万用表的设计与组装

毕业设计学生姓名学号系部机电工程系专业机电一体化题目万用表的设计与组装指导教师）2011年6月A1A0A2A33摘要万用表是一种多功能、多量程的便携式电工仪表,一般的万用表可以测量直流电流、交直流电压和电阻，有些万用表还可测量电容、功率、晶体管共射极直流放大系数HFE等。MF47型万用表具有26个基本量程和电平、电容、电感、晶体管直流参数等7个附加参考量程，是一种量限多、分档细、灵敏度高、体形轻巧、性能稳定、过载保护可靠、读数清晰、使用方便的新型万用表。万用表是电工必备的仪表之一，每个电气工作者都应该熟练掌握其工作原理及使用方法。通过本次万用表的原理与安装实习，要求学生了解万用表的工作原理，掌握锡焊G6228G7427的工G14414要G20058及万用表的使用与G16855G16809方法。关键词万用表，电G17347G16786G16757，工作原理A1A0A2A34ABSTRACTAMULTIMETERISAMULTIFUNCTION,MULTIRANGEPORTABLEELECTRICALINSTRUMENTS,GENERALMULTIMETERSCANMEASUREDCCURRENT,AC/DCVOLTAGEANDRESISTANCE,SOMEMULTIMETERCANALSOMEASURECAPACITANCE,POWER,TRANSISTORWERESHOTEXTREMELYDCAMPLIFICATIONCOEFFICIENTHFE,ETCMF47TYPEWITH26BASICRANGESMULTIMETERWITHLEVEL,CAPACITANCEANDINDUCTANCE,TRANSISTORDCPARAMETERS,SUCHASSEVENADDITIONALREFERENCERANGES,ISAQUANTITYLIMIT,FINE,HIGHSENSITIVITY,DIVIDESCLASSSHAPELEGERITY,STABLEPERFORMANCE,OVERLOADPROTECTION，RELIABLE,CLEARREADING,USECONVENIENTNEWSTYLEMULTIMETERKEYWORDSMULTIMETER,CIRCUITDESIGN,DCVOLTAGESENSITIVITYA4A5A6A75目录1引言62指针万用表的简易实验电路63指针式万用表的结构、组成与特征631万用表的结构特征732指针式万用表的组成733万用表的结构84指针式万用表的工作原理85万用表的几个重要参数106电阻的计算127组装表的测试158实验结果的分析与讨论15结论18致谢19参考文献20A8A9A10A1161引言万用表是一种G5132用的多功能、多量程的便携式电工仪表。一般的万用表可以测量直流电流、交直流电压和电阻,有些万用表还可测量电容、功率、晶体管共射极直流放大系数HFE等。通过G16786G16757熟练掌握万用表的G13464G6116G13479G7512、原理，G7138G11842G13464G6116万用表的G2520种电G17347的G1260G13582G9869，能G7693G6466G13485定的G6228G7427参数，G1039要是表G3848灵敏度、G1881阻、G8886G8585G5332G1863G13479G7512、G2520档量程要求等，G17885G6333G2524G17878的电G17347G16786G16757万用表G13459G17347。A12A13A14A15G708G20G709了解G12628G2345的万用表的G12628G2345电G17347以及工作原理。G7082G709G16757G12651G1998G6164有电阻G1815G1226的阻G1552，G5194G17839G15904G13464装。G708G22G709G4557G6116功G13464装的万用表的G1946G11842度，电压灵敏度等性能G6363G7643G17839G15904测G16809。G7084G709熟练掌握万用表的G2520种使用方法，万用表大量用G1122G2520种G7438电G15904G1006G1025，便G1122以G2530G1998G2447G3921G4613G1006。2指针万用表的简易实验电路G3282G20是G12628G7143万用表的实G20576电G17347。是G5506安表G3848。电流，电阻,电压等G15999测G1461G2507G13475过G17767G1849电G17347和G2476G6454电G17347G2530，G2476G6116G5506安G13435电流，G1889流G13475表G3848，使G6363G19036G1571G17728，G1186G13792G6363G12046G1998G15999测量G1552。该万用表有G3247种功能、G1855个档G13435。档G13435的G17728G6454靠G2345G13435多G1313G5332G1863G1025G2345G13435G16314G9869G1313G13634的G6925G2476G7481实G10628。BG708G16G709G9869，G6521表G3848G17139极，是G6164有测量档的G1856共G6521G9869，通G5132G6521G21669G14406表G12520。AG708G14G709通G5132G6521G13430G14406表G12520，G6925G2476多G1313G5332G1863G1025G2345极的G1313G13634，可以G17885G6333G6164G19668的测量功能档。3指针式万用表的结构、组成与特征A16A17A18A19731万用表的结构特征MF47型万用表G18331用高灵敏度的G11925电系G6984流式表G3848，G17908型大方，G16786G16757G13051G1957，G13479G7512G10294G3278，携G5114方便，G19658G18108G1226G3355G17885用G1260G14403G7460G7021及工G14414G3800理，具有G14403G3921的电气性能和G7438G7812G5390度。其G10317G9869G1038G726测量G7438G7512G18331用高灵敏度表G3848，性能稳定G727G13459G17347G18108分保G16789可靠、G13796G11964、G13512G1474方便G727测量G7438G7512G18331用硅二极管保护，保G16789过载时不损坏表G3848，G5194且G13459G17347G16786有05A保险丝以防止误用时烧坏电G17347G727G16786G16757上考虑了湿度和频率补偿G727低电阻档G17885用2干电池，容量大、寿命长G727配G2524高压按着，可测量电视G7438G188125KV以下高压G727配有晶体管静态直流放大系数检测装G13634G727表盘G7643度尺刻度G13459与档G1313G5332G1863旋钮G6363G12046盘G3355G1038G13430、绿、G21669三G14406，分别按交流G13430G14406，晶体管绿G14406，其余G21669G14406G4557应制G6116，共有七条专用刻度G13459，刻度分G5332，便G1122读数G727配有反光铝膜，消除视差，提高了读数精度。除交直流2500V和直流5A分别有G2345独的插座外，其余只须G17728动一个G17885G6333G5332G1863，使用方便G727装有提把，不仅便G1122携G5114，G13792且可在必要时作倾斜支撑，便G1122读数。32指针式万用表的组成G6363G19036式万用表的型式很多，但基本G13479G7512是类似的。G6363G19036式万用表的G13479G7512G1039要由表G3848、档G1313G17728G6454G5332G1863、测量G13459G17347板、面板等G13464G6116G708见G3282G22G709。表G3848是万用表的测量显视装G13634，南京电子仪表厂提供的G6363G19036式万用表G18331用控制显G12046面板表G3848一体化G13479G7512G727档G1313G5332G1863用G7481G17885G6333G15999测电量的种类和量程G727测量G13459G17347板将不同性质和大小的G15999测电量G17728G6454G1038表G3848G6164能G6521受的直流电流。万用表可以测量直流电流、直流电压、交流电压和电阻等多种电量。当G17728G6454G5332G1863拨到直流电流档，可分别与5个G6521G16314G9869G6521通，用G1122测量500MA、50MA、5MA和500A、50A量程的直流电流。同样，当G17728G6454G5332G1863拨到欧姆档，可分别测量G20、G200、G2000、G20K、G200K量程的电阻G727当G17728G6454G5332G1863拨到直流电压档，可分别测量025V、G20V、25V、G200V、50V、250V、500V、G20000V量程的直流电压G727当G17728G6454G5332G1863拨到交流电压档，可分别测量G200V、50V、250V、500V、G20000V量程的交流电压。A16A17A18A198注意请学生G4557照幻灯片认识每一个G18108分，将万用表的盒子打G5332散G1226放在G2530盖G1025，电阻等G1815器G1226放在塑G7021袋G1025，不能丢失。G4557照幻灯片可以看到控制显G12046面板由上G18108的显G12046表G3848和下G18108的控制G5332G1863面板G13464G6116。注意表G3848不能G17312坏G6122者G6355在G6175G18336G7191动。档G1313G5332G1863由安装在G8503面的档G1313G5332G1863旋钮和安装在反面的电G2059旋钮G13464G6116。测量G13459G17347板有G21656绿G1016面，绿面用G1122焊G6521，G21656面用G1122安装G1815G1226。33万用表的结构A20A21A22A23A24A25A26A27A28A29A30A26A27A28A31A32A33A26A27A34A35A26A27A36A37A38A24A25A26A27A39A40A41A42A43A28A44A45A46A47A48A49A50A32A51A52A26A27A36A37A38A29A30A26A27A53A22A54A38A32A33A26A27A23A55A56A57A58A59A38A32A45A33A38A32A60A38A61A62A63A38A32A64A52A26A27A36A37A65A66A674A68A69A674A20A21A22A70A71A724指针式万用表的工作原理G20G6363G19036式万用表G7380基本的的工作原理G6363G19036式万用表G7380基本的的工作原理G708见G32825G709A675A73A74A75A20A21A22A76A77A70A55A56A78A79A67G4439由表G3848、电阻测量档、电流测量档、直流电压测量档和交流电压测量档G1972个G18108分G13464G6116，G3282G1025G256G713G257G1038G21669表G7846插G4392，G256G257G1038G13430表G7846插G4392。测电压和电流时，外G18108有电流通G1849表G3848，G3252G8504不须G1881G6521电池。A16A17A18A199当G6117G1216把档G1313G5332G1863旋钮G54A打到交流电压档时，通过二极管VG39G6984流，电阻G53G22限流，由表G3848显G12046G1998G7481G727当打到直流电压档时不须二极管G6984流，仅须电阻G532限流，表G3848G2375可显G12046G727打到直流电档档时G7094不须二极管G6984流，G1075不须电阻G532限流，表G3848G2375可显G12046G727测电阻时将G17728G6454G5332G1863G54A拨到G256G257档，G17837时外G18108G8821有电流通G1849，G3252G8504必须使用G1881G18108电池作G1038电G9316，G16786外G6521的G15999测电阻G1038G53G91，表G1881的G5647电阻G1038G53，形G6116的电流G1038G44，由G53G91、电池E、可G16855电G1313器G53G51、G3278定电阻G53G20和表G3848G18108分G13464G6116G19393G2524电G17347，形G6116的电流G44使表G3848的G6363G19036G1571G17728。G13430表G7846与电池的G17139极G11468G17842，通过电池的G8503极与电G1313器G53G51及G3278定电阻G53G20G11468G17842，G13475过表G3848G6521到G21669表G7846与G15999测电阻G53G91形G6116G3250G17347G1147生电流使表G3848显G12046。G3250G17347G1025的电流G1038G726G44G729EG53G91G14G53G1186上式可G11705G726G44和G15999测电阻G53G91不G6116G13459性G1863系，G6164以表盘上电阻G7643度尺的刻度是不G3355G2260的。当电阻G17246小时，G3250G17347G1025的电流G17246大，G6363G19036的G6682动G17246大，G3252G8504电阻档的G7643度尺刻度是反G2533分度。当万用表G13430G21669G1016表G7846直G6521G17842G6521时，G11468当G1122外G6521电阻G7380小G53G91G320，G18039G1052G726G44G729EG53G91G14G53G729EG53G8504时通过表G3848的电流G7380大，表G3848G6682动G7380大，G3252G8504G6363G19036G6363G2533G9397刻度G3800，G2533G2503G1571G17728G7380大，显G12046阻G1552G10380。请看电阻档的G19658G1313是在G5050G17805还是在G2503G17805，其余档的G19658G1313与G4439一G14280G2539G731反之，当万用表G13430G21669G1016表G7846G5332G17347时G53G91G279G286，G53可以G5585G11065不G16757，G18039G1052G726G44G729EG53G91G14G53G300EG53G91G2790G8504时通过表G3848的电流G7380小，G3252G8504G6363G19036G6363G25330刻度G3800，显G12046阻G1552G1038G286。2MF47型万用表的工作原理请看G1182G3837要安装的MF47型万用表的原理G3282G726A16A17A18A1910测量G13459G17347板G13459G17347板G726。G4439的显G12046表G3848是一个直流A表，G58G432是电G1313器用G1122G16855G14422表G3848G3250G17347G1025的电流大小，G39G22、G394G1016个二极管反G2533G5194G13864G5194与电容G5194G13864，用G1122保护限制表G3848G1016G12483的电压G17227保护表G3848的作用，使表G3848不G14279电压、电流过大G13792烧坏。电阻档分G1038G20、G200、G2000、G20K、G200K、G1972个量程，当G17728G6454G5332G1863打到G7588一个量程时，与G7588一个电阻形G6116G3250G17347，使表G3848G1571G17728，测G1998阻G1552的大小。G4439由5个G18108分G13464G6116G726G1856共显G12046G18108分G727直流电流G18108分G727直流电压G18108分G727交流电压G18108分和电阻G18108分。G13459G17347板上每个档G1313的分G5079G708见G3282G27G709，上面G1038交流电压档，G5050G17805G1038直流电压档，下面G1038直流MA档，G2503G17805是电阻档。5万用表的几个重要参数A80A81A82A8311G20G1946G11842度万用表G12046G1552与G15999测量G11507G1552的一G14280程度G12228G1038万用表的G1946G11842度。G4439反G7156了测量G13479G7536的基本误差的大小。同一G3371万用表，不同功能档的G1946G11842度G1075不G4625G11468同。2表G3848灵敏度万用表G6164用表G3848的G9397量程G1552GIG12228G1038表G3848灵敏度。GI一般G103829G252A200。G1552G17246小，灵敏度G17246高，万用表的性能G1075G17246G3921。G22表G3848G1881阻表G3848G1881G13459G3292及上下G1016G4630盘丝的直流电阻之和G12228G1038表G3848G1881阻。万用表表G3848G1881阻多在G1972G11346到G1972G2327欧之G19400。一般G7481G16840，灵敏度G17246高，G1881阻G17246大。但灵敏度G11468同的表G3848，G1881阻G1075不G4625G11468同。G17837是G3252G1038，在制G17908G11468同表G3848时，G6164G17885用的G13459G3292和盘丝的阻G1552很G19602G1582到G4448G1852一G14280。4直流电压灵敏度直流电压档的G1881阻VR与该档G9397量程电压MU的G8616G1552G12228G1038直流电压灵敏度，用VS表G12046。可G1901G6116MVVURSG708G20G709电压灵敏度G2345G1313是VG6122VK，G12628G12228每G1251欧姆数。电压灵敏度G17246高，万用表的性能G1075G17246G3921。5直流电流档的G1881阻电流表G1881阻的大小G1927定G1122表G3848G1881阻及分流电阻的大小。G4557同一G3371万用表G13792G16340，不同档G13435的电流表，其分流电阻不同，G6164以G1881阻G1075不G11468同。电流表的G1881阻G17246小，质量G17246G3921。测电流时，将电流表G1030G13864在G15999测电G17347G1025，G4557G15999测电G17347G1262G17908G6116G1016方面的G5445G2721G726一是G4439的阻流作用G1262G6925G2476原电G17347的工作G10378态G727二是G3698加了G15999测电G17347的功G13803。G1038了G1955G4581G17837G1016方面的G5445G2721，G1881阻G17246小G17246G3921。6欧姆档的G1025G1552电阻欧姆档的G1881阻G12228G1038该档的G1025G1552电阻。G5062G11705G1025G1552电阻KR的大小可以G11842定该档的测量G14551G3272。G14521G1025G1552电阻G1038KR，G2029该档的测量G14551G3272是41KRG2524KR之G19400。7交流电压灵敏度交流电压档G1881阻与该档量程之G8616G12228G1038交流电压灵敏度MVVURSG112G12G2345G1313是VK。G4557同一G3371万用表G7481G16840交流电压G2520档的电压灵敏度的量G1552是G11468同的。A84A85A86A8712只要G5062G11705VS,G2029G1231G1321测量档的G1881阻都可以求G1998。G708G20G709式G1025的MU是直流电压G1552，G7082G709式G1025的MU是交流电压的有G6940G1552。可以G16789G7138二者G8616G1375G1863系G1038G294401MMUUG1207G1849G7082G709，G5483MVVURS440G1889与式G708G20G709G8616G17751G5483VKSSVV/44440G708G22G7096电阻的计算G20电流档的G16786G16757G708G16757G126511R和2RG709将直流电流5MA和50MA档的电G17347G1186G3282G20G1025分G12175G1998G7481，G3926G32824。1R是50MA档的分流电阻，21RR是5MA档的分流电阻。G6164有分流电阻与表G3848G1030G13864G6116一G19393G2524G3250G17347。50MAG6389的电G17347G1025，G5647电流MI在1R和2R的G17842G6521G3800分G6116G1016G17347，一G17347G134752RG2793RG279TRG279表G3848G3250到G37G9869，电流G1038GI，G2490一G17347G134751RG3250到G37G9869，电流G1038G708GMIIG709，G3252G1038G17837G1016个G5194G13864电G17347的电压G19489G11468等，G6164以有132RIIRRRRIGMMTGG2460132RRRRRSTG1207G1849上式G548311RIIRRRIGMMSGG13475G6984理G54831SMGMRRIRIG7084G709G7084G709式G16840G7138，在G19393G17347式分流电流表G1025，其电流量程与该量程分流电阻的G1068积是一G5132数，其G1552等G1122表G3848灵敏度与G19393G2524G3250G17347G5647电阻之积。G7693G6466G17837一G13479论，5MA量程的分流电阻21RRG1075可以求G1998。A88A89A90A9113761R602R2直流电压档的G16786G16757G708G16757G126514R和5RG709直流电压6V档和60V档电G17347G1186G3282G20G1025分G12175G1998G7481，G3926G32825。DBG19400电压量程G103860V，BAG19400电压量程G10386V，G13792CBG19400可以看G6116更小量程的电压档，其量程G10380G205V。G4439的电压灵敏度VKSV/10。G6466G8504，可分别求G1998G17837G1016档的G1881阻。G1881阻求G1998之G2530，可求G19984R和5R分别G1038G7264RG32K585RG32K540G22电阻档的G16786G16757G708G16757G12651TR、6R、7R和3RG709将电阻档G256G20KG257和G256G200G257G1016档的电G17347G1186G3282G20G1025分G12175G1998G7481，G3926G32826，其G1025G708AG709与G708BG709都是G256G20KG257档，不同的是G16855G19658电阻TR的工作G10378态不同。G708CG709是G256G200G257档的电G17347。TR的作用是测量前将欧姆表G16855G14279G19658G9869。G2375在测量前，将G256G14G257G256G16G257表G12520短G6521，使表G3848G9397G1571，以G9397足KGREI。E是电池电压，在欧姆表的使用过程G1025，EG1262不断下G19489，G1025G1552电阻KRG19668G17878时G16855G6984，才能使表G3848随时能够G16855G19658。E的G2476化G1552在G202G252G2065V之G19400，TR的大小G1075应G17878应E的G17837种G2476化。显然，当EV21时，TR的G16314G9869应移G14279G7380G2503G12483。G3926G32826G708AG709。当VE651时，应移G14279G7380G5050G12483，G3926G32826G708BG709。在G708AG709与G708BG709G1016种G10378态下，KRG1262有G6164G2476化，G13485测量G5114G7481误差，但只要6R足够大，TR的G5445G2721G4613可以G5585G11065，G1025G1552电阻KRG1075可以认G1038是不G2476的。下面求6R，要想求6R首先要求KR。由G7086G709式，KRG1927定G1122电池电压和表G3848灵敏度。A92A93A94A9514在G32826G708AG709G1025，VE21，等G6940表G3848灵敏度由G708G22G709式G13485G1998G726AIIGM1002，G1207G1849G7086G709式G5483KRK121012101002136G13792G1025G1552电阻KRG2375是该档的G5647G1881阻，G6164以EKRRRR/6式G1025KR51/，1ERG708电池G1881阻可G5585G11065G709，6RG32K10下面G16757G12651G53T。G32826G708BG709G1025，VE651，G256G14G257与G256G16G257表G12520短G6521时，G3250G17347G5647电流KRVI651G1122是有/651TSGKMTGRRIRRRI式G1025GI，SMRR，KR，G3355G5062G11705，故TRG32K89093下面G16757G126513R。G7693G6466TSRRRRR321，可求G19983RG32K8422下面G16757G12651G256G200G257档G1025G1552电阻KR及7R120100010KKRR由G32826G708CG709，G256G200G257档的G1881阻G1038EKRRRRRRRR7/67/6由上式可解G19987RG3221214A96A97A98A99A100A101A102A103A104A103A1058RA1069RA107A108A109A110A111A112A113A114A111A110A1158RA1069RA113A116A117A118A119A120A121A122A109A110A111A112A113A114A111A110A1154RA1065RA113A116A117A118A119A123A124A120A125A126A1273A128A129A130A131A132VSA133A134A135A136A13710VA13860VA139A140A141A142A143A144A14515A146A147A148A149A150A151A152A153A1468RA1549RA1558RK7509RK22117组装表的测试G20电流档的测G16809G726电流档的测G16809电G17347是通过将其与一只G7643G1946电流表G1030G13864G17227G7481，测量同一支G17347G1025的电流，G8616G17751二者的G12046G1552G7481实G10628的。其测G16809电G17347G3926G2503G3282。其G1025的G2476阻器阻G1552要足够大，G7643G1946表的G1881阻要与G13464装表的G1881阻G11468当，以提高G1946G11842度。2电压档的测G16809G726电压档的测G16809电G17347是通过将其与一只G7643G1946电压表G5194G13864G17227G7481，测量同一支G17347G1016G12483的电压，G8616G17751二者的G12046G1552G7481实G10628的。其测G16809电G17347G3926G2503G3282。其G1025的G2476阻器阻G1552要G4625量大，G7643G1946表的G1881阻要与G13464装表的G1881阻G11468当，以提高G1946G11842度。8实验结果的分析与讨论A156A157A158A159A160A161A162A163A160A164A159A165A157A165A166A165A167A165A168A165A169A165A170A165A171A165A172A165A173A165A174A165A175A165A176A162A163A160A177A178A170A179A171A170A180A166A172A168A166A169A172A180A180A180A169A168A180A180A180A180A157A180A180A180A180A157A166A157A179A166A169A180A171A180A180A166A157A157A166A180A180A167A172A173A180A179A173A170A170A156A166A164A181A182A161A183A184A185A186A187A188A189A190A191A192A185A170MAA193A194A15650MAA195A196A1566MAA193A194A156G200MAA195A196A1566MAA197A198A199A200A201A202A203A170A175A204A171A179A180A169A179A166A168A179A167A167A179A170A157A173A179A169A171A179A169A169A179A172A168A179A173A168A179A167A157A167A179A170A172A179A180A170A179A180A169A179A167A168A179A172A157A166A179A171A172A179A169A170A179A166A169A179A172A169A179A157A157A170A179A169A173A179A180A170A179A169A170A179A166A169A179A169A157A172A179A166A173A179A169A170A179A172A170A179A172A170A179A157A166A157A179A166A205A206A172A179A166A169A170A179A180A172A169A179A169A169A168A179A173A157A170A179A173A169A193A194A15620MAA195A196A15660MAA193A194A15620MAA195A196A15660MAA197A198A199A200A201A202A203A170A180A175A204A171A166A179A169A157A157A179A180A167A170A179A166A169A166A167A179A168A167A169A179A157A171A169A172A179A180A172A179A169A166A173A179A180A166A157A179A168A166A173A179A166A157A168A169A179A169A171A179A180A166A166A179A171A169A157A172A179A169A166A172A179A170A172A207A208A209A21016A167A169A179A180A169A179A180A157A171A179A169A157A166A179A180A166A171A179A168A167A166A170A179A180A168A179A180A157A167A179A180A173A179A170A166A170A179A157A169A157A167A179A180A166A179A180A172A179A169A168A179A172A157A170A179A157A169A205A206A168A157A179A170A171A170A179A166A169A166A180A179A172A167A157A168A179A173A169A166A171A179A157A167A211A212A193A194A156A192A185A213A157A180A180A214A215A216A156A192A185A213A166A169A2170123456781234567标准表10MA组装表6MA6MA图A218A219A220A218A220A219A221A218A221A219A222A218A222A219A223A218A220A221A222A223A219A224A225A226A227A228A221A218A229A230A231A232A228A224A218A229A23060MA图A156A167A233A181A164A234A182A161A183A184A185A186A190A191A192A185A170VA187A188A189A193A194A156A170A180A235A195A196A156A157A169A235A193A194A156A170A180A235A195A196A156A157A169A235A197A198A199A200A201A202A203A170A180A235A167A173A179A180A167A179A172A180A179A171A172A180A179A173A171A166A168A179A167A202A207A208A209A21017A169A166A179A180A169A179A180A157A179A180A168A157A179A166A169A166A157A202A171A166A179A180A171A179A180A157A179A168A168A157A179A171A169A166A157A179A169A202A173A173A179A180A173A179A157A157A179A173A172A166A179A166A171A169A157A168A179A173A202A157A180A172A179A173A157A180A179A180A166A179A157A171A172A166A179A169A157A168A179A172A202A157A166A166A179A169A157A166A179A157A166A179A168A169A167A179A180A166A169A166A167A179A169A202A205A206A172A166A236A166A167A171A179A172A167A157A179A170A168A157A179A173A170A166A180A202A193A194A156A170A235A195A196A156A171A179A169A235A193A194A156A170A235A195A196A156A171A179A169A235A197A198A199A200A201A202A203A170A235A173A179A169A157A179A180A157A179A173A166A179A169A167A157A179A170A202A157A171A179A157A157A179A172A167A179A168A166A168A179A169A167A157A179A170A202A166A157A179A180A166A179A180A168A179A166A169A157A173A179A180A202A167A157A179A180A167A179A180A170A179A166A171A179A169A166A157A179A180A202A167A170A179A180A167A179A169A171A179A166A172A179A171A169A166A157A179A169A202A168A157A179A166A168A179A157A172A179A166A168A157A180A179A166A169A166A168A179A168A202A205A206A166A170A179A180A166A179A169A171A169A179A157A173A170A179A168A166A166A168A179A172A169A202A211A212A193A194A156A192A185A213A157A169A180A214A215A216A156A192A185A213A166A180A217A237A237A238A239A240A240A238A239A241A241A238A239A242A242A238A239A240A241A242A243A239A244A245A246A247A248A244A237A249A250A251A248A240A239A24960VA252A253A254A255A4A5A6A253A6A254A6A254A7A255A8A4A9A10A0A1A4A13A14A2A1A9A16A8A13A43A3A252A11A12A15A1718结论G4557G1122本实G20576，是G6117一次很G3921的学习G7438G1262，G7094能加深理解，学G1262运用G6164学理论G11705识G727G2460能提高G6117的考虑实际问题、解G1927实际G19400题的综G2524分析能力与独立动G6175能力。使G6117了解要取G5483实G6940，达到预期目的，必须充分G1582G3921G1946备工作，G7094要有必要的物资G1946备，更要有足够的思想G1946备，G7138G11842实