国内商业银行国际贸易融资风险浅析 文献及翻译

题目国内商业银行国际贸易融资风险浅析英文文献ALONGWITHCHINASFOREIGNTRADEANDWTO,THEAMOUNTANDRANGEWILLEXPANDRAPIDLY,FOREIGNTRADEBODY,TOMULTILEVELINTERNATIONALTRADESETTLEMENTTOOLWILLPRESENTDIVERSIFIEDANDNEWBUSINESS,ANDINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCINGWILLALSOSHOWINGUNPRECEDENTEDDIVERSITYANDCOMPLEXITYANDSPECIALIZATION,THEPOTENTIALRISKOFGROWINGANDCHANGEFOROURCOUNTRYCOMMERCIALBANK,HOWTOGRASPTHEOPPORTUNITYTOEXPANDTHEINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCE,LANSHOUINTERNATIONALSETTLEMENTBUSINESS,THEMAXIMUMGAINFINANCINGEFFICIENCYANDMIDDLEINCOME,SIMULTANEOUSLY,ANDBUSINESSTOEFFECTIVELYPREVENTANDCONTROLTHEFINANCINGRISK,ISWORTHPARTICULARCONCERNTOANALYZETHECURRENTSITUATIONCURRENTLYOURCOUNTRYCOMMERCIALBANKFINANCINGBUSINESSOPERATIONMANAGEMENTMOREEXTENSIVE,NOTENTIRELYBUILDVARIOUSFINANCINGBUSINESSSTRICTSTANDARDSANDNORMSOFBUSINESSOPERATIONINTERNATIONALFINANCEBUSINESSTOEXEMPTDEPOSITISSUING,EXPORTANDIMPORTANDEXPORTTRADELOANPACKAGEBASICFORM,ANDLIKETHEINTERNATIONALFACTORINGANDBLESSINGFEITINGETC,MORECOMPLEXBUSINESSACCOUNTSINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCEBUSINESSANDMARKETSPROVIDESPACEISCOMPAREDWITHCHINASACCESSIONTOTHEWTOANDTHEECONOMICREFORMDEEPLY,INORDERTOCOPEWITHTHECHALLENGESINCHINA,FOREIGNBANKSTOSYSTEMOFCOMMERCIALBANKSANDOPERATIONMECHANISMISDOINGASHAKEUPADJUSTMENT,STEPBYSTEPTOINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCEBUSINESSOFFUNDSTHEREFORE,WEMUSTFOREIGNEXPERIENCESANDLESSONSOFTHEINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCE,WITHTHEREALITYOFOURCOUNTRY,THETHOROUGHANALYSISOFINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCERISKCAUSES,HINDERTHEOURCOUNTRYINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCETHECRUXOFTHEDEVELOPMENT1THEIMPORTANCEOFFINANCINGBUSINESSRISKSANDKNOWNOTCHINASCOMMERCIALBANKSINTERMSOFTHESTRUCTUREOFBUSINESS,INTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCE,TOGETHERWITHSMALLERPROPORTIONOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSNOTFAMILIARWITH,UNLIKEDOMESTICBUSINESS,THEREFORE,THOUGHASHANDYFORINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCINGININTERNATIONALBUSINESSINANINCREASINGLYIMPORTANTROLEINUNDERSTANDING,BUTHAVETOIMPROVEBANKFINANCINGININTERNATIONALTRADECANPROFITFORCE,OPTIMIZETHEQUALITYOFLOANASSETS,ETC,TOTHEFUNCTIONOFINTERNATIONALTRADEISOFFEREDBYTHEURGENCYOFFINANCINGISNOTENOUGHATTENTION,TOCARRYOUTSPECIFICMEANSOFCORRESPONDINGMEASURES,INADEQUATEALTHOUGHTHESEINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCEBUSINESSDEVELOPMENTINCHINA,BUTCOMPAREDWITHECONOMICINTERNATIONALIZATION,THEREISCONSIDERABLEDIFFERENCEHAVETHENUMBEROFBANKSTOINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCEMANAGEMENTBUSINESSWITHOUTTHOROUGHUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEBASICDEPARTMENTS,RELATEDEXPERIENCE,EFFECTIVECOOPERATIONANDSUPPORTVARIOUSFINANCINGBUSINESSDEVELOPMENTANDMANAGEMENTBECAUSEOFTHIS,THEINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCINGRISKGENERALLYKNOWMORESUPERFICIAL,INTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCINGNEEDNOTACTUALUSEFUNDS,ONLYLENTDOCUMENTSORL/CFROMTHECUSTOMERCANEARNCOMMISSIONSANDFINANCINGINTEREST,ISZERORISK,WHICHLEDDIRECTLYTOTHEMIDDLE1990S,THEFORMATIONOFDIANKUANCREDITBANKNONPERFORMINGASSETS,TWOISWHENPROBLEMSARISE,ANDAFTERTHATINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCERISK,ANDMEASURESTAKENTOINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCECREDITLOANS,THANTHEGENERALAPPROVALFORALONGTIME,RESTRICTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEBUSINESS2BANKSINTERNALLACKOFEFFECTIVEPREVENTIONMANAGEMENTSYSTEM,RISKCONTROLMETHODINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCINGRISKMANAGEMENTNEEDSTOESTABLISHPERFECTMANAGEMENTSYSTEM,THEUSEOFADVANCEDTECHNOLOGYFORTHEOPERATIONOFEACHLINK,MONITORANDCOORDINATIONBETWEENTHEBANKANDTHERELEVANTDEPARTMENTSOFTHESYNERGYBETWEENBRANCHBUTNOWOURBANKINFOREIGNEXCHANGEBUSINESSPROCESSINGPROCEDUREISCOMPARATIVELYBACKWARD,DIFFERENTBETWEENDIFFERENTDEPARTMENTS,ANDTHOSEBETWEENINDEPENDENTOPERATION,LACKOFBUSINESSNETWORKRESOURCESSHARING,LACKOFMANAGEMENT,ANDCOORDINATEDRESOURCESHARINGCANNOTBEACHIEVED,RISKCONTROL,THEPURPOSESUCHASFINANCINGFORADEPARTMENTOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSOPERATIONOFCREDITRISKCONTROL,RISKCONTROLANDBUSINESSDEVELOPMENT,RISKCONTROL,APPEARALREADYTHELACKOFBANKSINTERNALCONTROLANDRISKPROFESSIONALINTERDEPENDENTFACINGCHINAIMPORTANDEXPORTENTERPRISEGENERALOPERATINGLOSSES,WITHLOTSOFBADDEBTANDBANKOFOBJECTIVEREALITYOFBANKFINANCINGTRADELURKHUGERISK3FINANCINGBUSINESSCOMPETITIONDAMAGERISKMANAGEMENTSTANDARDSOURINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCINGTIMERELATIVEFOREIGNSHORTER,THEMARKETISNOTMATURE,VARIOUSCONSTRAINTMECHANISMISNOTPERFECT,COMMERCIALBANKFORINTERNATIONALSETTLEMENTWITHTHEFIERCECOMPETITIONOFBUSINESS,BANKS,ANDASINGLEFORMOFBUSINESSFORMOREMARKETSHARE,SCRAMBLINGTOATTRACTCUSTOMERS,THEFAVORABLECONDITIONSFORENTERPRISECUSTOMERCREDITREVIEWANDALSOMOREANDMORELOW,RELAXTOTRADEFINANCINGRISKCONTROLFOREXAMPLE,ONEBANKREDUCEDTHECHARGEISSUINGDEPOSITRATESOMEEVENTAKECREDITISSUING,MARGIN,SOMEDEFICIENCIESANDGUARANTEEDEPOSITORMORTGAGEFORMALITIESUNDERTHECONDITIONOFINCOMPLETEFOREIGNOPENTHEUSANCEL/C,ETC,THESEPRACTICESDESTROYEDRISKMANAGEMENTSTANDARDS,ANDINCREASEDRISKOFBANKFINANCINGBUSINESS4LACKOFCOMPOUND,THEHIGHQUALITYSERVICEPERSONNELOURCOUNTRYCOMMERCIALBANKININTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCEBUSINESSTALENTSHORTAGE,LIMITEDHUMANRESOURCESMANAGEMENT,ANDFOCUSONTHEFIRSTBRANCHINMARKETINGAGENCY,THELESSTALENTFORBUSINESSISBOTTLENECKSATTHESAMETIME,THEKNOWLEDGESTRUCTUREOFTALENTSBECAUSEOFTHEBANKSAREINTHEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSASINDEPENDENTBUSINESSTOBUSINESS,THEVARIETYOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSDEPARTMENTONTHESETFORTHEINTERNATIONALSETTLEMENTANDITSJOINTFINANCINGBUSINESSBYTHERELEVANTPERSONNELFAMILIARWITHINTERNATIONALSETTLEMENTANDLACKONLYFINANCIALACCOUNTINGANDCREDITMANAGEMENTINDUSTRYKNOWLEDGE,NOTFROMTHEENTERPRISEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONANDMANAGEMENTSTYLEACCURATEJUDGMENTANDCUSTOMERCREDIT,INTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCINGFORTHEPROCESSEACHLINKNOTFULLYGRASP,REDUCEDINTERNATIONALBUSINESSPRODUCTFUNCTIONANDITSEFFECTONTHEMARKET,THERISKISLACKOFTHEPOWERFULCONTROL5INTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCEBUSINESSISNOTPERFECTLEGALENVIRONMENTINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCEBUSINESSINVOLVESTHEINTERNATIONALFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS,GOODS,GOODS,MORTGAGE,PLEDGE,TRUSTANDSECURITYREQUIREMENTSOFVARIOUSLAWS,THERIGHTSANDOBLIGATIONSOFTHEBEHAVIOROFASPECIFICLEGALDEFINITIONOFFINANCIALLEGISLATIONINCHINA,BUTOBVIOUSLYLAGGINGDEVELOPMENTOFBUSINESSSOMEINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCECOMMONPRACTICEINOURTERMSANDTHELAWISNOTYETADAPTEDTOREGULATE,FOREXAMPLE,INTHEBUSINESSOFBANKCLAIMSTOTHERIGHTGOODSANDDOCUMENTS,THEBANKANDITSCUSTOMERRELATIONSHIPBETWEENDEBTTOIMPORTTRADEBUSINESS,WHETHERINATRUSTRECEIPT,FORWARD中文翻译伴随加入WTO，我国对外贸易的数量及范围将会迅速扩大，对外贸易的主体将向多层次扩展，国际贸易结算工具将呈现多样化且新业务不断推出，与之相应的国际贸易融资方式亦将呈现出前所未有的多样性、复杂性和专业化，其潜在的风险也在不断增长和变化。对于我国商业银行来讲，如何把握机遇，扩大国际贸易融资，揽收国际结算业务，最大限度获取融资效益和中间业务收益，同时，又要有效地防范和控制融资风险，是值得特别关注的问题。现状分析目前我国商业银行融资业务操作管理较粗放，还没有完全建立各种融资业务的严格标准和规范的业务操作流程。开展的国际融资业务以减免保证金开证、出口打包放款、进出口押汇等基本形式为主，而像国际保理和福费廷等较复杂的业务所占比重较小。国际贸易融资业务量与市场提供的空间相比很不协调。随着我国加入WTO和经济改革的深入，为了应对国外银行的挑战，我国商业银行对体制和经营机制也在做大刀阔斧的改革调整，逐步加大对国际贸易融资业务的资金投入。因此，我们必须借鉴国外国际贸易融资的经验教训，结合我国实际，深入分析国际贸易融资风险成因，找出阻碍我国国际贸易融资发展的症结所在。1对贸易融资业务的重要性和风险认识不够。就我国商业银行当前开展的业务结构来看，国际贸易融资所占比重较小，加之对国际业务不熟悉，不像国内业务那样得心应手，因此，虽然对国际贸易融资在国际业务中日益重要的作用有一定认识，但对国际贸易融资在改善银行的盈利能力，优化信贷资产质量等方面的作用认识不够，对开办国际贸易融资的紧迫性是没有引起足够的重视，相应地落实到具体的手段措施上力度不够，虽然这些年国际贸易融资业务有所发展，但与我国经济国际化进程相比，有不小差距。有为数不少的银行管理人员对国际贸易融资业务没有深入的了解，相关的基层部门实际经验不足，不能有效配合和支持多种融资业务的发展和管理。正因为如此，对国际贸易融资业务的风险性普遍认识较为肤浅，国际贸易融资不需实际动用资金，只需出借单据或开出信用证就可以从客户赚取手续费和融资利息，是零风险业务，这直接导致90年代中期大量信用证垫款形成的银行不良资产；二是当出现问题后，又认为国际贸易融资风险很大，采取的措施又导致国际贸易融资授信比一般贷款难，审批时间长，制约了该业务的发展。2银行内部缺乏有效的防范管理体系，风险控制手段落后。国际贸易融资业务的风险管理需要建立完备的管理体系，利用先进的技术手段对整个业务操作的各个环节进行监控管理，并协调银行相关部门之间及各分行之间的协同配合。而目前我国银行在外汇业务的处理程序方面较为落后，不同的分支行之间、不同的部门之间业务互相独立运行，缺少网络资源共享，缺乏统一协调的管理，以至无法达到共享资源、监控风险、相互制约的目的。如融资业务由国际业务部一个部门承担信贷风险控制、业务操作风险控制和业务拓展，风险控制既显得乏力，又缺乏银行内部相互制约和风险专业控制。面对我国进出口企业普遍经营亏损，拥有大量不良银