生于忧患死于安乐

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3、成才路,字词注音,畎亩（ ） 傅说（ ） 曾益（ ） 胶鬲（ ） 法家拂士（ ）,qun,yu,zn,b,曾益其所不能（ ） 困于心衡于虑而后作（ ） 入则无法家拂士（ ）,通“增”，增加,通假字,通“横”，梗塞、不顺,通“弼”，辅佐,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

4、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

5、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,舜发于畎亩之中,字词释义,舜在历山耕田，后被尧起用，成为尧的继承人。发，兴起，指被任用。畎亩，田地。,傅说原在傅岩为人筑墙，因以傅为姓，后被殷王武丁任用为相。举，选拔、任用。版筑，古人筑墙，在两块夹板中间放土，再用杵夯实。筑，捣土用的杵。,傅说举于版筑之间,管夷吾举于士,胶鬲举于鱼盐之中,胶鬲原以贩卖鱼盐为生，西伯（周文王）把他举荐给纣王。后来，他又辅佐周武王。,管仲（字夷

6、吾）原是齐国公子纠的臣，纠与公子小白（即后来的齐桓公）争夺君位失败，管仲作为罪人被押回齐国，后经鲍叔牙推荐，被齐桓公任用为相。士，狱官。举于士，被从狱官手中释放出来，进而得到任用。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

7、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

8、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,孙叔敖举于海,孙叔敖隐居海滨，楚庄王知道他有才能，用他为相。,百里奚：春秋时期虞国大夫。虞亡后被俘，由晋入秦，又逃到楚。后来秦穆公用五张公羊皮把他赎出来，用为大夫。市，集市。,百里奚举于市,都经历了艰难困苦之后才成就了大业。目的是以事实证明只有经历艰难困苦的磨炼才能成就大业（逆境造就人才），从而证明“生于忧患”的道理。,第一段运用排比句列举事实，人物共同点是什么？列举人物的目的是什么？,韩信受胯下之辱成将军 居里夫人发现了镭元

9、素 毛泽东、周恩来、朱德、邓小平等领导人开创了新中国的历史 张海迪高位截肢自学了四国外语,请你举出古今中外同类型的事例。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

10、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

11、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,故天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志， 劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其 所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。,责任，使命。,语气助词，用在前半句末，表示停顿。,使动用法，使痛苦。,思想意志。,使劳累。,使饥饿。,财资缺乏。这里是动词，使他身处贫困之苦。,违背。,拂，违背。乱，扰乱。,用这些办法。,使他的心受到震撼，使他的性格坚忍起来。动，使惊动；忍，使坚韧。,增加。曾，同“增”。,“是人”指像上文所列举的经历了艰难困苦之后才成就了大业的人。 采用了从个别到一般的顺序。,“是人”指什

12、么人？作者由列举的历史人物写到“是人”，这是什么顺序？,说明人要有所作为，成就大业，就必须在生活、思想和行为等方面都经受一番艰难困苦的磨炼。,作者在第一段列举事实之后，以“天将降大任于”一段话说明了什么道理？,人恒过，然后能改；困于心，衡于虑，而后作；征于色，发于声，而后喻。,常常犯错误。,困惑。,通“横”，梗塞，不顺。,奋起。这里指有所作为。,表现在脸色上。意思是憔悴枯槁，表现在脸上。征，表现。色，脸色。,流露在言谈中。发，显露、流露。,了解，知晓。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

13、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

14、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。然后知生于忧患而死于安乐也。,指在国内。,法家，守法度的大臣。拂士，辅佐君主的贤士。“拂”，通“弼”，辅佐。,指

15、在国外。,常处忧愁祸患之中可以使人生存。,常处安逸快乐之中可以使人死亡。,苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为。（艰难困苦的磨炼）,造就人才的客观（外部）条件是什么？,困于心，衡于虑。（内心忧困，思虑堵塞，经历一番艰苦的思想斗争）,造就人才的主观（内部）条件是什么？,论述了“死于安乐”的道理。这句针对国君提出，意思是说如果国内没有执法严格、敢于直谏的臣子，国君就会胡作非为；外面如果没有势力、地位相等的国家，国君就会耽于安乐。这样，国家常常会灭亡。,“入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。”这句论述了什么道理？怎样理解这句话？,举例论证列举舜、傅说、胶鬲、管夷吾、孙叔敖、百里

16、奚等历史上六个著名人物从卑微到显贵的事例。,全文运用了什么论证方法？（论证的思路和方法）,类比论证从个人事例说起，在得出“困境出人才”这个观点后，转到统治者治国上，指出决定国家存亡的因素和个人能否成就大事业的因素相仿。 对比论证从正反两方面论证经过磨炼的益处，说明人处困境能激发斗志，国无忧患易遭灭亡的道理。,联系现实生活，谈谈你对“生于忧患，死于安乐”的理解。,合作探究,课文是从两个角度说理的。一是关于人才的造就问题。孟子在这个问题上强调了两个方面：,一方面人的才能是在艰难困苦的磨炼中形成的、增长的，担当“大任”者，必先经历一番“苦”、“劳”、“饿”等等艰难困苦的磨炼，方能增长才能，担此大任，

17、才能不是天生的，而优哉游哉，贪安图乐，自然也增长不了才能，才能从磨炼中来。,另一方面他指出人要能够经受住挫折困顿的考验，在挫折困顿中奋起，这样才会有所作为，挫折困顿面前，振作精神，努力奋斗，发挥主观能动性，方能冲出困境；若颓然丧志，一蹶不振，自然也就消沉下去，才能从奋斗中来。,二是关于国家的治理问题。孟子指出拥有贤臣，采纳诫谏，保持警觉，居安思危对一个国家是极端重要的，这关系到国之存亡。孟子的这个思想有深远的意义，试想，一个国家如果奸邪当道，佞臣弄权，沉湎安乐，丧失警觉，那么其前途命运是可想而知的。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

18、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,板书设计,天将降大任于是人也