毕业论文-基于stc89c52rc单片机的漏电保护控制器研制

论文题目基于STC89C52RC单片机的漏电保护控制器研制专业电气工程及其自动化摘要漏电保护是煤矿井下供电系统保护的重要保护之一，随着煤矿现代化程度的不断提高，对煤矿井下供电系统的可靠性、安全性和连续性的要求越来越高。煤矿井下工作环境恶劣，经常出现漏电故障，漏电故障如不及时排除会存在较大的危害，如可引起瓦斯爆炸，煤尘的爆炸，提前点燃雷管等事故，直接危及人身安全，因此煤矿井下电网必须装设漏电保护装置。本文利用附加直流电源检漏的原理，针对煤矿井下不同的电压等级，设计出了基于51单片机的漏电保护控制器。该控制器硬件漏电信号的采集与处理单元、信息的显示单元、报警与跳闸的执行单元；软件并采用模块化的软件设计思路，包括系统初始化、数据采集、数据处理、显示这些模块。该控制器可对煤矿井下低压系统漏电故障迅速准确的作出判断，发出跳闸和报警信号，切除干线故障。经过硬件和软件的调试达到了预期要求。关键词单片机，附加直流，绝缘电阻，漏电保护目录第1章前言111课题研究的背景及意义112井下低压电网漏电保护的发展及现状113课题研究的主要内容2第2章设计理论基础421煤矿井下低压电网漏电故障分析422附加直流电源漏电保护原理5第3章设计方案631硬件设计方案6311控制器的硬件设计要求6312设计思路6313主回路7314信号处理7315A/D转换电路9316单片机芯片STC89C52RC10317显示电路12318控制、驱动、执行电路13319电源部分1332软件设计14321初始化设置14322信号采集模块14323数据处理模块15324显示模块16第4章系统调试1741硬件调试17411主回路的调试17412信号采集单元的调试17413显示单元调试17414数据转换单元调试18415控制、驱动、执行单元调试18416硬件综合调试1842软件调试18第5章总结19致谢20参考文献21附录系统硬件图22附录系统软件23前言11课题研究的背景及意义漏电保护是煤矿井下供电系统的三大保护（过流保护、漏电保护、接地保护）之一1。漏电故障不但会导致人身触电，还会形成单相接地故障，如不及时排除还会发展为相间短路故障，产生的电弧还有可能造成瓦斯和煤尘的爆炸。所以为了确保人身安全，避免因漏电引起的瓦斯、煤尘爆炸，煤矿安全规程2规定，在煤矿井下低压电网必须漏电或选择性漏电保护装置。设置完善的漏电保护装置，在漏电时有效的切除故障，可以避免因此产生的人身或生产事故，大大提高供电系统的安全性和可靠性。因此，研究高可靠性的漏电保护装置对煤矿井下人身及生产安全有着深远的影响和巨大的应用价值。12井下低压电网漏电保护的发展及现状漏电保护技术是确保生命安全和设备安全的一项重要电力技术。漏电保护装置的发展大约经历了三个阶段3。1912年德国正式发明了电压型漏电保护器标志着漏电保护器进入了初始发展阶段4。20世纪50年代，美、德、日、法相继研制出来灵敏度为30MA的电流型漏电保护器，漏电保护装置技术进入发展阶段5。20世纪70年代，各国开始制定规程，强制在一些场所安装漏电保护器，标志着漏电保护装置的发展进入成熟阶段6。我国研究漏电保护器起步晚于国外，进入20世纪70年代我国用电量逐年增加，触电事故也随之增加，为了适应新形势的发展需要，煤炭工业部于1982年，在江苏省徐州市中国矿业学院召开了煤炭系统的第二次全国性漏电保护会议，总结了前一段时间的漏电保护科研工作，并为今后继续开展漏电保护指出了方向7。会议认为，应当开展低压电网选择性漏电保护装置的研究、超前切断电源装置的研究、漏电保护安全参数的研究、直流架线式电网漏电保护装置的研究以及矿井低压电网绝缘阻抗值的测定等项工作。1986年我国制定了国家标准GB6829漏电电流动作保护器（剩余电流动作保护器），1995年进行了重新修订，明确规定了漏电保护器产品的标准要求、工作条件和试验方法，从此我国漏电保护器产品的设计和生产进入科学化、规范化阶段，产品系列逐步齐全，产品质量稳步提高，并逐步强制规定用户安装漏电保护器8。我国在20世纪50年代初，引进了苏联的漏电保护装置，并在矿井中推广应用。同时研制成JY82型隔爆检漏继电器产品，一直沿用到80年代末，甚至有的矿井现在还在使用，随着煤炭生产机械化程度的提高，这种产品逐渐不能适应生产的要求。因此，60年代我国自行设计和生产了JL80、JL82型隔爆检漏继电器9。70年代又研制生产了JJKB30型隔爆检漏继电器，随着科学技术的发展和矿井电网电压等级的升高，我国自行研制了多种类型的漏电保护装置10。随着计算机、微电子技术的发展，单片机功能也越来越丰富，价格低廉，以单片机为核心的保护系统具有全面采集，快速分析，实时监控等特点，可以独立的完成现代工业控制所要求的智能化控制功能；能够取代以前利用复杂电子线路或数字电路构成的控制系统。现在，单片机控制范畴无所不在，例如通信产品、家用电器、智能仪器仪表、过程控制和专用控制装置等，单片机应用领域越来越广泛。单片机在漏电保护系统的应用能有效的解决漏电保护系统运行不稳，监控不可靠的缺陷，安全性、可靠性、自动化程度显著提高11。从北京国际煤炭博览会上看，1995年国外防爆开关实现微机测控的仅有英国ALLENWEST公司等少数几个厂家，到1997年国，大部分国外厂家的馈电开关与磁力启动器均已采用微机测控12。例如，英国BRUSH变压器公司生产的移动变电站和BALDWIN输出钳位二极管输入兼容各种类型的逻辑电路应用继电器驱动器。319电源部分各个部分要正常工作还需要提供正确的电压。主回路部分要36V的直流电源，单片机，ADC0809，LCD1602使用5V电源，继电器采用的是12V直流继电器，因此需要12V的电源。为了控制器的稳定运行，不同电压源的接地采用光耦进行了隔离。32软件设计软件要根据硬件电路接线，实现数据采集、处理、显示以及各种控制指令的读取和发出，实现漏电保护控制器所要求的功能。此次设计采用C语言编程，易于模块化编程的实现，以及检查和修改。软件包括以下几个模块数据采集模块、数据处理模块、显示模块。流程图如图310所示主程序信号采集信号处理显示通信图310软件组成模块321初始化设置初始化包括IO口初始化、定时器初始化、LCD初始化和变量初始化。IO口初始化完成各端口高低电平的状态设置定时器初始化完成中断寄存器的开启及清零，准备计时，为ADC0809提供时钟信号。LCD初始化完成LCD1602的基本设置，包括清除屏幕，双行显示57字符，开显示，关光标。322信号采集模块流程图如图311所示对照图36，信号采集执行过程如下YYINCLUDEDEFINEUCHARUNSIGNEDCHARDEFINEUINTUNSIGNEDINTSBITSTARTP31SBITOEP30SBITEOCP32SBITCLKP33SBITK1P21SBITK2P20SBITLED1P24SBITLED2P23SBITLED3P22SBITKPP25UCHARADVAL,WAN,QIAN,BAI,SHI,GEUINTVAL,R,S,BVOIDTIMER0_INITTMOD0X01TH065536200/256TL065536200256EA1ET01TR01VOIDTIMER0INTERRUPT3TH065536200/256TL065536200256CLKCLKVOIDMAININTI,JLCD_INITTIMER0_INITK11LED10K21LED20LED30KP0I2LED31LOOPDELAYS10II1J0JI3SWITCHJCASE0LCD_WRITECOM0X80LCD_WRITESTRING“U/VSR633K“DISPLAY0X0F,0XF40X30LCD_WRITECOM0X800X40LCD_WRITESTRING“380“B800S675BREAKCASE1LCD_WRITECOM0X80LCD_WRITESTRING“U/VSR1170K“DISPLAY0X0F,0XF40X30LCD_WRITECOM0X800X40LCD_WRITESTRING“660“B1400S1210BREAKCASE2LCD_WRITECOM0X80LCD_WRITESTRING“U/VSR2100K“DISPLAY0X0F,0XF40X30LCD_WRITECOM0X800X40LCD_WRITESTRING“1140“B2500S2140WHILE1START1START0WHILEEOC0OE1ADVALP0OE0VAL99/ADVAL10/25552030100WANVAL/10000QIANVAL10000/1000BAIVAL1000/100SHIVAL100/10GEVAL10IFWAN0X00/高位为0，不显示WAN0X200X30为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O_O谢谢ALARGEGROUPOFTEAMERCHANTSONCAMELSANDHORSESFROMNORTHWESTCHINASSHAANXIPROVINCEPASSTHROUGHASTOPONTHEANCIENTSILKROAD,GANSUSZHANGYECITYDURINGTHEIRJOURNEYTOKAZAKHSTAN,MAY5,2015THECARAVAN,CONSISTINGOFMORETHAN100CAMELS,THREEHORSEDRAWNCARRIAGESANDFOURSUPPORTVEHICLES,STARTEDTHETRIPFROMJINGYANGCOUNTYINSHAANXIONSEPT19,2014ITWILLPASSTHROUGHGANSUPROVINCEANDXINJIANGUYGURAUTONOMOUSREGION,ANDFINALLYARRIVEINALMATY,FORMERLYKNOWNASALMAATA,THELARGESTCITYINKAZAKHSTAN,ANDDUNGANINZHAMBYLPROVINCETHETRIPWILLCOVERABOUT15,000KILOMETERSANDTAKETHECARAVANMORETHANONEYEARTOCOMPLETETHECARAVANISEXPECTEDTORETURNTOJINGYANGINMARCH2016THENTHEYWILLCOMEBACK,CARRYINGSPECIALTYPRODUCTSFROMKAZAKHSTANASMALLARTTROUPEFOUNDEDSIXDECADESAGOHASGROWNINTOAHOUSEHOLDNAMEINTHEINNERMONGOLIAAUTONOMOUSREGIONINTHE1950S,ULANMUQIRARTTROUPEWASCREATEDBYNINEYOUNGMUSICIANS,WHOTOUREDREMOTEVILLAGESONHORSESANDPERFORMEDTRADITIONALMONGOLIANMUSICANDDANCESFORNOMADICFAMILIESTHE54YEAROLDWASBORNINTONGLIAO,INEASTERNINNERMONGOLIAANDJOINEDTHETROUPEIN1975HESAYSTHEREARE74BRANCHTROUPESACROSSINNERMONGOLIAANDACTORSGIVEAROUND100SHOWSEVERYYEARTOLOCALNOMADICPEOPLE“ICANSTILLRECALLTHEDAYSWHENITOUREDWITHTHETROUPEINTHEEARLY80SWESATONTHEBACKOFPICKUPTRUCKSFORHOURSTHESKYWASBLUE,ANDWECOULDNTHELPBUTSINGTHEFOLKSONGS,“NASUNSAYSTHEVASTNESSOFINNERMONGOLIAANDTHELACKOFENTERTAINMENTOPTIO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