导电聚合物（Conducting polymer）

1、导电聚合物（Conducting polymer）Electrically conductive polymers, or electrically conductive polymers, are polymers that can be used to make electrical conductivity within semiconductors and conductors. Usually referred to as the intrinsic condcuting polymer, this class of polymerization owners has alterna

2、ting single and double bonds, thus forming a large conjugate PI system. The flow of PI electrons produces the possibility of conducting electricity.The conductivity of conductive polymer without doping is very low and belongs to insulator. The reason is that there is a wide gap between conductive po

3、lymers (the instability of one dimensional semiconductor), and the anti-bonding orbital (empty band) at room temperature has no electrons at all. But after oxidation doping (main chain lost electrons) or restore doping (for main chain), in the original new polaron energy gap, double polaron level or

4、 soliton, the conductivity can rise to 10 10000 S/cm2, semiconductor or scope of the electrical conductivity of conductor.The electroconductive polymer (polyacetylene) was first discovered by Japanese scientist bai chuanying, and American scientists Heeger and MacDiarmid were also pioneers in this f

5、ield. The three scientists won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 2000 for their outstanding contribution in conducting polymer research.Historical events associated with conducting polymersIn 2000, ag-haig, Alan mark durmeade and the whitewater tree discovered conductive polymers.The Nobel Prize for

6、chemistry at the turn of the century was awarded to three chemists who had made remarkable achievements in conducting polymer research: the American haig, mark dimede, and Japans shirakawa.In 2000, the royal Swedish academy of sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry to the discoverers of the t

7、hree conductive polymers, and spoke highly of the scientific and technological significance of the discovery of conductive polymers.In this way, we will contact the chemistry Nobel Prize in 2000, and introduce the conductive polymer (conductive plastic) aromatic ring compound material (supermolecule

8、 compound, butterfly liquid crystal).The 2000 Nobel Prize in chemistry finally led to the research of electrically conductive polymers, which had been at their lowest ebb, in front of the historical stage.In 2000, a perennial engaged in research work in the field of conductive polymer three scientis

9、ts mark Deere mead, Mr Hague and Bai Chuanying tree won the Nobel Prize for chemistry together, one of the important reasons is conjugated polymer electroluminescent devices have been close to the practical level.In 1998, for a new hybrid computer structure l conductive glass substrate printed in *

10、a conductive polymers, and spin coating polymer light-emitting layer, on which the final steamed metallized calcium as the cathode.Starting in 1992, the company began to sell Espacer, which has a high purity conductive polymer. American UNIX companies make flexible, flexible, electrically conductive

11、 polymer leds.In 1991, the United States developed a fast response/ballistic protective material based on the principle of nonlinear absorption. Polycarbonate mixed with conductive polymer and inorganic semiconductor materials.Since 1990, when the electroluminescent properties of benzene acetylene (

12、PPV) were first reported by scientists at the university of Cambridge, UK,The study of light-emitting diodes with conductive polymers as luminous active substances is very active.The Polythiophenes (PTP or PTh), a successful Polythiophenes (PTP or PTh) developed by chemists in 1989, are another usef

13、ul conductive polymer.In 1987, a button - type secondary battery made of polyaniline was used as a commodity in the market, making polyaniline quickly become a research hotspot in the field of conductive polymer.In 1987, the total volume of conducting polymer sales in the United States was $17,000,0

14、00 and would increase to $850 million by 2000; In 1987, a total of 20,000 tons of conductive products were consumed, up from 567 million tons in 1990.In 1985, DeBerry Yin found that in acid medium by electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline film can make the stainless steel surface activity passivat

15、ion and anti-corrosion, this characteristic caused the attention of people, from then on, people began in the field of corrosion protection of conductive polymer film applied research.In 1984 the United States didnt officially to polymer materials in the research plan of space materials, from the th

16、eory analysis, preparation of polymer materials under microgravity organizational structure is more uniform, more superior performance, for the functional polymer, such as conductive polymers, ferromagnetism polymer and polymer film, etc.) of the research has great potential value, making it a micro

17、gravity materials research relay electronic materials, metal materials after one of the most important research object.Since the MacDiarmid was in acid condition in 1984, polyaniline has been one of the fastest conductive polymers in the current decade.In 1983, the Mac Diannld found polyaniline (PAN

18、) and alkali reaction, and the conductive polymer with high conductivity was obtained.Since 1981, the research department has increased dramatically, especially since Japan has invested considerable power in this area, and it is believed that the possibility of Japan occupying the market of conducti

19、ve polymer is very high.In 1981, the Japanese colas could be published as the core of island nodules and the composite conductive fibers with non-conductive polymers.Since 1980, many team used stabilizers in aqueous medium or medium nonaqueous solution was prepared by electrostatic conductive polyme

20、r colloid stability, stability of colloid dispersed system sustainable a year or so, there is a set of application value.Since 1980, scientists have been trying to synthesis has ideal performance of low energy gap conductive polymers, so-called low-energy gap conductive polymers is without doping ca

21、n also become a metal conductor of the polymer.Since 1980, due to the successful development of conductive polymer electrode active material, such as polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacenes and a series of practical development of conductive polymer, larger capacitance, lighter weight po

22、lymer battery.After 1980, the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan, France, China and the Soviet union began to study a lot of conductive polymers.After 1980, the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan, France, China and the Soviet union began to study conductive polymers.Since 1979, the first tim

23、e that the electrochemical peroxide has been formed on the surface of the electrode and the surface of the electrode has been formed, * * has aroused the enthusiasm of people to study the organic conductive polymer.Conductive polymers such as PTh and polyaniline (Pn) were developed rapidly.A series

24、of conductive polymers have been synthesized since 1979 when Diaz first produced electrochemical polypyrrole films.First reported the electrochemical oxidation of 1979 which the luo on the electrode surface can form together which the luo (P P y) film since (l, greatly inspired the people to the stu

25、dy of organic conductive polymer enthusiasm, quickly developed together eats command (PTh) and polyaniline (PAn), etc.Especially since Diazlzl first reported in 1979 that electrochemical peroxide has been formed on the surface of the electrode to form a pedicular membrane, it has greatly stimulated

26、the enthusiasm for the study of organic conductive polymers.Since 1979, the United States at the university of Pennsylvania Macdiarmid develop polyacetylene after secondary battery, people have succeeded in bringing together the phenylene conducting polymers, polymer polyaniline, mi command as a sec

27、ondary battery electrode active material.Since 1979, when the first reported on the electrode surface electrochemical oxidation which the luo form together which the luo (PPy) film, greatly arouse the enthusiasm for the people to the study of organic conductive polymers, quickly developed together h

28、ad command (PTh) and polyaniline (PAn) and other electric polymer and conductive polymer film has become a broad field of study.1. The preamble of the first preamble in 1979, Diaz has been reported that electrochemical oxidation of peila has been formed on the surface of the electrode, and since the

29、 surface of the electrode has been formed, the research enthusiasm of organic conductive polymers has been greatly stimulated.Diaz reported for the first time since 1979, the electrochemical oxidation of which the luo in the electrode surface form together which the luo (Pfy) film, since people a la

30、yer of conductive polymer film on the electrode surface modification of interest more and more strong.In 1979, A G Macdiarmid first succeeded in getting A second battery called polyacetylene, which is A good start for A conductive polymer on A secondary battery.And then the Armand was made in 1978 w

31、ith the introduction of a conductive polymer, and in the academic world and in the industry, there was a growing emphasis on benevolence.After 1977, haig developed an ultrathin and flexible electronic device using a conductive polymer, the light-emitting diode, and in 1986, Japan made a field effect

32、 tube with polythiophene.In 1977 made the first conductive polymers, 1981 out of the polymer electrode of the battery, made in the summer of 1987 to close to the copper conductivity of conductive polymers, a few months later there appeared in the market of rechargeable polymer battery for sale.After

33、 the first development of polyacetylene (PAc) in 1977, various conductive polymers have been developed.Since the discovery of the conductivity of polyacetylene in 1977, there has been a boom in research and development of conductive polymers worldwide.In 1977, the trio published a paper entitled syn

34、thesis of conductive polymers, which was recognized as a major breakthrough in the field.Bai Chuanying tree since 1977 since the first create conductive polyacetylene, conjugated conducting polymers (e.g., polyacetylene, get together eats command, poly (phenylene, which the luo and polyaniline) got

35、the attention of more and more widely, and the application range is also more and more widely, mainly used in biosensor, display materials, antistatic coatings and packaging, solid batteries, semiconductor electronic components and functional separation membrane, etc.Recently,Changchun institute of

36、applied chemistry of Chinese academy of sciences of jilin province science and technology development plan kind of crosslinking of conductive polymer materials and their application in analytical chemistry, through the organization of jilin province department of expert testimony. The expert group b

37、elieves that the device is the first in China, and the relevant research results are highly innovative, and it reaches the leading level of similar research in China.It is understood that ion detection technology is extremely important in modern industry, biotechnology and environmental protection.

38、With the development of modern industry, for example, emissions into the surrounding environment of a large number of metal cation, such as lead, mercury and other heavy metal cation great harm to the human body, important ion detection and processing has become a very important subject. In the elec

39、trochemical analysis of ions, ion-selective electrodes have always been a quick and easy detection method. However, the existing conductive polymer composite membrane material has the disadvantage of falling off the surface of the electrode, swelling, stability and reproducibility.In 2005, niu li, a

40、 researcher at the institute of Chinese academy of sciences in changchun, the Chinese academy of sciences, took on the electrochemical task force of the materials of electrochemistry, which was the conductive polymer material of the class crosslinking and its application in analytical chemistry. For

41、 the first time they will be introduced to the flexible chain connected double thiophene monomer conductive polymers, flexible chain was synthesized and the special function of double thiophene monomer, and the preparation of the conductive poly (thiophene as the skeleton of the modulated cavity wit

42、h three-dimensional molecular structure of new type mesh conductive polymers, functional group on the flexible chain, gives the species selectivity directly to the ontology of conductive polymer membrane. Kind of crosslinking structure of the pore space structure in the conductive polymer film can b

43、y adjusting the proportion of polymer monomer and flexible chain length control, so as to realize the purpose of selective response of species, its on the analysis of the test are widely used in the field of separation and enrichment.As one of the important characterization means of conductive polym

44、er materials research, they also successfully developed electrochemical membrane conductivity measuring instrument in situ, at the same time electrochemical method combined with a conductive polymer film conductivity measurement, at the same time of electrochemical signal acquisition, can real-time

45、measuring the change of membrane conductivity, belong to domestic initiationThe development direction of conductive polymerConductive polymers, commonly known as conductive plastics, have been found for more than 20 years and have been nominated several times during this period, but have failed to p

46、roduce results. This year, the Nobel Prize in chemistry was finally awarded it the three students, professor at the university of Pennsylvania mark Deere mead, another American scientist professor Hegel and Japanese scientist professor Bai Chuanying tree. It is because of their efforts that the cond

47、uctive polymer has become an important research subject for physicists and chemists. With the results of the Nobel Prize in chemistry, researcher at the Chinese academy of sciences, chemistry, wan mei xiang sincerely feel happy, because one of the winners of professor mark Deere mead is her postdoct

48、oral mentor. The Nobel Prize for conducting polymers is the greatest affirmation and inspiration to those who do the work. She said. In an interview with our reporter, wanmei xiang said that in traditional concept, organic polymer polymer plastics are insulators, which do not conduct electricity.But

49、 the above three scientists successfully created a conductive polymers, make its conductivity s / 103 cm, about half of the copper as a general rule, an object can be divided into four types: insulators, semiconductors, conductor and superconductor, conductive polymers has realized from insulator to

50、 semiconductor, and the change of the conductor, is able to complete the material of all the biggest span in morphological changes, it is these characteristics make the conductive polymer material has many excellent application performance.In 1977, the Japanese scientists Bai Chuanying tree of a stu

51、dent in the synthesis of polyethylene experiment, will increase the amount of catalyst accidentally under three orders of magnitude, the results of the synthesized polyethylene powder is not often, but became a metallic thin film. Scientists in the United States at this time, mark Deere m just a vis

52、iting scholar in the lab Bai Chuanying tree, he know this matter, as soon as the the conductivity of polymer film and hes been thinking about problems. Then they used the inorganic semiconductor hybrid method to mix iodine into the film, raising the electrical performance of polythene from 10-9 to 1

53、03, thus reaching the metal state.Later, in the United States, another scientist, Hegel, made the first step in using a conductive polymer to make light-emitting diodes that can be curved and thin.As the application of scale has not been very good, the conductive polymer has been in a low ebb, but i

54、ts research has been continuing. Member of Chinese academy of sciences (htma money one yuan said: this is done in scientific research, the discovery of a huge at the time may not be dramatic, but it will have recognized the value of one day. There are risks of time investment in technology research,

55、 you cant always ask for it on the commercial immediate. Announced this years Nobel Prize, wan mei xiang researcher in the lecture notes for synthesis of metal meetings, said: the field of conductive polymers is still the materials development and research hotspot in the field of high and new techno

56、logy; the challenge and opportunity coexist in this area; recent research forecast in the field of conductive polymer materials play a leading role in the field of 21st century, scientists dream will come true. What she didnt expect was that the conference had not yet opened, and that conductive pol

57、ymer was the subject of chemistry at the turn of the century. Our dream is to make conducting polymers have widespread application, she said excitedly: now conductive polymers got the Nobel Prize, this is to the people engaged in the study and the work of the affirmation and encouragement. Plastic c

58、onductive polymer situation and 50 s situation is very similar, now we have more reason to believe that large scale will be implemented.Application of conductive polymersAccording to researchers at wan mei xiang, conductive polymers not only in national security, national economy, and in areas such

59、as industrial production and life often has great application value, is a kind of very useful data in these fields. The performance of leds is now comparable to inorganic luminescent materials and has been commercialized, which will be a breakthrough in the large-scale use of conductive polymers. Conductive polymer has antistatic propert