UnitFiveLoveisaFallacy[65页]

1、Unit 5 Love is a Fallacy,Li Xingqiao College of International Exchange 2.understand the structure and grasp the main idea of the text; 3.master the language points appeared in the unit; 4. To familiarize students with basic knowledge of logical fallacies; 5. help students to appreciate the humor of

2、the author. 6. conduct a series of discussing, analyzing, presenting activities related to the theme of this essay.,Unit 5 Love is a Fallacy,CONTENTS,B,E,Lead-in,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,Exercise Jason hasnt either; Ms Yan hasnt probably; so no UFO at all. 3). Post Hoc牵强附会谬误：The fallacy of fa

3、lse cause mislocates the cause of one phenomenon in another that is only seemingly related. Post hoc mistakes temporal sequence for causal connection . Dont sing this song. Every time you sing this song, the baby gets sick. His eyes are very big, so he must have good eyesight.,Lead-in,4). Contradict

4、ory Premises矛盾前提谬误： The conclusion is contradictory to the premise. This is the mightiest sword which is able to shatter any shield, and that is the most indestructible shield which is capable of enduring any stroke. 5). Ad Misericordiam文不对题谬误： The fallacy of irrelevant conclusion is committed when

5、the conclusion changes the point that is at issue in the premises. “He was late to the class today.” “Because he was scolded by his mother yesterday.” Maybe he isnt qualified enough for this job, but think about his relationships, his uncle is the mayor, and his father is the chairman of the company

6、 which has steady business relations with us.,Lead-in,6). False Analogy错误类别谬误： Since we have moon cakes in the Moon Festival, why dont we have spring cakes in the Spring Festival? 7). Hypothesis Contrary to Fact与事实相反的假设谬误： “If the gunpowder hadnt been invented, there wouldnt have been so many wars i

7、n the world. How could you have passed the exam what if I hadnt told you the answer in advance? 8). Poisoning the Well投井下毒谬误: “speaking against the man” rather than to the issue in which the premises may only make a personal attack on a person who holds some thesis, instead of offering grounds showi

8、ng why what he says is false. Dont listen to any word from him, for he is most shameful cheating around the world.,1. What implication does the title contain?,Global Reading,There is a deceptive or delusive quality about love. Love is an error, a deception that does not fellow the principle of love.

9、,2. Whats the main idea or the plot of the story?,The narrator of the story, Dobie Gilles, a freshman in a law school struggled against Petey Burch, his roommate whose girl friend he planned to steal. In order to make Polly a suitable wife for himself, Dobie gave her a series of lessons on logical f

10、allacies on a few nights dating. Yet what he had done backfired on him when Polly refuted all his arguments as logical fallacies before finally rejecting him, just because Burch owned a raccoon coat that all fashionable people on campus were wearing. In fact it was Dobie himself who gave Burch the r

11、accoon coat for the privilege of dating the girl.,3. The elements of the story?,Global Reading,Theme: love is a fallacy. (to be specific, love is an error, a deception and an emotion that does not follow the principles of logic. Through the story, we can find that in the affluent society, girls do n

12、ot want brilliant, gifted or educated husbands, but want husbands who are rich and wealthy enough to provide all the things necessary for keeping up with the Joneses home, clothes, cars, etc.) Protagonist: Dobie Gilles Antagonists: Petey Burch, Polly Espy Tone: light, humorous, satirical Point of vi

13、ew: first person Climax: Para 147-150 when Polly refused to go steady with Dobbie because she had already promised to go steady with Petey Burch.,Main idea: Love is fallacy, it doesnt follow logic.,Structure,Main idea: The deal to change the caccoon coat for the girlfriend.,Main idea: A brief commen

14、t on the story,Part II: Para. 4-59,Part III: Para. 60-124,Part I: Para. 1-3,Part IV: Para. 125-154,Main idea: The tough job of making Polly smart by teaching her logic.,Global Reading,Detailed Reading of Part I,1. What do you know about charles Lamb?,Main Idea?,Charles Lamb ( Feb. 10, 1775, London,

15、England-Dec. 27, 1834, Edmonton, Middlesex), English essayist and critic, best-known for his series of miscellaneous (各种各样的 ) Essays of Elia, but also among the greatest of English letter writers, and a perceptive literary critic.,A brief comment on the story.,Detailed Reading of Part I,2. What do y

16、ou know about Thomas Carlyle ?,Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 5 February 1881) was a Scottish satirical writer, essayist, historian and teacher during the Victorian era. He called economics the dismal science, wrote articles for the Edinburgh Encyclopedia, and became a controversial social commenta

17、tor.,Detailed Reading of Part I,3. What are the comments made about the story ?,He compare it with Charles Lambs memorable, informal essays; This is also an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lambs frontier, which is limp or flaccid or possibly spongy“; It is without doubt an essay, for it dev

18、elops an argument; it cites instances; it reaches a conclusion; The essay or story which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma;,Detailed Reading of Part I,Language points,1. enterprising: a.

19、Showing initiative and willingness to undertake new projects有事业心的,富进取心的 ;,practice,Some enterprising students are designing software. Its very enterprising of them to start up a business like that.,2. fetter: n. chain put round the feet of a person or animal to limit movement 脚镣; v. to put chains on

20、 a prisoners hands or feet; to restrict someones freedom;,practice,The prisoner was kept in fetters. I hate being fettered by petty rules and regulations.,Detailed Reading of Part I,Language points,3. Limp: v. to walk slowly and with difficulty because one leg is hurt or injured跛行; a. not stiff or f

21、irm 柔软的,practice,The injured footballer limped slowly off the field. His body suddenly went limp and he fell down on the floor. a limp handshake, a limp opposition,4. flaccid: a. soft and weak instead of firm, lacking vigor or energy软弱的,松弛的,不结实的,松软无力的 ;,practice,The companys condition worsened for t

22、he flaccid manadement. Being rather old, shes got flaccid cheeks.,Detailed Reading of Part I,Language points,5. pedantic: a. characterized by a narrow, often ostentatious(炫耀的, 卖弄的 ) concern for book learning and formal rules: 迂腐的，学究式的; paying too much attention to rules or to small unimportant detai

23、ls;,practice,Reading in a pedantic way may turn you into a bookworm or a bookcase, which has long been opposed. Some people can be very pedantic about punctuation.,6. trauma: n. An emotional wound or shock that creates substantial, lasting damage to the psychological development of a person创伤;,pract

24、ice,She was going through the traumas of divorce.,Detailed Reading of Part II,Subsection 1(Para.4-5): The evaluation of himself and Petey.,Subsection 2(Para.6-19): Peteys claim to have a raccoon coat.,Subsection 3(Para.20-27): my decision to take advantage of Petey to win Polly.,Subsection 4(Para.28

25、-40): My first rounds of probe to weigh my decision.,Para.4-59,Main Idea?,The deal to change the caccoon coat for Peteys girlfriend.,Subsection 5(Para.41-59): The deal to exchange the caccoon coat for Peteys girlfriend.,Detailed Reading of Subsection 1(Para.4-5),1. How does the narrator evaluate him

26、self and Petey? What kind of personality does that show?,Dobie heaps on himself all the beautiful words of praise he can think of cool, logical, keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute, astute, my brain as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemists scales, as penetrating as a scalpel for one who

27、 is only eighteen, it is not often. Dobie was calm, controlled, rational, and above all arrogant and self conceited. At the same time, the narrator takes every opportunity to downgrade Petey. He calls him: dumb, nothing upstairs, mindless,unstable, impressionable and a faddist;,Detailed Reading of P

28、art II,Language points,1. keen: a. eager; enthusiastic 热切的, 热心的; (of feelings, etc) intense; strong; （指感情等）强烈的, 深刻的; (of the senses or mind) sensitive and quick to understand 敏锐的, 精明的；,practice,She is keen on tennis. I have a keen desire to go there. Dogs have a keen sense of smell.,2. perspicacious

29、: good at judging and understanding people and situations, insightful有洞察力的,判断力强的;,practice,It is very perspicacious of you to find the cause of the trouble so quickly. His perspicacious grandfather had bought the land as an investment, guessing that there might be gold underground.,Detailed Reading

30、of Part II,Language points,3. acute: a. serious or severe严重的; (of feelings) strong,sharp, sensitive; 敏锐的，剧烈的; (of the mind) quick to understand 敏锐的, 精明的；,practice,Theres an acute shortage of water. He is an acute observer. He gave us an acute analysis of Middle Eastern politics.,4. astute: a. clever

31、 and quick at seeing how to gain an advantage; shrewd 精明的, 机敏的, 狡诈的;,practice,Bill was an astute politician, nerver making a mistake in judging the world situation. It was an astute move to sell just before prices went down.,Detailed Reading of Part II,Language points,5. fad: n. fashion, interest, p

32、reference, enthusiasm, etc that is not likely to last 流行的时尚 爱好 狂热等; faddist n.,practice,His interest in photography is only a passing fad. He is one of leading faddists in our university.,6. negate: v. to prevent something from having any effect使不起作用或无效；to deny or disprove the existence of (sb/sth)

33、否定或否认（某人某事物）的存在; negative a. negation n.,practice,These facts negate your theory. My drinking was starting to have a negative effect on my work. He shook his head in silent negation.,Detailed Reading of Subsection 2(Para.6-19),1. How did Petey want a raccoon coat? How did the author show us his keen

34、 desire for it?,He wants a raccoon coat very much. He wants a raccoon coat so much that he seems to be sick: I found Petey lying on his bed with an expression of such distress on his face that I immediately diagnosed appendicitis. He was so concerned about it that he repeatedly mentioned “raccoon” .

35、 Verbs used in these Paras. shows his keen desire for it: mumble, wail, cry, pound, leaped from the bed and paced the room, interrupted impatiently, he declared. Id give anything for a raccoon coat. Anything!,Main Idea?,Peteys claim to have a raccoon coat.,Detailed Reading of Part II,Language points

36、,1. shed: v. to cause to pour forth流出,渗出；spread or send sth out 散发出；to lose by natural process, let (sth) fall or come off 脱落 剥落；,practice,She had not shed a single tear during the funeral. The lamp shed soft light on the desk. The trees were starting to shed their leaves .,2. To be in the swim (of

37、sth.): informal knowing about and involved in what is happening in a particular situation; to be out of the swim;,practice,Being retired, I am quite out of the swim (of things). Tom wastes much time and energy to be in the swim.,Detailed Reading of Subsection 3(Para.20-27),1. How and why did Dobie m

38、ake the decision to get Petey?,Dobie made the decision to get Petey through the depiction of his mental activities: He can set his hands on a raccoon coat, and Petey had Polly he wanted. Dobie made the decision to get Petey not because he loved her emotionally, but she fits the right kind of wife in

39、 furthering a lawyers career for the following qualifications: Beautiful she was: not yet of pin-up proportions but had the makings. Gracious she was: an erectness of carriage, an ease of bearing, a poise that indicated the best of breeding, her exquisite manners at table. Intelligent she was not, b

40、ut I can smarten her up.,Main Idea?,My decision to take advantage of Petey to win Polly,Detailed Reading of Part II,Language points,gear: n. set of toothed wheels which fit into another set to transmit power from a vehicles engine to its road wheels cilun齿轮传动装置, 排挡； to change/switch/shift gears 调档，换

41、拍档,2. to get ones hands on sth: informal to succeed in getting something;,practice,Shes only marrying him to get her hands on his money.,Detailed Reading of Part II,Language points,3. covet: v. to have a very strong desire to have something (esp sth that belongs to sb else) 渴求，贪求，非分妄想；covetous a.,pr

42、actice,Nobel Prizes are coveted by artists and scientists. She is covetous of learning.,4. gracious: a. (of persons and behaviour) kind, polite and generous, elegant, noble 和善的, 有礼貌的, 大方的,高雅的;,practice,The Queen thanked them in a gracious manner. Linda was the most gracious, helpful, and generous pe

43、rson to work with.,Detailed Reading of Part II,Language points,5. to have the makings of sth.: to have the qualities or skills necessary to be sth. or to do a particular job具备的素质, 有条件做.,practice,He has the makings of a good lawyer. Jason has the makings of a world-class footballer.,5. carrage: n. so

44、me devices that can be used to carry things or people (including vehicles with wheels, passenger car, or any transporting or supporting devices); The manner of holding and moving ones head and body; 姿态,仪态, 举止,practice,She bought a new baby carriage at the supermarket. I was attracted by her graceful

45、 carriage.,Detailed Reading of Part II,Language points,7. bearing: n. A machine or structural part that supports another part or thing支撑物,支撑装置, 轴承；the way in which you move, stand, behave, conduct yourself仪态, 举止;,practice,The bearing broke and the machine stopped. Alice has the bearing of a model wh

46、en she walks.,8. poise: v. to put or keep something in a carefully balanced position, especially above something else使平衡; n. A state of balance, stability平衡,平衡; a calm, confident, graceful way of behaving, combined with an ability to control your feelings or reactions(优美、平稳、沉着）姿势, 动作；,practice,He po

47、ised the javelin in his hand before throwing it. She gracefully moved with the assured poise of a ballet dancer.,Detailed Reading of Part II,Language points,9. dipper: n. a large spoon with a long handle, used for taking liquid out of a container舀水或汤的用具,10. sauerkraut: a German food made from cabbag

48、e (=a round green vegetable) that has been left in salt so that it tastes sour德式泡菜,Detailed Reading of Subsection 4(Para.28-40),1. What do you think is Dobie doing to Petey?,Dobie is misleading Petey to his devised trick or tramp by taking the advantage of his idiocy: he is leading Petey to the beli

49、ef that the relationship between polly and Petey is nothing but friends to leave room for himself to get the girl.,Main Idea?,My first rounds of probe to weigh my decision.,Detailed Reading of Subsection 4(Para.41-59),1. What do you think is Dobie doing to Petey in this subsection?,Dobie is constant

50、ly taking the advantage of Peteys idiocy and desire to have a raccoon coat. He first showed raccoon coat to arouse Peteys interest and desire for it, then let him struugle there to make the difficult choice, and finally lead him to choose the raccoon coat to be in the swim for by showing him that th

51、e relationship between polly and Petey is nothing but friends, and hence reached the deal.,Main Idea?,The deal to exchange the caccoon coat for Peteys girlfriend.,Detailed Reading of Part II,Language points,1. game: n. Wild animals, birds, or fish hunted for food or sport. 为食用或娱乐而捕猎的野生动物; The flesh

52、of these animals, eaten as food野味; gamy a. having the strong taste of wild animals that are hunted for food;,2. mince: v. To cut or chop into very small切碎，剁碎; To walk or speak in an affected manner, trying to appear delicate or refined 装腔作势地走或说,委婉地、扭捏地;,practice,Dont mince words: say what you mean.

53、A woman minced up to them. Minced meat,Detailed Reading of Part II,Language points,3. stout: a. (of a person) rather fat; solidly built 肥硕的、富态的; strong in structure or substance; 牢固的、结实的； determined, brave and resolute 坚决的; 勇敢的;,practice,Shes growing rather stout. I bought a pair of stout boots. Rob

54、in Hood was a man with a stout heart.,4. swivel: n. link or joint between two parts enabling one part to revolve without turning the other 转环, 旋轴; (cause sth to) turn on or as if on a swivel 使在旋轴上转动;,practice,A swivel chair; She swivelled her head round to watch what was happening.,Detailed Reading

55、of Part II,Language points,5. wax: v. to rub a layer of wax on surface of sth; to show a progressively larger illuminated area, as the moon does in passing from new to full. 渐满, 月亮由新月到满月; To increase gradually in size, number, strength, or intensity. 变大，增加;,practice,The floor has just been waxed. Th

56、e moon waxes till it becomes full. The empire began to wax in the 5th century.,6. wane: v. to decrease gradually in size, amount, intensity, or degree; decline. 衰落, 减小,衰退; To exhibit a decreasing illuminated area from full moon to new moon. （月）亏，缺, 从满月到新月期;,practice,My interest in the problem waned.

57、 The moon will become full after it wanes.,Detailed Reading of Part III,Subsection 1(Para.60): The first date with Polly in the nature of a survey.,Subsection 2(Para.61-96): The teaching of Some logics on the night of their next date.,Para.60-124,Main Idea?,The tough job of making Polly smart by tea

58、ching her logics.,Subsection 5(Para.41-59): The teaching of other logics of their following dates.,Detailed Reading of Part III,1. Comment on the language used by Polly. What effect does her language create?,The writer deliberately makes Polly use a lot of exclamatory words like “Gee”, “Oo”, “wow-do

59、w” and clipped vulgar forms like “delish”, “marvy”, “terrif”, etc. to create the impression of a simple and rather stupid girl. This contrasts strongly with the boasting of the narrator and thus helps increase the force of satire, irony, and humor.,Detailed Reading of Part III,Language points,1. loom: v. to appear in an indistinct and often threatening way 隐现（常令人生畏）; if a problem or difficulty looms, it is likely to happen very soon;,practice,Suddenly a mountain loomed up in front of them. An economic crisis is looming ahead.,2. ha