高考语法专练之数词专项--专题-数词

1、专题 数词一.概念: 数词分两类:基数词和序数词.表示数目的词叫基数词,表示顺序的词叫序数词.来源:学*科*网二.数词之高考方向1掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄、序号的基本用法。2掌握不定数量词、约数词的表达方法。数词在各个题项中，单选、阅读、听力、写作中发挥着很强的作用，往往用以说明事实的精确性和可信性。数词是由两大部分构成的即基数词和序数词，而其他数字表示法如分数，小数等均由这两大部分的不同组合而构成。三高考基本知识之基数词1）基数词一般可写成如345或three hundred and forty-five。2）基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用dozen(

2、12)、score(20)、hundred、thousand、million 、billion的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。 two dozen eggs, three score of girls/three score days, six thousanddozens of , thousands of, tens of thousands of（数以万计）, millions of3）基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数：a. 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连 用，如scores of people 指许

3、多人；b.在一些表示一排或一组的词组里；如：They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到达了。c. 表示几十岁；in ones thirties，in ones teensd. 表示年代，用 in +the +数词复数；in the 1980s/1980se. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.4）基数词的句法功能： 基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。 The two happily opened the box 两个人高兴地打开了盒子。（作主语） I need thr

4、ee altogether 我总共需要三个。（作宾语） Four students are playing volleyball outside 四个学生在外面打排球。（作定语） We are sixteen 我们是16个人。（作表语） They three tried to finish the task before sunset 他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。（作同位语）2. 高考基本知识之序数词1）A从第一至第十九 one- first， two- second， three- third， five- fifth，eight-eighth，nine-ninth，twelve- t

5、welfth为特殊形式，其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如： six- sixth、nineteen- nineteenthB从第二十至第九十九 整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i，再加“eth”构成。twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth 表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“”和个位序数词形式一起表示 thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C第一百以上的多位序数词 由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。 on

6、e hundredth第一百 one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一 one thousand，three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D序数词的缩写形式有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。first-lst second-2nd third-3rd fourth-4th twentieth-20th twenty-third- 23rd 其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th 2）序数词的句法功能序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。 The second is what I rea

7、lly need 第二个是我真正需要的。（作主语） He choose the second 他挑选了第二个。（作宾语） We are to carry out the first plan 我们将执行第一个计划。（作定语） She is the second in our class在我们班她是第二名。（作表语） 序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词 the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示再-，又-。 Well go over it a second time Weve tried it three timesMust we try it a fourth time? 表示日期

8、用序数词May 5 五月五日（读作May fifth）,也可以表示为the fifth（5th）of May 3）序号表示法1）单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。如：No.1第一号2）事物名词的序号表达法有所不同：对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达，形式分别为：the + 序数词 + 名词；名词 + 基数词。如：第一次世界大战可以表示为the First World War或World War One, Lesson 8 =the eighth lesson对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即名词 + 数词。如：501号房间表示为Room 501, 538路公共汽

9、车表示为Bus 538。可用a / the + number + 基数词 + 名词。如：a No.5 bus一辆五路公共汽车，the No.8 bus那辆8路公共汽车。(思考：谓语动词的单复数？)3分数表示法1）分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，.其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quart

10、er 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 2）百分数用基数percent表示 50 fifty percent3 three percent分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式：分数/百分数 of + the /these/those/my+ 名词 / 代词, 其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致，如：Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.Seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water. One third of the students are

11、 from the town.3）分数的其它表达形式：分子与分母之间加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one in ten 十分之一，five in eight八分之五。分子与分母之间加out of , 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one out of ten十分之一，five out of eight八分之五4小数表示法 小数用基数词来表示，以小数点为界，小数点左首的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右首的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读；小数点读作 point，o读作 zero或o，整数部分为零时，可以省略不读. 0.4 zero po

12、int four或point four 零点四 10.23 ten point two three 十点二三 5倍数的表达方式once, twice, three times, four times（1）倍数用在as + 形容词 / 副词（原级）+ as结构之前。如：They have three times as many cows as we do.（2）倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前或by + 倍数用在比较级之后。如：This rope is four times longer than that one.They produced more products in 2001 than

13、 those in 2000 by twice.The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.（3）倍数用在表示度量名词前，其基本结构为：倍数 + the +size / length / weight + of + 表示比较对象的名词，也可用于倍数 + what引导的从句中。如：This room is three times the size of that one.The college is twice what it was 5 years age.You cant imagine that ra

14、ts eat 40 to 50 times their weight.6大约数的表示方法（1）用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。（2）dozen表约数（一打），基数词+dozen+名词复数(不加of)。如：two dozen pens。注意:若名词前有the,this,those等修饰时要加of.如：one dozen of the eggs,two dozen of the eggs.(3)score(20)单复数同形，通常与of连用。但时间名词前不加of.如: one sc

15、ore years20年（4）用less than、under、below、almost、nearly、up to 等来表示小于或接近某数目。He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours.（5）用more than、over、above、beyond、or more等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如：Peking University has a history of more than 100 years.（6）用or、or so、about、around、some、more or less等表示

16、在某一数目左右。About 50 people were present at that time. （7）用to、from to、between and表示介于两数词。如：His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week.7加减乘除表示法1. 加用plus，and或add表示；等于用is，make，equal等词表示。2+3=? 可表示为： How much is two plus three? 2+3=5 Two plus three is five Two and three is equal to five Two

17、 and three make five Two added to three equals five If we add two to/and three, we get five 2. 减用 minus或 take from表示 106?How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4 Ten minus six is four Take six from ten and the remainder is four. Six (taken) from ten is four 3. “乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示 3X4? How much is three

18、 times four? 3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelve Three fours is/are twelve Multiply three by four，and we get twelve Three multiplied by four makes twelve 4. “除”用divide的过去分词形式表示 164=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 1644 Sixteen divided by four is four Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/make

19、s four If you divide 16 by 4, you get 4. 三.即学即练 1._ people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.A.Several million B.Many millionsC.Several millions D.Many million2. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A.were ; was B.was ; was

20、 C.was ; were D.were ; were3. Shortly after the accident, two _ police were sent to the sport to keep order. A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozen of 4. _ of the land in that district_ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are5. It is sa

21、id that the mountain is about _ high, through which the peasants dug a hole _ deep.A. 400 foot/six hundreds metresB. 400 foots/six hundred metresC. 400 feets/six - hundred - metreD. 400 feet/six- hundred metres6. _ cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps. A. The hundredth B. The hund