材料成型铸造毕业设计

A1A0A2A31第一章简介11中国古代铸造技术发展中华文明大致经历了石器时代、铜器时代和铁器时代三个历史阶段，这三种材质的工具和技术的创造发明，随着人类的繁衍，不断推动人类文明向高级阶段发展，金属的应用使人类文明产生了根本性的飞跃，而铸造技术的运用和金属的发展紧密联系在一起。对古代很多务农的人来说，铸造技术是一门手艺。据历史考证，我国铸造技术开始于夏朝初期，迄今已有5000多年。到了晚商和西周初期，青铜的铸造技术得到了蓬勃发展，形成了灿烂的青铜文化，遗留到今天的有一批铸造工艺水平较高的铸造产G2709。中国古代的铸造G7053G8873有G726石G3423G2375用石G3848G6122石G14179G2058G1328铸G3423G727G8889G3423古G12228G256G19530G14551G257G727金属G3423古G12228G256铁G14551G257G727G3845G15605G3423有G1998G15605G8873、G17220G15605G8873、G14085G15605G8873G6122G2063G15605G8873G727G11734G3423这种G7053G8873是G1288随G8889G3423一起产生的。中国古代铸造中的G12946G2709有G726G8827G5042铁G10434，G2508G8609G6110G7053G21730，G3247G13662G7053G4574，G7378G1411G1069G4574G11436，G8716G1060大铜G19059，大G3423铜G13546G19059，铜G17722G20544G1214G1195G19443G12573。1G21中国铸造技术发展G10628G10378G4625G12661G17829年来我国铸造G15904G1006G2474得G17817G17907的发展G15G1306G1185G9994G4396在G16780多G19394G20076。G12544一G15G999G1006化G12255G5242不高G15生产G16280G8181G4579。我国G8611年G8611G2390的平G3355生产G18339是G2715G87G15G17840G17840G1314于G13666国的G23G250G25G87和G7097本的G23G27G26G27G87。G12544G1120G15技术G2559G18339G2462G19480G2164G1552G1314。我国高G12946G5242、高性G14033铸G1226G8616G1375G8616G7097本G1314G13434G210个G11346G2010G9869。G12544三G15产G4410G11752G13479G2524不G3827紧密、铸造技术G3534G11796G15192G5381。G12544G3247G15G12661G10714水平不高G15有G1135G1237G1006G4625G12661G5353G17839了国G3818的G1820G17839的G16786G3803和技术G15G1306G2376G7092G8873生产G1998高质G18339铸G1226G15G12362G1866G2419因就是G12661G10714水平较G1314。G12544五G15材料损耗G2462G14033耗高污染严重。中国铸铁G1226G14033耗G8616G13666国、G7097本高G2601G210。G12544六G15G11752发投入G1314、G1237G1006技术自主创新体系尚未形成。13发达国家铸造技术发展G10628G10378发达国家总体上铸造技术G1820G17839、产G2709质G18339好、生产效率高、环境污染少、G2419辅材料已形成商G2709化系列化供应，如在欧洲已建立跨国服务系统。生产普遍实G10628机械化、自动化、智G14033化（计算机控G2058、机器人操G1328）。A1A0A2A32在大批G18339中G4579铸G1226的生产中，大多采用微机控G2058的高密G5242静压、射压G6122气冲造G3423机械化、自动化高效流水线湿G3423G11734造G3423工艺。G11734处G10714采用高效连续混G11734机、人工智G14033G3423G11734在线控G2058G999家系统G15G2058芯工艺普遍采用树脂G11734热、温芯盒G8873和冷芯盒G8873。熔G8181铸造普遍用硅溶胶和硅酸G1069酯做粘G13479剂的G2058壳工艺。铸造生产全过G12255主动、从严执G15904技术标准，铸G1226废G2709率仅G215G727标准更新快（标龄G235年）G727普遍G17839G15904ISO9000、ISO1G23000G12573认证。重视开发使用互联网技术，纷纷建立自己的主页、站G9869。铸造G1006的电子商务、G17840G12255G16786计与G2058造、虚拟铸造工G2390G12573飞G17907发展。1G23我国铸造未来发展趋势自中国G2164入WTO以来G15我国铸造G15904G1006面临机遇与挑战。G1866未来发展将集中在以G991G1972G7053面。G12544一G15G21735G2181G1237G1006重G13464发展G999G1006化生产G15G2265G6336铸G1226大G3423化和G17743G18339化生产。G12544G1120G15G2164大G12197技投入G2011实推动自主创新G15实G10628铸G1226的G12946G11842化生产和G6980G4395化铸造。G12544三G15G3533G1871G999G1006人G6177G2164G5390G13856工技术G3533G16769。G12544G3247G15大G2159G19489G1314G14033耗G6247好环境G1457G6264G15实G10628G9177G8917化铸造。1G7145G61G42G235G235G2507G19062G15是G42G37中的G2495G8873G15G45IS中G12228G1038G29SG235G38G15G36STG48中G12228G103810G235G150G270G48G23G25G15G39IG49G12228G1038G29G38G235。国G1881G5132G2495G235G2507G19062，G1075有G2495G256G8845G19062G257。一G14336，G5078G3342G10628G17147热G17723G4633多。冷G17723G16280G769610G230G80G80G1055G19400。G17736类G19658G1226是机器中经G5132遇到的G1868G3423G19658G1226G1055一。G4439主G16213用来G6915G6227G1268动G19658G18108G1226，G1268G17894G6209G11709和G6227G2475G17745G14667。G17736类G19658G1226是G7071G17728体G19658G1226，G1866G19283G5242大于G11464G5464，一G14336G11013G2528G5527G17736的G3818G3290G7621面、G3290G19193面、G1881G4392和G15758G13453G2462G11468应的G12483面G6164G13464成。根据G13479G7512形G10378的不G2528，G17736类G19658G1226G2499G2010G1038G1821G17736、阶G7811G17736、G12366G5527G17736和G7366G17736G12573。G17736的G19283G5464G8616G4579于5的G12228G1038G11713G17736，大于G210的G12228G1038G13466G19283G17736，大多G6980G17736G1183于G1016G13785G1055G19400。G17736用G17736G6227G6915G6227，与G17736G6227G18209G2524的G17736段G12228G1038G17736G20060。G17736G20060是G17736的G16025G18209G3534准，G4439G1216的G12946G5242和G15932面质G18339一G14336G16213G8726较高，G1866技术G16213G8726一G14336根据G17736的主G16213G2163用和工G1328G7477G1226G2058G4462。第二章铸造工艺方案的确定21支座的生产条件、结构及技术要求产G2709生产性质G252G252中批G18339生产A4A5A6A73G19658G1226材质G252G252G61G42G235G19658G1226的G3818G3423G12046G5859G3282如G3282G211G6164G12046，G6915G5243的G19658G1226G3282如G3282G21G21G6164G12046，G6915G5243的G3818形G17730G5287G4622G4556G1038G2500G80G80G13G2300G80G80G13G230G80G80，主G16213G3733G24141G25G80G80，G7380大G3733G2414G210G80G80，G1038一中G4579G3423铸G1226G727铸G1226G19512G9397G17287G1972G1321G4622G4556G12946G5242G2462材质G7053面的G16213G8726G3818，G7092G1866G1194G10317G8542技术G16213G8726。根据PROE实体G3282的测G18339得铸G1226的体积VG27G2333G230G21G80G80A8G61G42G235密G5242G11013铸造实用手册查G159321190得G726QG26G27G/CG80A8铸G1226质G18339G1038G80G25G25KGA9A10A11A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A9A19A20A21A224A23A24A25A24A26A27A28A29A23A30A31A32A335G21G714G21G6915G5243G13479G7512的铸造工艺性G19658G1226G13479G7512的铸造工艺性是指G19658G1226的G13479G7512应符G2524铸造生产的G16213G8726，易于G1457证铸G1226G2709质，简化铸G1226工艺过G12255和G19489G1314成本。审查、G2010析应考虑如G991G1972个G7053面G726铸G1226应有G2524适的G3733G2414，G1038了避免浇不到、冷隔G12573缺陷，铸G1226不应太G15192。铸G1226G13479G7512不应造成严重的收缩阻碍，注G5859G15192G3733过渡和G3290角，铸G1226G15192G2414G3733的G11468接拐弯G12573G2414G5242的G3733与G3733的各种交接，都应采G2474逐渐过渡和G17728变的形式，并应使用较大的G3290角G11468连接，避免因应G2159集中导致裂G13453缺陷。铸G1226G1881G3733应G15192于G3818G3733铸G1226的G1881G3733和肋G12573，散热G7477G1226较差，应G15192于G3818G3733，以使G1881、G3818G3733G14033G3355匀地冷G2376，减G17743G1881应G2159和防止裂G13453。G3733G2414G2159G8726G3355匀，减少肥G2414G18108G2010，防止形成热节。利于补缩和实G10628顺序凝固。防止铸G1226翘G7366变形。避免浇注位置上有水平的大平面G13479G7512。对于G6915G5243的铸造工艺性审查、G2010析如G991G726G6915G5243的G17730G5287G4622G4556G1038G2500G80G80G13G2300G80G80G131G210G80G80。G11734G3423铸造G7477G1226G991该G17730G5287G4622G4556允G16780的G7380G4579G3733G2414查铸造工艺G4410G159323G211得G726G7380G4579允G16780G3733G2414G103815G80G80。而G16786计G6915G5243的G7380G4579G3733G2414G10381G25G80G80。符G2524G16213G8726。G6915G5243G16786计G3733G2414较G1038G3355匀，G1016G3733G11468连初采用了G2164G5390肋，G2499以有效G7512成热节，不易产生热裂。G213造芯G7053G8873的选择G6915G5243的G17730G5287G4622G4556G1038G2500G80G80G13G2300G80G80G131G210G80G80，铸G1226G4622G4556较G4579，属于中G4579G3423G19658G1226且G16213大批G18339生产。采用湿G3423粘土G11734造G3423灵活性大，生产率高，生产周期G11713，便于G13464织流水生产，易于实G10628机械化和自动化，材料成本G1314，节省烘干G16786G3803、燃料、电G2159G12573，还G2499延G19283G11734箱使用寿命。因此，采用湿G3423粘土G11734机器造G3423，G8181样采用金属G8181是G2524G10714的。在造芯用料G2462G7053G8873选择中，如用粘土G11734G2058G1328G11734芯G2419料成本较G1314，G1306是烘干后容易产生裂G13453，容易变形。在大批G18339生产的G7477G1226G991，G11013于需G16213提高造芯效率，且G5132G16213G8726G11734芯具有高的G4622G4556G12946G5242，此工艺G6164需的G11734芯采用热芯盒G8873生产G11734芯，以增G2164G1866G5390G5242G2462G1457证铸G1226质G18339。选择使用射芯工艺生产G11734芯。采用热芯盒G2058芯工艺热芯盒G8873G2058芯，是用液态固性树脂粘G13479剂和催化剂G2058成的一种芯G11734，填入G2164热到一G4462的芯盒G1881，贴G17829芯盒G15932面的G11734芯G2475热，G1866粘A34A35A36A376G13479剂在很G11713的时G19400G1881硬化。而且只G16213G11734芯G15932层有G6980毫米的硬壳G2375G2499自芯G2474G1998，中G5527G18108G2010的G11734芯利用余热G2499自G15904硬化。G21G23浇注位置的G11842G4462铸G1226的浇注位置是指浇注时铸G1226在G3423G1881G6164处的G10378态和位置。G11842G4462浇注位置是铸造工艺G16786计中重G16213的环节，关系到铸G1226的G1881在质G18339，铸G1226的G4622G4556G12946G5242G2462造G3423工艺过G12255的难易G12255G5242。初步对G6915G5243对浇注位置的G11842G4462有G726G7053案一如G3282G213、G7053案G1120G3282G21G23A38A39A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A47A48A49A50A38A39A40A51A42A43A44A45A46A47A48A49A52G11842G4462浇注位置应注G5859以G991G2419则G7261铸G1226的重G16213G18108G2010应G4625G18339置于G991G18108G21重G16213G2164工面应朝G991G6122G11464立G10378态3使铸G1226的大平面朝G991，避免夹G11734G13479疤G1881缺陷A53A54A55A567G23应G1457证铸G1226G14033充G93975应有利于铸G1226的补缩G25避免用吊G11734，吊芯G6122悬臂式G11734芯，便于G991芯，G2524箱G2462检验对于G7053案一如G3282G213G17839G15904综G2524G2010析如G991G7261铸G1226的G36面（如G3282G213G6164G12046）G1038重G16213G2164工面，朝上放置容易产生气G4392、非金属夹杂物G12573缺陷。G21铸G1226的重G16213G18108G2010G1075G8821G14033全G18108置于G991G18108。对于G7053案G1120如G3282G21G23G17839G15904综G2524G2010析如G991G7261铸G1226的重G16213G18108G2010全G18108置于G991G18108，这样置于G991G18108的重G16213G18108G2010G2499以得到上G18108金属的静压G2159G1328用G991凝固并得到补缩，G13464织致密。G21铸G1226的重G16213G2164工面G36面、G37面（如G3282G21G23G6164G12046）位于G1403立面，G8616较G1821G8917，产生气G4392、非金属夹杂物G12573缺陷的G2499G14033性G4579。综G2524G8616较，G7053案G1120更G2164G12197G4410G2499G15904。G215G2010G3423面的G11842G4462G2010G3423面是指G1016G2334铸G3423G11468互接G16314的G15932面。G2010G3423面的G1260G2167在很大G12255G5242上G5445G2721铸G1226的G4622G4556G12946G5242、成本和生产率。初步对G6915G5243G17839G15904G2010G3423有G726G7053案一如G3282G215、G7053案G1120G3282G21G25、G7053案三G3282A53A54A55A568A38A39A40A57A58A38A39A40A57A59A60A46A47A48A49A50A38A39A40A61A58A59A60A46A47A48A49A52A53A54A55A569A38A39A40A62A58A59A60A46A47A48A49A63而选择G2010G3423面时应注G5859一G991G2419则G7261应使铸G1226全G18108G6122大G18108G2010置于G2528一G2334G3423G1881G21应G4625G18339减少G2010G3423面的G6980G114583G2010G3423面应G4625G18339选用平面G23便于G991芯、G2524箱和检测5不使G11734箱过高G25G2475G2159G1226的G2010G3423面的选择不应G2078G5381铸G1226G13479G7512G5390G5242G26注G5859减G17743铸G1226G9177G10714和机械G2164工G18339对G7053案一如G3282G215G17839G15904综G2524G2010析如G991G7261铸G1226G8821有G14033G4625G2499G14033的位于G2528一G2334G3423G1881，这样G1262因G1038G2524箱对准G16835差使铸G1226产生G1571G19181。G1075有G2499G14033因G1038G2524箱不严在G3414G11464面上增G2164铸G1226G4622G4556。G21G11734芯不G14033全G18108位于G991G2334G3423G1881。3上箱难于G2474G1998G8181样。对G7053案G1120如G3282G21G25G17839G15904综G2524G2010析如G991G7261铸G1226G8821有G14033G4625G2499G14033的位于G2528一G2334G3423G1881，这样G1262因G1038G2524箱对准G16835差使铸G1226产G21生G1571G19181。G1075有G2499G14033因G1038G2524箱不严在G3414G11464面上增G2164铸G1226G4622G4556。A53A54A55A5610对G7053案三如G3282G21G26G17839G15904综G2524G2010析如G991G726此G7053案较G1055G7053案一与G7053案G1120更G2164G12197G4410G2499G15904。G21G25G11734箱中铸G1226G6980G18339G2462G6502列G7053式G11842G4462G6915G5243G17730G5287G4622G4556G1038G2500G80G80G13G2300G80G80G13G230G80G80，质G18339G13434G1038G25G25KG，因此G11487铸G1226G1038中G4579G3423简G2345G1226。G6164以采用一箱一G1226生产。初步选G2474G11734箱G4622G4556G11013实用铸造手册查G1593215G235得G726上箱G1038G2650G13G2500G13G2100G80G80G991箱G1038G2650G13G2500G13G2300G80G80铸G1226在G11734箱中G6502列G7380好G3355匀对G12228，这样金属液G1328用于上G11734G3423的G6272芯G2159G3355匀，G1075有利于浇注系统G4445G6502，在G13479G2524已经G11842G4462G2010G3423面G2462浇注位置以G2462G11734箱G4622G4556，G3534本G11842G4462铸G1226在G11734箱G1881的G6502列如G3282G21G27G6164G12046，G1866中G8181样的G2519G11734G18339G3534本G11842G4462G1038G726G68G250G80G80G69100G80G80CG270G80G80A38A39A40A64A65A66A67A68A69A70A71A72A73A38A53A54A55A5611第三章铸造工艺参数及砂芯设计31工艺G16786计G2454G6980G11842G4462铸造工艺G16786计G2454G6980G17902G5132是指铸G3423工艺G16786计时需G16213G11842G4462的G7588G1135G6980据，这G1135工艺G6980据一G14336都与G8181样G2462芯盒G4622G4556有关，G2462与铸G1226的G12946G5242有密G2011关系，G2528时G1075与造G3423、G2058芯、G991芯G2462G2524箱的工艺过G12255有关。这G1135工艺G6980据主G16213是指G2164工余G18339、起G8181G7024G5242、铸造收缩率、G7380G4579铸G1998G4392、G3423芯G3848G4622G4556、铸造G3290角G12573。工艺G2454G6980选G2474的准G11842、G2524适，G6177G14033G1457证铸G1226G4622G4556G12946G11842，使造G3423、G2058芯、G991芯G2462G2524箱G7053便，提高生产率，G19489G1314成本。311铸G1226G4622G4556G1856差铸G1226G4622G4556G1856差是指铸G1226G1856G12228G4622G4556的G1016个允G16780的G7509G19492G4622G4556G1055差。在G1016个允G16780G7509G19492G4622G4556G1055G1881，铸G1226G2499G9397G17287机械G2164工，G16025G18209，和使用G16213G8726。G6915G5243G1038G11734G3423铸造机器造G3423中批G18339生产，G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G15932110得G726G6915G5243的G4622G4556G1856差G1038G38T111G23级，G2474G38T1G21级。G6915G5243的G17730G5287G4622G4556G1038G2500G80G80G13G2300G80G80G13G230G80G80，G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G1593219得G726G6915G5243G4622G4556G1856差G6980G1552G103810G80G80。31G21机械G2164工余G18339机械G2164工余G18339是铸G1226G1038了G1457证G1866G2164工面G4622G4556和G19658G1226G12946G5242，应有G2164工余G18339，G2375在铸G1226工艺G16786计时G20056G1820增G2164的，而后在机械G2164工时G2460G15999G2011G2447的金属层G2414G5242。G6915G5243G1038G11734G3423铸造机器造G3423大批G18339生产，G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G15932113得G726G6915G5243的G2164工余G18339G1038G43级。G6915G5243的G17730G5287G4622G4556G1038G2500G80G80G13G2300G80G80G13G230G80G80，G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G1593211G21得G726G1306在G2010G3423面G2462浇注系统G16786置中，不得已将重G16213G2164工面G5225面朝上放置，这样使G1866容易产生气G4392、非金属夹杂物G12573缺陷，G6164以将采G2474适G5415G2164大G2164工余G18339的G7053G8873使G1866在G2164工后不G1998G10628缺陷。将G5225面的G2164工余G18339G16855G6984G1038G26G80G80。A53A54A55A5612313铸造收缩率铸造收缩率G2460G12228铸G1226线收缩率，用G8181样与铸G1226的G19283G5242差G19512以G8181样G19283G5242的G11346G2010G8616G15932G12046G726G166G62（G471G47G21）/G471G64G13100G705G166G252铸造收缩率G471G252G8181样G19283G5242G47G21G252铸G1226G19283G5242G6915G5243G2475阻收缩率G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G1593211G23得G726G2475阻收缩率G10381G25G70531G23起G8181G7024G5242G1038了G7053便起G8181，在G8181样、芯盒的G1998G8181G7053向留有一G4462G7024G5242，以免损G3363G11734G3423G6122G11734芯。这个G7024G5242，G12228G1038起G8181G7024G5242。起G8181G7024G5242应在铸G1226上G8821有G13479G7512G7024G5242的，G3414G11464于G2010G3423面的G15932面上应用。初步G16786计的起G8181G7024G5242如G991G726G3818G3423G8181的G36面（如G328231G6164G12046）高G230G80G80的起G8181G7024G5242G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G15932115得G726粘土G11734造G3423G3818G15932面起G8181G7024G5242G1038G2190G10130G707G15G6810G80G80G3818G3423G8181的G37面（如G328231G6164G12046）高115G80G80的起G8181G7024G5242G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G15932115得G726粘土G11734造G3423G3818G15932面起G8181G7024G5242G1038G2190G10130G707G15G680G27G80G80G1306是G2528一铸G1226G16213G4625G18339选用G2528一起G8181G7024G5242，以免G2164工金属G8181时G20069繁的更G6454G2004具。G6164以选用G2528一起G8181G7024G5242G1038G2191G10110G707G15G680G27G80G80G11013于G36面，G37面（如G328231G6164G12046）G3355G1038非G2164工G15932面，因此起G8181G7024G5242的形式选用增G2164和减少铸G1226G4622G4556的G7053G8873。A53A54A55A5613A38A41A40A74A75A59A76A77A76A78A79A72A73A38315G7380G4579铸G1998G4392和G8145G19658G1226上的G4392、G8145、G2500阶G12573，G12362G12467是铸G1998来好还是G19764机械G2164工G1998来好，这应该从G2709质G2462经G8994角G5242G12573G7053面考虑。一G14336来说，较大的G4392、G8145G12573应该铸G1998来，以便节G13434金属和G2164工工时，G2528时还G2499以避免铸G1226G4628G18108过G2414G6164造成热节，提高铸G1226质G18339。较G4579的G4392、G8145G6122则铸G1226G3733很G2414则不易铸G1998G4392，G11464接G1393G19764G2164工G2465而G7053便。根据G6915G5243的G17730G5287G4622G4556G2500G80G80G13G2300G80G80G13G230G80G80G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G1593215得G726G7380G4579铸G1998G4392G13434G103815G80G80。G6915G5243的G4392G1581G23G7186G9994不应该铸G1998，机械G2164工较G1038经G8994G7053便。31G25铸G1226在G11734G3423G1881的冷G2376时G19400铸G1226在G11734G3423G1881的冷G2376时G19400G11713，容易产生变形，裂G13453G12573缺陷。G1038使铸G1226在G1998G3423时有G17287G3827的G5390G5242和G19899性，铸G1226在G11734G3423G1881应有G17287G3827的冷G2376时G19400。G6915G5243的冷G2376时G19400G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G159321G215得G726冷G2376时G19400G103850100G80G76G81。31G26铸G1226重G18339G1856差铸G1226重G18339G1856差是以G2356铸G1226G1856G12228重G18339的G11346G2010G8616G15932G12046的铸G1226重G18339变动的允G16780G14551G3272。A53A54A55A5614G6915G5243的G1856G12228重G18339G13434G1038G25G25KG，G4622G4556G1856差G1038G38T1G21级。G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G1593215G26得G726G6915G5243的重G18339G1856差G1038G48T1G25级。31G27工艺补G8503G18339在G2345G1226G4579批G18339生产中，G11013于选用的缩G4622与铸G1226的实G19481收缩率不符，G6122G11013于铸G1226产生了变形G12573G2419因，使得G2164工后的铸G1226G7588G1135G18108G2010的G3733G2414G4579于G3282样G16213G8726G4622G4556，严重时G1262因G5390G5242太G5381而G6265废。因此工艺需G16213在铸G1226G11468应的非G2164工G3733G2414上增G2164层G2414G5242G12228G1038工艺补G8503G18339。G1306G6915G5243在大批G18339生产G2081的G4579批G18339G16809产过G12255中将G17839G15904G16855G6984，G6164以G16786计中不考虑工艺补G8503G18339。319G2010G3423G17139G6980干G11734G3423、G15932面烘干G3423以G2462G4622G4556较大的湿G11734G3423，G2010G3423面G11013于烘G9912，G1474G6984G12573G2419因一G14336都不很平G6984，上G991G3423接G16314面很不严。G1038了防止浇注时G9858G9791，G2524箱G2081需G16213在G2010G3423面G1055G19400G3455以石G7837G13511、G8889G7477G12573，这样在G2010G3423面处明G7186增G2164了铸G1226的G4622G4556。G1038了G1457证铸G1226G4622G4556G12946G11842，在拟G4462工艺时G1038G6281G6493铸G1226增G2164的G4622G4556而在G8181样上减G2447G11468应的G4622G4556G12228G1038G2010G3423G17139G6980。而G6915G5243是湿G3423且是G4579G3423铸G1226G6937不G1116考虑G2010G3423G17139G6980。3110G2465变形G18339铸造较大的平G7507类、G5214G17535类G12573铸G1226时，G11013于冷G2376G17907G5242的不G3355匀性，铸G1226冷G2376后G5132G1998G10628变形。G1038了G16311G1927G6388G7366变形G19394G20076，在G2058造G8181样时，G6365铸G1226G2499G14033产生变形的G11468G2465G7053向做G1998G2465变形G8181样，使G1866于变形G18339G6281G9052，这样在G8181样上做G1998的G20056变形G18339G12228G1038G2465变形G18339。而G6915G5243G8821有较大平G7507G6937G3534本不G1262产生G6388G7366变形，G6164以不用G16786置G2465变形G18339。3111非G2164工G3733G2414G17139余G18339在手工粘土G11734造G3423、G2058芯过G12255中，G1038了G2474G1998G7420G8181，G16213G17839G15904G6982G8181，G7420G8181G2475G9538时将发生G14204G13972，这G1135G5785G1929G3355G1262使G3423G14120G4622G4556G6205大，从而造成非G2164工G3733G2414的增G2164，使铸G1226G4622G4556和重G18339G17241过G1856差G16213G8726。G1038了G1457证铸G1226G4622G4556的准G11842性，G1973形成非G2164工G3733G2414的G7420G8181G6122芯盒G1881的肋G7507G2414G5242G4622G4556应该减少，G2375G4579于G3282样G4622G4556。G1038减少的G2414G5242G4622G4556G12228G1038非G2164工G3733G2414的G17139余G18339。G6915G5243G11734芯属于机器造芯，造G3423属于机器造G3423。G6937不用G16786置非G2164工G3733G2414G17139余G18339。A53A54A55A56153G21G11734芯G16786计G11734芯的G2163用是形成铸G1226的G1881G14120、G4392和铸G1226G3818G3423不G14033G1998G11734的G18108G2010。G11734G3423G4628G18108G16213G8726G10317G8542性G14033的G18108G2010有时G1075用G11734芯。G6915G5243G11734芯的G3818G3423如G328233G6164G12046。A38A41A40A41A65A80A75A59A72A73A383G211芯G3848的G16786计G11734芯主G16213G19764芯G3848固G4462在G11734G3423上。对于G3414G11464芯G3848G1038了G1457证G1866G17736线G3414G11464、G10294固地固G4462在G11734G3423上，G5529G20047有G17287G3827的芯G3848G4622G4556。根据实G19481G16786计G18339G2474计算1G6G11734芯G11734芯高G5242G726G47G230G80G80G11734芯G11464G5464G726G39100G80G80形G10378G726G3290G7621形芯G3848G19283G5242初步选G2474G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G15932131得G726G75G210G215G80G80G2474G75G215G80G80G1998于考虑G2010G3423面的选G2474G12573因G13044综G2524芯G3848选用G3414G11464芯G3848并且不G14033做G1998上芯G3848，只G16786计G991A53A54A55A5616芯G3848并且G2164大G991芯G3848。G991芯G3848G19283G5242G16786计G1474G8503G1038G726G75G215G13G111G14G230G1235G80G80芯G3848G19400G19565初步选G2474G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G15932131得G726G8603G80G80G1306考虑G11734芯G1038G3414G11464高G5242较G1314的湿G3423G11734芯且不G16786置上芯G3848，G6164以使用过G11420的芯G3848，过G11420G18339G10380G21G80G80芯G3848G7024G5242选G2474G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G1593213G21得G726G219G304G26G2474G219G26G21、3G6G11734芯G11734芯高G5242G726G47G270G80G80G11734芯G11464G5464G726（G36G14G37）/G21G11G250G14G210G12/G21G230G80G80形G10378G726G16277G3282芯G3848G19283G5242初步选G2474G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G15932131得G726G75G21530G80G80G2474G75G215G80G80G1998于考虑G2010G3423面的选G2474G12573因G13044综G2524芯G3848选用G3414G11464芯G3848并且不G14033做G1998上芯G3848，只G16786计G991芯G3848并且G2164大G991芯G3848。G991芯G3848G19283G5242G16786计G1474G8503G1038G726G75G215G13G111G14G230G1235G80G80芯G3848G19400G19565初步选G2474G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G15932131得G726G860G21G80G80G1306考虑G11734芯G1038G3414G11464的湿G3423G4579G11734芯且不G16786置上芯G3848，G6164以使用过G11420的芯G3848，过G11420G18339G10380G21G80G80芯G3848G7024G5242选G2474G11013铸造工艺G16786计查G1593213G21得G726G219G304G26G2474G219G263G21G21G11734芯的G4462位G13479G7512G11734芯G16213G8726G4462位准G11842，不允G