[毕业设计精品]基于单片机的超声波测距系统的研究与设计 包含开题报告

A1A0A2A31毕业设计基于单片机的超声波测距系统的研究与设计RESEARCHANDDESIGNOFULTRASONICWAVEBASEDONSINGLECHIP2010届电气工程系专业电气工程及其自动化学号学生姓名指导教师完成日期2010年6月1日A4A5A6A72毕业设计成绩单A8A9A10A11A8A9A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A19A20A21A22A23A24A25A15A26A27A26A27A28A29基于单片机的超声波测距系统研究与设计A30A31A32A33A30A31A32A33A10A11A30A31A32A33A34A35A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A41A39A40A42A43A44A45A44A45A46A47A38A48A49A46A47A50A51A52A53A53A54A46A47A55A56A57A583A40A41A59A60A61A62A60A61A63A64A64A65A652010A666A679A68毕业设计任务书A69A70基于单片机的超声波测距系统研究与设计A71A72A73A74A72A73A71A75A76A77专业A78A79A80A81A82A83A84A85A86A87A88A89A90A91A92A87A88A89A90A93A94A93A94A95A96A97A98A99A100A101A102A103A100A101A104A105A106A107A108A109A110A1114A112A113A114A115A116A117A118A119A120A121A122A123A124A125A126A127A128A129A130A131A132A133A134A135A136A137A118A138A139A140A124A125A126A127A128A129A130A141A142A124A125A126A143A144A145A146A137A147A126A148A149A145A146A150A151A152A153A154A129A130A155A156A157A158A159A160A145A146A161A162A163A164A165A138A166A167A168A169A134A135A137A170A171A172A173A169A123A134A135A137A170A171A161A174A175A134A135A164A176A145A146A177A178A164A165A179A180A134A135A181A182A183A161A184A113A185A186A187A188A118A119A120A121A12289C51A123A124A125A126A127A128A129A130A161A189A190A120A121A122A191A192A124A125A126A123A143A144A133A148A149A178A193A194A195A196A120A121A122A197A198A150A199A200A143A144A124A125A126A150A148A149A201A147A126A123A202A203A204A178A205A119A124A125A126A206A158A207A157A158A208A209A210A211A212A178A153A190DS1820A127A213A214A215A157A158A178A216A217A124A125A126A206A158A218A219A220A221A178A218A222A135A223A175A127A213A128A224A161A124A125A126A127A128A129A130A141A142A124A125A126A143A144A145A146A137A147A126A148A149A145A146A150A151A152A153A154A129A130A155A156A157A158A159A160A145A146A161A225A113A226A227A228A229A230A231A232A178A233A234A235A236A237A238A239A239A240A241A133A242A230A178A243A244A178A245A246A247A248A145A175A249A250A251A252A253A178A254A255A137A140A141A0A120A121A122A20A190A134A135A178A144A1A2A178A144A1A2A3A180A212A4A175A249A250A148A5A6A178A120A121A122A230A7A8A9A255A141A0A20A190A143A10A134A135A178A243A244A178A145A11A3A180A175A249A250A156A137A218A158A135A106A0A158A170A131A137A149A154A159A12A161A158A162A13A137A164A14A15A16A168A158A134A135A137A135A223A137A169A177A161A158A170A17A134A135A181A182A183A18A19A21A22A23A24A25A19A21A22A23A51A522010A40A53A41A54A42A26A27A28A295毕业设计开题报告A30A31基于单片机的超声波测距系统的研究与设计A32A33A34A35A33A34A32A36A37A38A166A39A43A39A43A44A45A46A47A48A49A50A55A56A172A57A58A59A60A61A175A128A62A63A64A65A66A67A68A69A70A71A72A73A55A74A75A76A77A186A76A78A79A80A81A82A83A84A85A81A82A86A83A84A194A87A88A77A89A90A81A82A86A83A84A197A91A89A66A92A77A199A70A81A82A83A84A76A197A91A93A66A92A94A201A95A76A89A66A92A78A79A91A96A97A86A83A84A96A97A98A83A84A94A69A70A89A66A92A99A100A101A102A77A63A177A103A104A105A107A77A80A189A108A109A110A111A76A112A113A114A115A77A218A116A89A66A92A117A201A95A70A112A113A76A118A177A77A220A118A112A119A120A71A121A118A177A119A221A122A123A124A125A90A89A66A92A126A127A129A94A130A95A89A66A92A131A118A132A132A133A114A134A135A57A166A136A57A138A139A142A145A57A233A70A146A65A127A147A149A150A77A151A152A80A118A177A153A154A166A155A63A157A65A46A160A127A95A76A163A165A94A89A66A92A167A171A124A173A174A76A176A95A70A46A178A160A75A74A77A125A179A77A244A180A124A48A181A95A44A182A221A183A184A94A185A57A250A88A187A58A59A129A188A175A250A88A89A66A92A118A112A119A167A171A190A191A77A192A193A195A196A198A200A202A203A204A205A206A207A208A209A210A192A193A211A212A213A214A215A216A217A219A215A222A196A223A224A225A226A202A227A228A229A230A231A232A234A205A206A207A208A209A235A236A237A238A239A240A208A205A206A207A241A242A243A245A246A247A248A249A251A252A242A253A254A207A215A255A110A208A0A241A242A1A2A3A254A207A253A23A4A5A19A6A21A243A254A0A209A139A22A138A19A7A161A215A24A214A253A138A198A205A206A207A207A26A202A93A8A205A206A207A25A235A180A9A206A207A215A11A206A26A138A32A52A10A27A12A202A189A29A78A23A215A220A30A52A10A31A14A238A100A215A13A224A33A198A206A26A235A15A16A238A31A253A202A220A30A208A209A17A10A18A254A34A113A215A13A143A236A237A52A10A20A28A253A231A35A36A51A37A109A202A206A26A38A226A243A215A39A18A208A40A205A206A207A41A42A253A23A4A215A43A224A254A40A209A44A202A45A46A235A205A206A207A208A209A210A253A47A48A215A49A50A47A53A54A119A55A56A138A57A58A59A241A0A60A61A253A62A190A63A191A64A243A212A6A219A65A100A243A236A237A205A206A207A66A196A177A67A0A68A252A242A243A253A205A206A207A219A205A206A207A66A196A177A69A198A70A71A253A67A123A6A72A73A102A74A75A243A212A72A226A6A192A184A72A226A243A212A76A77A49A50A47A214A239A79A80A6A40A0A23A4A19A6A104A93A70A71A81A82A74A11A83A84A85A86A228A87A88A243A6A73A143A253A85A86A89A30A90A91A92A121A94A95A96A97A98A99A83A84A96A97A202A101A228A103A105A89A30A234A49A50A47A53A54A119A55A56A138A57A58A59A241A0A60A61A253A62A190A63A191A64A243A212,A219A65A100A243A236A237A205A206A207A66A196A177A67A0A252A242A243A253A205A206A207A219A205A206A207A66A196A177A69A198A70A71A253A67A123,A72A73A102A74A75A243A212A72A226,A192A184A72A226A243A212A76A77A49A50A47A214A239A79A80,A40A0A23A4T,A104A93A70A71A81A82A74A11A83A84A85A86A228A87A88A243,A73A143A253A85A86A89A30A90A91A92LEDA96A97A98A99A83A84A96A97A106指导教师签字时间2010年3月19日A107A108A111A1126摘要随着科学技术的快速发展，超声波将在传感器中的应用越来越广。但就目前技术水平来说，人们可以具体利用的传感技术还十分有限，因此，这是一个正在蓬勃发展而又有无限前景的技术及产业领域。展望未来，超声波传感器作为一种新型的非常重要有用的工具在各方面都将有很大的发展空间，它将朝着更加高定位高精度的方向发展，以满足日益发展的社会需求，如声纳的发展趋势基G7424为G726研G2058具有更高定位精度的G15999G2172测距声纳，以满足水中G8506器G4466G7057G1852G19556G15121G6927G1999的需要G727G13499G13505发展G18331用G1314G20069G13459G16901G7828测的G9520G14363G6314G7367G13459G2027G19465声纳，G4466G10628超G17840G12255的G15999G2172G6518测G2656G16794G2047G17无G5260G13634G11109，未来的超声波传感器将与G14270G2172G2282G7246G14033G2282G6521G17724，与G1866G1194的传感器G19610G6116G2656G15713G2524，G5430G6116G3822传感器。随着传感器的技术G17839G8505，传感器将G1186具有单G13443G2040G7041G2163G14033发展G2052具有学G1076G2163G14033，G7380G13468发展G2052具有G2031G17908G2159。在新的G1002G13438G18336，面G16992一新的传感器将发G6393更大的作用。G7424设计G18331用以G36G55G279G38G241单片机为G7692G5527的G1314G6116G7424G451高精度G451G5506型G2282G6980G4395G7186G12046超声波测距G1214的G11840G1226G11017G17347G2656G17731G1226设计方G8873。G6984个G11017G17347G18331用G8181G3371G2282设计，G11013G1039G12255G5219G451G20056G13634G4388G12255G5219G451发G4568G4388G12255G5219G451G6521G6922G4388G12255G5219G451G7186G12046G4388G12255G5219G12573G8181G3371G13464G6116。各G6518G3848的G1461G2507G13475单片机G13520G2524分G7524G3800G10714，G4466G10628超声波测距G1214的各种G2163G14033。在此基G11796G990设计G1114系统的G5647体方G7708，G7380G2530G17902G17819G11840G1226G2656G17731G1226G4466G10628G1114各个G2163G14033G8181G3371，G47G40G39G7186G12046。G11468G1863G18108分G19480有G11840G1226G11017G17347图G451G12255G5219流G12255图。关键词G36G55G279G38G241超声波测距A114A115A116A1177ABSTRACTTHEULTRASONICRANGINGAPPLICATIONISEXTREMELYWIDESPREADAFTERTHEFEASIBILITYANDRELIABILITYHASBEENANALYSISED,THESTRUCTUREDESIGNTECHNIQUEWASESTABLISHEDTHISARTICLEINTRODUCESANULTRASONICDISTANCEMEASUREMENTBASEDONTHEAT89C51SINGLECHIPCOMPUTER,THESYSTEMACCORDINGTOULTRASOUNDINTHEAIRREFLECTIONPRINCIPLESOFTHEDISSEMINATIONANDITUSESTHEULTRASOUNDSENSORASINTERFACECOMPONENTSFORTHEAPPLICATIONOFTHEDISTANCEMEASUREBASEDBYSINGLECHIPCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYANDTHEMARGINOFTIMETHATULTRASOUNDTRANSMITINAIR,THEREBYTHESYSTEMSOFDESIGNOFULTRASONICTESTCOMESINTOBEINGTHESYSTEMPRIMARILYCOMPOSEDBYTHEFOURMODULESTHECONTROLLERMODULE,ULTRASONICLAUNCHMODULE,ULTRASOUNDRECEIVINGMODULEANDDISPLAYMODULARTHEI/OPORTSOFTHE51SINGLECHIPCOMPUTERWEREUSEDTOCAUSETHEULTRASONICTRANSDUCERTOSENDOUTTHE40KHZULTRASONICWAVETHEREFLECTEDSIGNALENTERTHE51AFTERTHEENLARGEMENTANDFEEDBACKCIRCUIT,ANDTHESYSTEMWILLCOMPLETETHERANGEFINDERBYDEBUGGINGTHECORRESPONDINGDISTANCETHISDESIGNCANREALIZE2METERSINRANGEFINDERS,WITHTHE10CENTIMETERSBLINDSPOT,THESYSTEMHAVETHELEDDEMONSTRATIONKEYWORDSAT89C51ULTRASONICDISTANCEMEASUREA118A120A122A1248第1章绪论11课题背景目的及重要意义随着科学技术的快速发展，超声波将在传感器中的应用越来越广。在人类文明的历次产业革命中，传感技术一直扮演着先行官的重要角色，它是贯穿各个技术G2656应用领域的G1863键技术，在人们可以想象的所有领域中，它几乎无所不在M。传感器是G1002界各国发展G7380快的产业之一，在各国有G1863研究G451生产G451应用G18108门的共同努G2159下，传感器技术得G2052G1114飞速的发展G2656G17839G8505。但就目前技术水平来说，人们可以具体利用的传感技术还十分有限，因此，这是一个正在蓬勃发展而又有无限前景的技术及产业领域。超声波测距与G1866它非G6521触式的G7828测方式方G8873G11468比，如G11017磁的或光学的方G8873它不受光G13459，G15999测对象颜色，G11017磁干扰G12573影响。超声波对于G15999测物体G3800于黑暗，有灰尘，烟雾，G11017磁干扰，有毒G12573恶劣的环境有一定的适应G14033G2159。因此在液位测量，机械手控G2058，车辆G14270G2172导航，物体G16794G2047G12573方面有广泛应用。特G2047是应用于空气测距，G11013于空气中波速较慢，G1866回波G1461G2507中包含的沿传播方向G990的结构G1461息很容易G7828测出来，具有很高的分辩G2159，因而G1866准确度也较G1866它方G8873高，而且超声波传感器具有结构简单，体积小，G1461G2507G3800G10714可靠G12573特点。超声波是一种指向性强，G14033量消耗慢的波。它在介质中传播的距离较G17840。因而超声波G13475常用于距离的测量，可解决超长度的测量。超声波作为一种特殊的声波，同样具有声波传输的基G7424物G10714特性，反G4568，折G4568，干涉，衍G4568，散G4568。与物G10714紧密联系，应用灵活。并且更适G2524与高温，高粉尘，高湿度G2656高强G11017磁干扰G12573恶劣环境下工作。超声波可用于非G6521触测量，具有不受光G451G11017磁波以及粉尘G12573外界因G13044的干扰的G1260点，是利用计G12651超声波在G15999测物体G2656超声波G6518G3848之间的传输来测量距离的，对G15999测目G7643无G6451G4487。而且超声波传播速度在G11468G5415大G14551G3272G1881与G20069G10587无G1863J。超声波的这G1135G10432特G1260点越来越受G2052人们的重G16282。在新的G1002G13438G18336，面G16992一新的传感器将发G6393更大的作用G16850G12255设计目的是单片机G2419G10714与G6521G2487技术G16850G12255设计是在G6957学及G4466G20576基G11796G990，对G16850G12255所学G10714G16782G11705G16794的G9157G2282G2656G6564高。G17902G17819单片机G2419G10714与G6521G2487技术的G16850G12255设计,G1363学生G2033G8505G6496G6581设计的基G7424方G8873。G3533G1871学生分G7524G19394G20076G2656解决G19394G20076的G14033G2159G727G3533G1871学生应用计G12651机G17753G2173设计G2656G6788G1901设计说明G1082的G14033G2159。12国内外研究现状A125A126A127A1289目前国G1881的超声波测距G1214技术G14865G2530产G2709G2163G14033G1314G12483，专用G19610G6116G11017G17347都是G2494有G2412G12871G13435的测量精度。G17902G17819分G7524超声波测距G16835G5058产生的G2419因，G6564高测量G7114间G5058G2052G5506G12198G13435，以及用LM92温度传感器G17839行声波传播速度的G15929G1619G2530，G6117们设计的高精度测距G1214超声波测距G1214G14033G17810G2052G8639G12871G13435的测量精度。国外超声波测距G1214技术领先，产G2709G21796G1852，性G14033比较G12295定，G5078G3342需求量大，测量精度高，测量G16835G5058小。13论文研究思路及创新点131主要思路利用超声波作为定位技术是G15661G15668G12573一G1135无目G16282G14033G2159G18336的生物作为G19462G5493及G6441G6429G10466物生G4396的手G8585，也就是G11013生物体发G4568不G15999人们G2560G2052的超声波20KHZ以G990的机械波，G1523G2173G4198质传播G11013G15999G6441G6429的G10466物或G19568G11873物反G4568回来的G7114间间G19560长G11713与G15999反G4568的超声波的强G5381G2040G7041G10466物性质或G19568G11873位G13634的方G8873。G11013于超声波的速度G11468对于光速要小的G3822，G1866传播G7114间就比较容易G7828测，并且易于定向发G4568，方向性G3921，强度G3921控G2058，因而人类G18331用G1235G11507技G14033利用超声波测距。超声波测距是一种利用声波特性，G11017G4388计G6980，光G11017G5332G1863G11468结G2524来G4466G10628非G6521触式距离的测量方G8873。它在很G3822距离G6518测应用中有很重要的用G17896，包G6336非G6451G4487测量，G17819G12255G7828测，机器人G7828测G2656定位，以及流体液面高度测量G12573。超声波是指G20069G10587高于20KHZ的机械波。为G1114以超声波作为G7828测手G8585，G5529G20047产生超声波G2656G6521G6922超声波。G4448G6116这种G2163G14033的G16025G13634就超声波传感器，G1076G5827G990G12228为超声波G6454G14033器或超声波G6518G3848。超声波传感器有发G17877器G2656G6521G6922器，但一个超声波传感器也可具有发G17877G2656G6521G6922声波的G2464重作用。超声波传感器是利用G2399G11017G6940应的G2419G10714将G11017G14033G2656超声波G11468G1126G17728G2282，G2375在发G4568超声波的G7114G1517，将G11017G14033G17728G6454，发G4568超声波G727而在G6922G2052回波的G7114G1517，G2029将超声G6403G2172G17728G6454G6116G11017G1461G2507。超声波测距的工作方式利用超声波测距的工作,就可以G7693G6466测量发G4568波与反G4568波之间的G7114间间G19560,G1186而G17810G2052测量距离的作用。G1866G1039要有G989种测距方G88731G11468位G7828测G8873,G11468位G7828测G8873G15441G9994精度高,但G7828测G14551G3272有限2声波G5145G1552G7828测G8873,声波G5145G1552G7828测G8873易受反G4568波的影响3G9205越G7114间G7828测G8873,G9205越G7114间G7828测G8873的工作方式简单,直G16278,在G11840G1226控G2058G2656G17731G1226设计G990都非常容易G4466G10628。G1866G2419G10714为发G4568传感器发G4568超声波,G13475气体介质传播G2052G6521G6922传感器的G7114间,这个G7114间就是G9205越G7114间。G7424设计的超声波测距就是G1363用G1114G9205越G7114间TOFTIMEOFFLIGHTG7828测G8873。G20330先测出超声波G1186发G4568G2052G17947G2052G19568G11873物G17832回所G13475历的G7114间，G1889G1068以超声波的速度就得G2052G1120G1505的声G9316于G19568G11873物之间的距离。A125A126A127A12810测量距离的方G8873有很G3822种，G11713距离的可以用G4622，G17840距离的有G9620光测距G12573，超声波测距适用于高精度的中长距离测量。因为超声波在G7643准空气中的传播速度为3345G12871/G12198G11013于超声波速度受温度影响比较大，G5529G20047G18331用DS1820测量环境温度，G1889对超声波速度G17839行G1474正，G17839而计G12651出测量距离，G11013单片机AT89C51G17139G17143计G7114，单片机G1363用120MHZG7242G6403，所以此系统的测量精度在G10714G16782G990可以G17810G2052G8639G12871G13435。G11013于超声波指向性强，G14033量消耗G13543慢，在介质中传播距离G17840，因此超声波可以用于距离的测量。利用超声波G7828测距离，设计比较方G1427，计G12651G3800G10714也比较简单，并且在测量精度方面也G14033G17810G2052要求。超声波发生器可以分为G1016大类G726一类是G11017气方式产生超声波，一类G1363用机械方式产生超声波。G7424文G4658于G17829距离测量，可以G18331用常用的G2399G11017式超声波G6454G14033器来G4466G10628。132主要创新点G7424设计G18331用以AT89C51单片机为G7692G5527的G1314G6116G7424G451高精度G451G5506型G2282G6980G4395G7186G12046超声波测距G1214的G11840G1226G11017G17347G2656G17731G1226设计方G8873。G6984个G11017G17347G18331用G8181G3371G2282设计，G11013G1039G12255G5219G451G20056G13634G4388G12255G5219G451发G4568G4388G12255G5219G451G6521G6922G4388G12255G5219G451G7186G12046G4388G12255G5219G12573G8181G3371G13464G6116。各G6518G3848的G1461G2507G13475单片机G13520G2524分G7524G3800G10714，G4466G10628超声波测距G1214的各种G2163G14033。在此基G11796G990设计G1114系统的G5647体方G7708，G7380G2530G17902G17819G11840G1226G2656G17731G1226G4466G10628G1114各个G2163G14033G8181G3371。G11468G1863G18108分G19480有G11840G1226G11017G17347图G451G12255G5219流G12255图。14本章小结G7424G12468G1039要介G13473G1114超声波测距G1214的国G1881外研究G10628G10378，研究该G16850G20076的意义及作用。第2G12468G1039要介G13473G1114该G16850G20076的研究方G8873G2656G16850G20076的任务。第3G12468G1039要介G13473G1114该G16850G20076的设计方G7708G11840G1226的设计G2656G11840G1226G11017G17347图。第4G12468G1039要介G13473G1114G17731G1226的设计G2656G17731G1226G12255G5219。第5G12468G1039要介G13473G1114G16835G5058分G7524G2656计G12651。A125A126A127A12811第2章课题的方案设计与任务21超声波测距仪的原理单片机AT89C51发出G11713暂的40KHZG1461G2507，G13475放大G2530G17902G17819超声波G6454G14033器输出G727反G4568G2530的超声波G13475超声波G6454G14033器作为系统的输入，锁G11468环对此G1461G2507锁定，产生锁定G1461G2507启G2172单片机中G7041G12255G5219，得出G7114间T，G1889G11013系统G17731G1226对G1866G17839行计G12651G451G2040G2047G2530，G11468应的计G12651结果G15999G17877至LEDG7186G12046G11017G17347G17839行G7186G12046。G1039要G11013单片机系统及G7186G12046G11017G17347G451超声波发G4568G11017G17347G2656超声波G7828测G6521G6922G11017G17347G989G18108分G13464G6116。发G4568器发出的超声波以速度在空气中传播，在G2052G17810G15999测物体G7114G15999反G4568G17832回，G11013G6521G6922器G6521G6922，G1866往G17832G7114间为T，G11013SVT/2G2375可G12651出G15999测物体的距离。G11013于超声波也是一种声波，G1866声速V与温度有G1863，在G1363用G7114，如果温度变G2282不大，G2029可认为声速是基G7424不变的。如果测距精度要求很高，G2029应G17902G17819温度G15929G1619的方G8873加以校正。G1866系统框图如图21所G12046A12921A130A131A132A133A134A135A136A137A12922课题设计的任务和要求G18331用40KHZ的超声波发G4568G2656G6521G6922传感器测量距离。可G18331用发G4568G2656G6521G6922之间的距离，也可将发G4568G2656G6521G6922平行放在一起，G17902G17819反G4568测量距离。设计任务G7261G1114解超声波测距G1214的G2419G10714。2G7693G6466超声波测距G2419G10714，设计超声波测距G1214的G11840G1226结构G11017G17347。设计要求G7261G6496G6581传感器的工作G2419G10714及G11468应的G17753G2173G11017G17347设计方G8873。A140A141A142A144122G10432立设计G2419G10714图及G11468应的G11840G1226G11017G17347。3设计说明G1082格式规G14551，层次G2524G10714，重点突出。并G19480G990详细的G2419G10714图。4LEDG6980码管G7186G12046测量距离，精确G2052小G6980点G2530一位单位G726CM。5测量方式可G17902G17819G11840G1226G5332G1863G20056G13634。测量G14551G3272G72620CM1000CM，G16835G50585CM。23本章小结超声波测距的G2419G10714是利用超声波的发G4568G2656G6521受，G7693G6466超声波传播的G7114间来计G12651出传播距离。G4466用的测距方G8873有G1016种，一种是在G15999测距离的G1016G12483，一G12483发G4568，另一G12483G6521G6922的直G6521波方式，适用于身高计G727一种是发G4568波G15999物体反G4568回来G2530G6521G6922的反G4568波方式，适用于测距G1214。此次设计G18331用反G4568波方式。测距G1214的分辨G10587取决于对超声波传感器的选择。超声波传感器是一种G18331用G2399G11017G6940应的传感器，常用的材料是G2399G11017陶瓷。G11013于超声波在空气中传播G7114会有G11468G5415的衰减，衰减的G12255度与G20069G10587的高G1314G6116正比G727而G20069G10587高分辨G10587也高，故G11713距离测量G7114应选择G20069G10587高的传感器，而长距离的测量G7114应用G1314G20069G10587的传感器。A145A146A147A14813第3章系统的硬件结构设计31系统的硬件设计G7424次设计G1039要G11013单片机系统及G7186G12046G11017G17347G451超声波发G4568G11017G17347G2656超声波G7828测G6521G6922G11017G17347G989G18108分G13464G6116。单片机G18108分G18331用AT89C51作为G1039控G2058器G727G7186G12046G11017G17347G18331用的是G2172态驱G2172G5430式的LEDG6980码G7186G12046器G727超声波的发G4568G11017G17347用的是G11013G2399G11017式超声波G17728G6454器，发G17877器传感器G11013发G17877器与G1363用直径为15MM左右的陶瓷G6403G4388G6454G14033器G13464G6116，G6454G14033器作用是将陶瓷G6403G4388的G11017G6403G2172G14033量G17728G6454G6116超G14033量并向空中G5145G4568G727超声波G7828波G6521G6922G11017G17347G18331用的是G11013陶瓷G6403G4388G6454G14033器与放大G11017G17347G13464G6116，G6454G14033器G6521G6922波产生机械G6403G2172，将G1866变G6454G6116G11017G14033量，作为传感器G6521G6922器的输出，G1186而对发G17877的超G17839行G7828测。32单片机的功能特点321AT89C51单片机单片机AT89C51G18331用40引脚G2464G2027直插封G16025DIPG5430式，G1881G18108G11013一个8位的80C51G5506G3800G10714器，4KB的G12255G5219G4396储器FLASHROM，256G4395节的RAM，2个16G4395节的定G7114/计G6980器TOG2656T1，4个8位的I/OG12483G2487G726P0，P1，P2，P3，一个G1852G2464工UART串行G17902G1461G2487G12573G13464G6116。特G2047是该系G2027单片机片G1881的FLASH可编G12255G451可擦除G2494读G4396储器EPROM，G1363G1866在G4466际中有着十分广泛的用G17896，在G1427携式G451省G11017及特殊G1461息保G4396的G1214器G2656系统中更为有用。单片机AT89C51G6564供以下G2163G14033G7264KBG4396储器G727256G4395节RAMG72732条I/OG13459G7272个16G4395节定G7114/计G6980器G7275个2G13435中G7041G9316G7271个G1852G2464向的串行G2487以及G7114钟G11017G17347。空闲方式G726CPU停止工作，而让RAMG451定G7114/计G6980器G451串行G2487G2656中G7041系统G13499G13505工作。掉G11017方式G726保G4396RAM的G1881容，G6403荡器停G6403，禁止芯片所有的G1866G1194G2163G14033直G2052下一次G11840G1226复位。单片机AT89C51为许G3822控G2058G6564供G1114高度灵活G2656G1314G6116G7424的解决办G8873。充分利用G1194的片G1881资G9316，G2375可在较少外G3272G11017G17347的情况下构G6116G2163G14033G4448善的超声波测距系统。AT89C51单片机封G16025图如下G726A145A146A147A14814A14931AT89C51A150A151A152A153A154A149322AT89C51主要特性与MCS51兼容G7274KG4395节可编G12255闪烁G4396储器（寿命100G1901/擦循环，G6980G6466保留10年）G727G1852静态工作G726024KHZG727G989G13435G12255G5219G4396储器锁定G7271288位G1881G18108RAMG72732位可编G12255I/OG13459G727G1016个16位定G7114器/计G6980器G7275个中G7041G9316G727可编G12255串行G17902道G727G1314G2163耗的限G2058G2656掉G11017G8181式G727片G1881G6403荡器G2656G7114钟G11017G17347。323管脚说明VCCG726供G11017G11017G2399。GNDG726G6521地。P0G2487G726P0G2487为一个8位漏极G5332G17347G2464向I/OG2487，每脚可吸G69228TTL门G11017流。G5415P1G2487的管脚第一次G1901G7114，G15999定义为高阻输入。P0G14033够用于外G18108G12255G5219G6980G6466储G4396器，它可以G15999定义为G6980G6466/地址的第八位。在FLASH编G12255G7114，P0G2487作为G2419码输入G2487，G5415FLASHG17839行校G20576G7114，P0输出G2419码，此G7114P0外G18108G5529G20047G15999拉高。P1G2487G726P1G2487是一个G1881G18108G6564供G990拉G11017阻的8位G2464向I/OG2487，P1G2487G13543冲器G14033G6521受输出4TTL门G11017G17347流。P1G2487管脚G1901入1G2530，G15999G1881G18108G990拉为高，可用作输入，P1G2487G15999A145A146A147A14815外G18108下拉为G1314G11017平G7114，将输出G11017流，这是G11013于G1881G18108G990拉的缘故。在FLASH编G12255G2656校G20576G7114，P1G2487作为第八位地址G6521G6922。P2G2487G726P2G2487为一个G1881G18108G990拉G11017阻的8位G2464向I/OG2487，P2G2487G13543冲区可G6521G6922，输出4个TTL