全国通用版高考英语三轮冲刺提分练话题练第17练科普知识与现代技术

1、科普知识与现代技术基础巩固. 单句语法填空1 theinternethasenabledus(know) andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.2 however， someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind.3therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring)aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.4 iwilltellyou(direct) thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethes

2、ocialprogress.5 in18thcentury， the(invent) ofthesteamengineledtothefirstindustrialrevolution.6weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient)tous.7incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely.8 whyisayitnormalisbecauseibelievethatnothin

3、gis(absolute) goodandrightforus.9exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，(include)robots.10 wecandomanythingsthatwe didn thavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use) robots. 单句改错 ( 每小题仅有1 处错误 )11 therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic

4、.12acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation.13butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.14ifourgovernmentdoitwell，ifullbelievethattheinternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，though

5、somepeoplealsocriticizeitsothereremanyaccidents.16actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.17 weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18 thenewtechnology ，ifapplyingtoricegrowing， willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19 hethoughtth

6、atthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20 iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlife thecomputernetwork.第1页共10页话题词汇1 advantagen 2 artificialadj . 人造的，人工的3 negative effect 面影响4 breakthroughn突破5 surf the internet上网6 explorev探索7 conveniencen方便8 with the deve

7、lopment of.随着的 展9change one s life改 某人的生活10 drawback n缺点，不利条件能力提升. 理解a(2020 宁葫芦 一模)accordingtoanewresearchfromtheuniversityofcambridgeinengland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfami

8、liarhumans.however，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalroyalsociety showedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerpresidentbarackobamaandactressemmawatson.initially，thesh

9、eepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.later，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent thesamerateatwhichahumansabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“anyonewh

10、ohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidprofessorjennymorton，wholedthecambridgestudy. “weveshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedface-recog第2页共10页nitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys. ”recognizingfacesisoneofthe

11、mostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includinghuntingtonsdisease ，affectthisability.“sheeparelong-livedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchashuntington sdiseasethatdev

12、elopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认 知 的 )abilities.ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”mortonsaid.21 accordingtothenewresearch，whatsunusualaboutsheep?a theyhavelargebrains.b theycanrecognizetheirowners.c theycantellanimalsfromhumans.d theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotograph

13、s.22 howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?a bygivingfoodrewards.b byshowingphotosoffamouspeople.c byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.d byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.23 whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?asheephaveahigherface-recognitionabilitythanmonkeys.b thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothest

14、udyofcognitiveabilitychanges.cthesheepsface-recognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.dthesheepsface-recognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.24whatsthebesttitleofthepassage?a awonderfulscientistb thelifeofsheepc anewdiscoveryaboutsheepd howsheeprecognizeeachotherb(2020 四川内江

15、一模)inrecentyears，carmanufacturers(制造商)havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenv ironment.oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfoss第3页共10页il(化石)fuelswithelectricmotors.unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydi

16、dntsellverywell.theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.however， carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.thisiswherethehybridcar，whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine，comesin.theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbette

17、rfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar.inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.whenthecarneedsmaximumpower，forexample，ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill， itusesallofitsresources(资源 )，butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.whenslowingdownorb

18、reaking，theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.also，hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight.bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars，sotheyprod

19、ucelesspollution.ofcourse，hybridcarsaren tperfect;theystillrunonfossilfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.however，theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner，“greener ”cars.carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengiv ingoffharmlesswatervapor.itlookslikewemightbeheadin

20、gintherightdirection.25 whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors? a theymovedveryfast.b theywereunpopular.c theirengineswereoftenreplaced.d theirengineswereexpensive.26 howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction?a itkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.b itdirectsthecartoclimbhills.c itdecideswhereto

21、powerthecar.d itcontrolshowthecarusespower.27 whatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinparagraph5?第4页共10页acarssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.b electricmotorandpetrolengine.c hybridcarandhydrogencar.d aluminumandcarbonfiber.28whatsthebesttitleforthetext?acarsenginesb carpollutionc greencarsdcarsadvantages

22、 . 完形填空iwasconfusedwhileiwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.iwassittingtherelookingatwhati d29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.i maboutto31alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.whatcanisay ？ i mtryingtolosesomeweight.32， idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslo

23、wly.ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步 机 )andi34myselfwithpotatochips.i35thatiwillnolongereatthemagain，soijusteatalotatthistime.imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime “justonechipwon t 36it ”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo ？”ofcourse，i37dowel

24、lwithmyweightlossprogram.onceiputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising38.iwasstartingtofeela(n)39.icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.butjustasitwasabouttobecomea40，ienteredaperiodoflong， latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.

25、withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43.unfortunatebut44，iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.45，ihadworktodo，forwhichineededalltheenergyicould46.soistartedskippingexercisesessions.and47istarteddoingso， itbecameeasiertoskipthem.therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo

26、.everyreasonisjustanother48.29 a.cookedb orderedc designedd introduced30 a.battleb competitionc performanced practice第5页共10页31 a.burnb containc losed consume32 a.surprisinglyb happilyc unfortunatelyd hopefully33 a.comingoffb passingawayc takingoffd turningaway34 a.equipb connectc presentd reward35 a

27、.agreeb pretendc imagined decide36 a.hurtb countc changed solve37 a.alwaysb sometimesc seldomd never38 a.hardlyb instantlyc regularlyd slightly39 a.urgeb attractionc differenced pain40 a.planb habitc gamed hobby41 a.originalb commonc inspiringd tight42 a.awakeb calmc healthyd strong43 a.goalb memory

28、c realityd trend44 a.unbelievableb changeablec understandabled enjoyable45 a.thereforeb howeverc besidesd otherwise46 a.lackb savec showd throw47 a.onceb beforec unlessd though第6页共10页48 a.choiceb faultc caused excuse答案解析.1.toknow2.to3.hasbrought4.directly5.invention6 convenience7.with8.absolutely9.i

29、ncluding10.using.11.therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemmoreattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.equipments12acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipment andinformation.13butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.bothers1

30、4ifourgovernmentdoitwell，ifullfullybelievethattheinternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15 themoderntransportbenefitsourlife， thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsobecausethere remanyaccidents.16actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.which17 weliveinanagewhen m

31、oreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.applying18 thenewtechnology ，ifappliedtoricegrowing， willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.第7页共10页feed19hethoughtthatthekeytopeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.feedinginvention20iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventionsinour

32、life thecomputernetwork.语篇解读本文介绍了一项新的研究成果：绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸。21 d 细节理解题。由第一段中的“sheep are able to recognize human faces fromphotographs ”可知，绵羊的不寻常之处在于它们能够从照片中识别人脸，故选d。22 a 细节理解题。由第四段首句“ initially， the sheep were trained to approachcertain images by being given food rewards.”可知，研究人员通过给绵羊食物奖励来训练绵羊，故选 a。 23b

33、推理判断题。由最后一段中的“ thatmeans they can be useful models to help.ourstudy gives us another way to monitor how theseabilities change.”可以推断出，该项新发现有益于对认知能力改变的研究，故选b。 24 c 标题归纳题。通读全文可知这篇文章主要讲了一项新的研究表明绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸，故选c。 语篇解读本文介绍了一种由电脑操控引擎、经济环保的混合动力汽车。25b 推理判断题。 根据第二段第二、三句“ unfortunately， these vehicleshad sever

34、aldisadvantages and they didnt sell very well.theproblems were that the batteriesof these electric cars ran out very quickly and took a long time to recharge.”可知，这种电动汽车的电池很快就耗尽了，而且充电需要花很长时间，所以不受欢迎卖得不好。故选 b。 26 d 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“ina hybridcar ， the engineiscontrolledbya computerwhich determineswhether

35、the car runs on petrol， electricity，or both. ”可知，混合动力车的电脑决定该车是使用汽油、电力还是两者兼用。故选d。 27a 代词指代题。根据第五段中的“ theyhave a much smallerengine than a traditionalcar ”及“ usingmaterialssuch as aluminum and carbon fiber ，which makes them extremelylight”可知，更小的发动机和特殊的建造材料使混合动力车省油，所以both of them指的是这两者，故选a。 第8页共10页28c

36、。文章介 了一种由 操控引擎、 保的混合 力汽 。c 项 ( 绿色 保 ) 概括了其主要 点，适合作 本文 。. 篇解 作者想要减肥，但是他不断地 入大量脂肪，又因 种种原因放弃了 ，最 减肥失 。29bcook 烹 ； order点菜，命令； design ； introduce介 。由上文中的“ iwaseating lunch in a restaurant”可知，此 指作者看着自己“点的食物”。30 abattle 斗； competition 争； performance表演； practice 。下一句提到作者 入大量脂肪，又喝 打水减肥，故可知作者非常矛盾，内心做着激烈的“斗争”

37、。故a 正确。 31 dburn燃 ； contain包含； lose 失去； consume 吃，喝， 。作者打算消耗掉大量的脂肪。故d 正确。 32 csurprisingly令人惊 地；happily高 地； unfortunately不幸地； hopefully有希望地。上一句提到作者想要减肥，但是不幸的是作者 不断地 入大量脂肪，所以此 意 “不幸的是”。故c 正确。 33 acome off 从掉下； pass away 去世； take off 起 ； turn away 拒 入。作者不断地 入大量脂肪， 是作者体重下降慢的原因。故a 正确。 34dequip 装 ，使具有； connect 接； present ，呈 ； reward 。作者在跑步机上 半个小 后，用薯片来 励自己。故d 正确。 35dagree 同意； pretend 假装； imagine 想象； decide 决定。由后面的“ so i just eata lot at this time”可知，作者决定以后再也不吃薯片了，所以只在 次吃很多的薯片。故 d 正确。 36 ahurt危害， 害；count 数数； change 改 ； solve 解决。作者 只吃一片薯片不会妨碍自己减肥， 是作者 自己吃薯片找的借口。故a 正确。 37balways一直， 是；