSFER）按课税对象的性（流转税类）按照中华人民（五）按照公债本位对（货币公债和实物公债）按照联合国范本（是否具有经常性住所）部门预算的分类（按部门分类）部门预算下预算（财政部）财政投融资与商（结果的非营利性）城镇土地使用税（从量定额征收）单式预算与复式（预算组织形式）当宏观经济处于（缓和需求不足）当政府收入增长（名义增长，实负增长）当政府收入增长（增长）对于一个公共产（低高中）福利彩票和体育（国务院）改革开放后，我（1981）耕地占用税实行（地区差别幅度定额税率）公共定价的对象（准公共物品）公共事业支出是（购买性支出）公共投资与私人（投资的监管方式不同）公共物品的提供（搭便车现象）公共物品和私人（社会总消费量每个消费者的个人消费量）公共选择的理论（经济学）公共选择理论的（布坎南）公共选择理论研（政府决策）公债负担率是指（当年公债余额当年GDP100）广义的政府收入（包括预算内收入和预算外收入）国际税收的本质（国家与国家之间的税收分配关系）国际税收协定的（免除双重征税）。国家税收制度中（课税对象）国有资产管理体（分级所有、统一管理）国有资产收益的（对国有资产的所有权）国有资产收益的（剩余产品价值）划归中央税的是（税源集中，收入规模较大）绩效预算主要是（美国胡佛委员会）紧缩性的财政政（产出变化不确定，利率下降）经立法机关审查（法律性）科斯定理的前提（交易成本为零或很低）扩张性财政政策（财政政策对社会总需求的不同影响）扩张性的财政政（产出增加，利率变化方向不确定）目前世界上建立（大部分）目前我国企业亏（收入退库）目前在环境保护（庇古税和庇古补贴）纳税期限是税收（固定性）能较好地体现公（累进税率）社会保险不包括（汽车保险）社会保险的特性（强制性）社会保障基金的（现收后付式）社会保障与一般（保障的功能）市场处于不完全（供给量偏低，价格偏高）市场的不完整性（保险市场）税负转嫁是纳税（主动）土地增值税是对国有土地使用权外部效应存在外（罚款或收税）外部效应的产生（产品和劳务的成本、收益绕过价格机制，直接影响他人的利益）外部正效应指的（社会净收益大于个人净收益，产品产量偏低）我国下列税种中（消费税）我国现行企业所（比例税率）我国现行收入分（效率优先兼顾公平）我国于（1996）年我国在对外已经（所得税）。我们大致可以认（亚当斯密）我们通常所说的（完全竞争）西方财政理论中（效用的不可分割性）下列不属于公共（可以克服“免费搭车”的现象）下列不属于市场（个人生活用品）下列部门中属于（工业）下列产品的生产（微软的OFFICE系统）下列措施中可有（提高法定存款准备金率）下列各个政策目（物价稳定）下列经济学家中（科斯）下列描述中不是（每年对所有的收支都进行审核，是一项需要消耗大量人力、物力和财力的工作）下列描述中不属（政府为应对急剧增加的支出，将被迫提高税率或增设新税种）下列商品中税负（供给弹性大、需求弹性小的商品）下列商品中性质（皮衣）下列事项中不属（国有企业核算）下列税种中属于（增值税）下列税种属于直（所得税）下列行为不属于（政府腐败行为）下列行为具有生（兴修水利）下列行为具有消（公共场所吸烟）下列支出项目中（公路）下列属于科斯定（排污权交易）现收现付式筹集（可避免物价上涨后基金贬值的危险）一般来说，下列（火车票）隐性债务是指（没有反映在政府预算帐面上的债务）有些政府支出项（最低费用选择法）在1998年我国实（公共物品也可以由私人提供）资源税实行（定额幅度税率）资源税是对在我（销售数量或自用数量）最早研究外部效（英国经济学家庇古）二多项选择题BOT方式融资的优（解决；能取得；实现、管理）按照计算方法和依（全额；超额；全率；超率）。按照税收负担衡量（货币；真实）不会产生重复课税（两个或两个以上国家采用相同的税收管辖权；两个或两个以上国家对同一税收管辖权做出相同解释）部门预算相对于传（全选）财政补贴从政策目（全选）财政投融资和一般（财政投融资的目的性很强；财政投融资资金的使用，具有鲜明的公共性，追求社会效益的最大化；财政投融资的资金来源具有多样性的特点）偿还债务的资金来（全选）。持续的通货膨胀会（增加；引起；阻碍）从20世纪90年代（废除；改革；开征新）从拉弗曲线我们可（税率的高低和税收量的大小不一定按同一方向变化；政府要想取得同样多的税收收入，可以采取高低两种不同的税率）从社会经济运行过（生产；流通；消费）当社会总需求大于（增加税；减少；中央）第二步利改税的内（盈利；对国营；废除）房产税征收的依据（房产价格；房产租金）非市场方式解决外（罚款；财政；公共）个人所得税的纳税（全选）个人所得税是对（我国居民的境内所得；我国居民的境外所得；非居民来源于我国境内的个人所得）各级政府财政部门（研究；督促；指导）耕地占用税是对全选公共投资范围包括（基础产业投资；农业投资）公共物品私人供给（私人的；私人与政；私人与社）公共物品与私人物（消费的非竞争性；消费的非排他性）公共资源的特征有（稀缺性；使用不受）公债偿还的方法有（全选）。公债流通市场的交（全选）。公债市场功能有（全选）。国有资产收益的形（股；上；租；其）。衡量产业间资源配（劳动力；产值）混合物品具体包括（无排他性或弱排他性，；有排他性；可能发生）货币政策相较于财（内部时滞较短；外部时滞较长）基础设施的特点有（投资；建设；投资；成本）今后我国政府财政（全选）。开设的国库单一账（国库；财政；预算；特设）能起到自动稳定器（超额；有明）判定法人居民的标（总机；公司；注册）判定自然人居民的（住所；时间）判断公债适度规模（全选）。区域经济政策有（全选）社会保险的水平受（经济发展；政府；社会保险）社会保险与普通商（兴办；前者有强制性；前者有福利性）社会保障的功能有（保证；收入；风险；维护）。社会救济的功能有（全选）。社会救济与一般意（两者的性质；两者的效果；两者的目的）税负的转嫁方式有（前；后；散；消）税收三性是指（无偿性；强制性；固定性）所得税的特征有（税负；所得；课税；有利）。通常情况将外部性（全选）。我国1950年发行（国内；实物）我国当前教育支出（教育投资总量相对不足；教育投资过分依赖政府；教育投资的内部结构不合理）下列财政支出中属（基本；企业；科技；农业）。下列各个监测公债（公债负担率；公债偿债率）下列项目中属于国（任免或者；企业重大；对企业国有）下列行为属于生产（兴修；治理；安装）下列属于价内税的（消费税；营业税；关税）下列属于直接税特（税负不易；税收弹性；税负较为）一般而言，社会保（用人；劳动；政府）印花税是对经济活书立；使用；领受营业税的征税范围提供；转让；销售不动产影响政府支出规模（政治性；经济性；社会性）由政府经营公共（增加；提高；更好）与单式预算相比（体现了；有利于提高）与贴现和公开市场（全选）预算收入的征收部（及时、足额征收预算收入；按财政体制）在各国税法和国际（全选）。在公共定价时，政（按边际；按平均；高于平均）在衡量政府支出的（政府；直接；间接）在市场经济中，政府（公共；文化；文化）政府采购一般遵循以（竞争性；公开性；公平性）政府经济的形式主要（政府收入；政府支出；宏观政府经济活动的效率（政府直接；政府通过）政府经济学的学习方（理论；实证；历史）政府履行经济稳定与（物价；充分；国际）政府凭借公共权力取（税收；公共收费）政府失灵的原因包括（政府决策；市场；政府机构；政府在决策）。政府收入的内容主要（税收；公共；国有；公债）政府收入的替代效应（减少重税；增加低税）政府外债的类别有（全选）政府预算具有（全选）的特征。政府预算在执行过程（遇特大；遇国民）政府支出绩效与微观（成本；在具体）制定区域经济政策时（要服从；服从国际；服从全国）组织政府收入的原则（从发展；利益；合理；公平）。三判断题按照政府经济学（错）边际利润大于边（错）布坎南提出的（对）部门预算是市场（对）财政贴息实质是（对）产权的界定和保（对）车船税是对在我错传统的预算编制（错）从公共选择的基（错）当经济过度繁荣（对）房产税是以房产错干预和调节国民（错）耕地占用税是对错公共定价是针对（错）公共投资是政府（对）公共物品的消费（错）公债的债务主体（错）公债即“国债”（错）公债依存度是衡（错）公债最初是作为（对）国际税收的本质（对）国际税收协定适（对）国有资产收益的（对）衡量一国宏观经（对）建国以来，我国（错）经济增长是政府（错）就调控的方式而（错）扩张性的财政政（对）流转税是以商品错免除双重征税是（对）皮考克和怀斯曼（错）如果两个或两个（错）社会主义国家发（错）税法规定纳税人（错）税负转嫁是纳税（对）税收管辖权也称（错）土地增值税是对错我国在对外已经（错）消费税是以所有错行为税是以经济错行政规费是指政（对）一般而言，经济（错）一般来说，预算（错）一般来说，在经（错）一个国家的价格（错）一国实施区域经（错）印花税是对经济对预算的执行原则（错）预算调整的主要（错）预算管理体制的（对）预算外资金的支（错）预算外资金性质（错）在多数裁定原则（错）在管理方式上（对）在市场经济条件下，公共（错）在市场经济条件下，要重（错）在一定时期（对）在政府宏观经济（错）政府财政分配及（对）政府公共投资的（错）政府购买性支出（错）政府收入对纳税（对）政府收入是政府（错）政府外债的币种（错）政府预算收支范（对）准公共物品和公（错）资本主义国家发（错）总的说来，管制（错）请您删除一下内容，O_O谢谢2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄BASKETBALLCANMAKEATRUECLAIMTOBEINGTHEONLYMAJORSPORTTHATISANAMERICANINVENTIONFROMHIGHSCHOOLTOTHEPROFESSIONALLEVEL,BASKETBALLATTRACTSALARGEFOLLOWINGFORLIVEGAMESASWELLASTELEVISIONCOVERAGEOFEVENTSLIKETHENATIONALCOLLEGIATEATHLETICASSOCIATIONNCAAANNUALTOURNAMENTANDTHENATIONALBASKETBALLASSOCIATIONNBAANDWOMENSNATIONALBASKETBALLASSOCIATIONWNBAPLAYOFFSANDITHASALSOMADEAMERICANHEROESOUTOFITSPLAYERANDCOACHLEGENDSLIKEMICHAELJORDAN,LARRYBIRD,EARVIN“MAGIC“JOHNSON,SHERYLSWOOPES,ANDOTHERGREATPLAYERSATTHEHEARTOFTHEGAMEISTHEPLAYINGSPACEANDTHEEQUIPMENTTHESPACEISARECTANGULAR,INDOORCOURTTHEPRINCIPALPIECESOFEQUIPMENTARETHETWOELEVATEDBASKETS,ONEATEACHENDINTHELONGDIRECTIONOFTHECOURT,ANDTHEBASKETBALLITSELFTHEBALLISSPHERICALINSHAPEANDISINFLATEDBASKETBALLSRANGEINSIZEFROM28530IN7276CMINCIRCUMFERENCE,ANDINWEIGHTFROM1822OZ510624GFORPLAYERSBELOWTHEHIGHSCHOOLLEVEL,ASMALLERBALLISUSED,BUTTHEBALLINMENSGAMESMEASURES29530IN7576CMINCIRCUMFERENCE,ANDAWOMENSBALLIS28529IN7274CMINCIRCUMFERENCETHECOVERINGOFTHEBALLISLEATHER,RUBBER,COMPOSITION,ORSYNTHETIC,ALTHOUGHLEATHERCOVERSONLYAREDICTATEDBYRULESFORCOLLEGEPLAY,UNLESSTHETEAMSAGREEOTHERWISEORANGEISTHEREGULATIONCOLORATALLLEVELSOFPLAY,THEHOMETEAMPROVIDESTHEBALLINFLATIONOFTHEBALLISBASEDONTHEHEIGHTOFTHEBALLSBOUNCEINSIDETHECOVERINGORCASING,ARUBBERBLADDERHOLDSAIRTHEBALLMUSTBEINFLATEDTOAPRESSURESUFFICIENTTOMAKEITREBOUNDTOAHEIGHTMEASUREDTOTHETOPOFTHEBALLOF4954IN1214MWHENITISDROPPEDONASOLIDWOODENFLOORFROMASTARTINGHEIGHTOF6FT180MMEASUREDFROMTHEBOTTOMOFTHEBALLTHEFACTORYMUSTTESTTHEBALLS,ANDTHEAIRPRESSURETHATMAKESTHEBALLLEGALINKEEPINGWITHTHEBOUNCETESTISSTAMPEDONTHEBALLDURINGTHEINTENSITYOFHIGHSCHOOLANDCOLLEGETOURNEYSANDTHEPROFESSIONALPLAYOFFS,THISINFLATEDSPHERECOMMANDSCONSIDERABLEATTENTIONBASKETBALLISONEOFFEWSPORTSWITHAKNOWNDATEOFBIRTHONDECEMBER1,1891,INSPRINGFIELD,MASSACHUSETTS,JAMESNAISMITHHUNGTWOHALFBUSHELPEACHBASKETSATTHEOPPOSITEENDSOFAGYMNASIUMANDOUTLINED13RULESBASEDONFIVEPRINCIPLESTOHISSTUDENTSATTHEINTERNATIONALTRAININGSCHOOLOFTHEYOUNGMENSCHRISTIANASSOCIATIONYMCA,WHICHLATERBECAMESPRINGFIELDCOLLEGENAISMITH18611939WASAPHYSICALEDUCATIONTEACHERWHOWASSEEKINGATEAMSPORTWITHLIMITEDPHYSICALCONTACTBUTALOTOFRUNNING,JUMPING,SHOOTING,ANDTHEHANDEYECOORDINATIONREQUIREDINHANDLINGABALLTHEPEACHBASKETSHEHUNGASGOALSGAVETHESPORTTHENAMEOFBASKETBALLHISSTUDENTSWEREEXCITEDABOUTTHEGAME,ANDCHRISTMASVACATIONGAVETHEMTHECHANCETOTELLTHEIRFRIENDSANDPEOPLEATTHEIRLOCALYMCASABOUTTHEGAMETHEASSOCIATIONLEADERSWROTETONAISMITHASKINGFORCOPIESOFTHERULES,ANDTHEYWEREPUBLISHEDINTHETRIANGLE,THESCHOOLNEWSPAPER,ONJANUARY15,1892NAISMITHSFIVEBASICPRINCIPLESCENTERONTHEBALL,WHICHWASDESCRIBEDAS“LARGE,LIGHT,ANDHANDLEDWITHTHEHANDS“PLAYERSCOULDNOTMOVETHEBALLBYRUNNINGALONE,ANDNONEOFTHEPLAYERSWASRESTRICTEDAGAINSTHANDLINGTHEBALLTHEPLAYINGAREAWASALSOOPENTOALLPLAYERS,BUTTHEREWASTOBENOPHYSICALCONTACTBETWEENPLAYERSTHEBALLWASTHEOBJECTIVETOSCORE,THEBALLHADTOBESHOTTHROUGHAHORIZONTAL,ELEVATEDGOALTHETEAMWITHTHEMOSTPOINTSATTHEENDOFANALLOTTEDTIMEPERIODWINSEARLYINTHEHISTORYOFBASKETBALL,THELOCALYMCASPROVIDEDTHEGYMNASIUMS,ANDMEMBERSHIPINTHEORGANIZATIONGREWRAPIDLYTHESIZEOFTHELOCALGYMDICTATEDTHENUMBEROFPLAYERSSMALLERGYMSUSEDFIVEPLAYERSONASIDE,ANDTHELARGERGYMSALLOWEDSEVENTONINETHETEAMSIZEBECAMEGENERALLYESTABLISHEDASFIVEIN1895,AND,IN1897,THISWASMADEFORMALINTHERULESTHEYMCALOSTINTERESTINSUPPORTINGTHEGAMEBECAUSE1020BASKETBALLPLAYERSMONOPOLIZEDAGYMNASIUMPREVIOUSLYUSEDBYMANYMOREINAVARIETYOFACTIVITIESYMCAMEMBERSHIPDROPPED,ANDBASKETBALLENTHUSIASTSPLAYEDINLOCALHALLSTHISLEDTOTHEBUILDINGOFBASKETBALLGYMNASIUMSATSCHOOLSANDCOLLEGESANDALSOTOTHEFORMATIONOFPROFESSIONALLEAGUESALTHOUGHBASKETBALLWASBORNINTHEUNITEDSTATES,FIVEOFNAISMITHSORIGINALPLAYERSWERECANADIANS,ANDTHEGAMESPREADTOCANADAIMMEDIATELYITWASPLAYEDINFRANCEBY1893ENGLANDIN1894AUSTRALIA,CHINA,ANDINDIABETWEEN1895AND1900ANDJAPANIN1900FROM1891THROUGH1893,ASOCCERBALLWASUSEDTOPLAYBASKETBALLTHEFIRSTBASKETBALLWASMANUFACTUREDIN1894ITWAS32IN81CMINCIRCUMFERENCE,ORABOUT4IN10CMLARGERTHANASOCCERBALLTHEDEDICATEDBASKETBALLWASMADEOFLACEDLEATHERANDWEIGHEDLESSTHAN20OZ567GTHEFIRSTMOLDEDBALLTHATELIMINATEDTHENEEDFORLACESWASINTRODUCEDIN1948ITSCONSTRUCTIONANDSIZEOF30IN76CMWERERULEDOFFICIALIN1949THERULESETTERSCAMEFROMSEVERALGROUPSEARLYINTHE1900SCOLLEGESANDUNIVERSITIESESTABLISHEDTHEIRRULESCOMMITTEESIN1905,THEYMCAANDTHEAMATEURATHLETICUNIONAAUCREATEDASETOFRULESJOINTLY,STATEMILITIAGROUPSABIDEDBYASHAREDSETOFRULES,ANDTHEREWERETWOPROFESSIONALSETSOFRULESAJOINTRULESCOMMITTEEFORCOLLEGES,THEAAU,ANDTHEYMCAWASCREATEDIN1915,AND,UNDERTHENAMETHENATIONALBASKETBALLCOMMITTEENBCMADERULESFORAMATEURPLAYUNTIL1979INTHATYEAR,THENATIONALFEDERATIONOFSTATEHIGHSCHOOLASSOCIATIONSBEGANGOVERNINGTHESPORTATTHEHIGHSCHOOLLEVEL,ANDTHENCAARULESCOMMITTEEASSUMEDRULEMAKINGRESPONSIBILITIESFORJUNIORCOLLEGES,COLLEGES,ANDTHEARMEDFORCES,WITHASIMILARCOMMITTEEHOLDINGJURISDICTIONOVERWOMENSBASKETBALLUNTILWORLDWARII,BASKETBALLBECAMEINCREASINGLYPOPULARINTHEUNITEDSTATESESPECIALLYATTHEHIGHSCHOOLANDCOLLEGELEVELSAFTERWORLDWARII,ITSPOPULARITYGREWAROUNDTHEWORLDINTHE1980S,INTERESTINTHEGAMETRULYEXPLODEDBECAUSEOFTELEVISIONEXPOSUREBROADCASTOFTHENCAACHAMPIONSHIPGAMESBEGANIN1963,AND,BYTHE1980S,CABLETELEVISIONWASCARRYINGREGULARSEASONCOLLEGEGAMESANDEVENHIGHSCHOOLCHAMPIONSHIPSINSOMESTATESPLAYERSLIKEBILLRUSSELL,WILTCHAMBERLAIN,ANDLEWALCINDORKAREEMABDULJABBARBECAMENATIONALLYFAMOUSATTHECOLLEGELEVELANDCARRIEDTHEIRFANSALONGINTHEIRPROFESSIONALBASKETBALLCAREERSTHEWOMENSGAMECHANGEDRADICALLYIN1971WHENSEPARATERULESFORWOMENWEREMODIFIEDTOMORECLOSELYRESEMBLETHEMENSGAMETELEVISIONINTERESTFOLLOWEDTHEWOMENASWELLWITHBROADCASTOFNCAACHAMPIONSHIPTOURNEYSBEGINNINGINTHEEARLY1980SANDTHEFORMATIONOFTHEWNBAIN1997INTERNATIONALLY,ITALYHASPROBABLYBECOMETHELEADINGBASKETBALLNATIONOUTSIDEOFTHEUNITEDSTATES,WITHNATIONAL,CORPORATE,ANDPROFESSIONALTEAMSTHEOLYMPICSBOOSTSBASKETBALLINTERNATIONALLYANDHASALSOSPURREDTHEWOMENSGAMEBYRECOGNIZINGITASANOLYMPICEVENTIN1976AGAIN,TELEVISIONCOVERAGEOFTHEOLYMPICSHASBEENEXCEPTIONALLYIMPORTANTINDRAWINGATTENTIONTOINTERNATIONALTEAMSTHEFIRSTPROFESSIONALMENSBASKETBALLLEAGUEINTHEUNITEDSTATESWASTHENATIONALBASKETBALLLEAGUENBL,WHICHDEBUTEDIN18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