初中三年级上学期英语期末配题：专项6.阅读D篇

1、 阅读D篇 ( 1 )You have learned about energy. Do you know that HEAT is a form of ENERGY? Yep, this form of energy acts on everything. And, were going to look at a few experiments to learn how this form of energy acts and why we need to know all about it.The heat energy of something is decided by how act

2、ive its atoms(原子)and molecules(分子)are. A hot object is one whose atoms and molecules are excited and show rapid movement. A cooler objects molecules and atoms will be less excited and show less movement. When these guys are in the excited state, they take up a lot of space because theyre moving arou

3、nd so fast. When the atoms and molecules settle down, or cool down, they take up less space.If a HOT high-energy atom comes into contact with a cool low-energy atom, the excited atom will loose some of its energy to the cool atom. The two atoms will reach an energy level thats between where they eac

4、h started out. That level is called Thermal Equilibrium. Experiment: If you have a cup of really hot chocolate and want to cool it down, you may put an ice cube in the cup. After the ice has completely melted (disappeared), the hot chocolate and the melted ice have come to Thermal Equilibrium.Now th

5、at you have an idea of what heat is, lets look at some of the effects of this form of energy. Heres another experiment. Blow up a balloon, but not all the way. Put the balloon in a refrigerator for about an hour, then take it out. Did it become smaller? Why? It became smaller because the air molecul

6、es inside the balloon slowed down and are taking up less space. Now put the balloon in direct sunlight. What happened after it warmed up? Why?From the above experiment, we learned a very important factheat causes things to “grow”. We call this Thermal Expansion. If things “grow” when heated, what do

7、 you think happens to them when they get cold?If you get a chance to check out some railroad tracks, notice the gaps or separations between the rails. (Dont get run over by a train!) Thermal expansion and contraction is why those gaps are placed there that way, and why expansion joints are placed in

8、 long highway bridges. Youve probably felt expansion joints on old concrete highways. Remember the “thumpthump” sound as you rode over them?57. How many experiments are mentioned in the passage? A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.58. What is Thermal Equilibrium?A. The fact that hot atoms loose some ene

9、rgy to cool atoms when they meet.B. The fact that there are always the gaps or separations between the rails.C. The fact that heat causes things to increase in size.D. The fact that heat is another form of energy. 59. Why is the first paragraph written?A. To explain what heat energy is.B. To sort en

10、ergy forms for readers.C. To give examples of heat energy. D. To tell readers what to read here. 60. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Why thermal expansion is on the tracks and highways.B. How to check railroad tracks and concrete highways.C. Why railroads and highways are built that way.

11、D. How to remember the “thumpthump” sound.( 2 )Fighting fires has always been a dangerous job. The job has grown even more risky in recent years. Thats because changes in building over the last 30 years have resulted in hotter fires that are more unpredictable. Todays buildings use many more synthet

12、ic materials than those built 30 years ago did. As a result, when they catch fire, they burn at a much higher temperature and give off much more energy than their older counterparts do. Furthermore, most modern buildings are extremely well insulated (绝缘的). That means that when they catch fire, they

13、hold most of the fires heat.Hotter fires result in especially dangerous situations for firefighters. The fires themselves are dangerous, of course, but even more problematic are the super-hot gases created by the fires. These cause “extreme fire behaviors,” a term firefighters use to describe quick-

14、moving, life-threatening events at the scene of a fire. They include flashovers (跳火) . Temperature increases so greatly that some materials in an area burn up at once. They also include backdrafts(反风流), during which oxygen rushes into an area, causing a fireball. The most dangerous effect of a backd

15、raft is that it can actually take in all the oxygen out of a room where firefighters are working. Finally, there are gas explosions(爆炸). They happen when extreme heat causes gases to spread quickly.American firefighters have worked hard to fight against the dangers of modern firefighting. Unfortunat

16、ely, death rates have remained nearly unchanged during the last 30 years. Thats a poor showing compared to Sweden and Great Britain. Both of those countries have cut death rates among firefighters in half over the same period.Why are the British and the Swedes more successful at protecting their fir

17、efighters? Some within the firefighting community believe its because both countries use a procedure called “3-D firefighting.”For now, most American fire companies will stick with traditional firefighting strategies and believe that 3-D technique(技术) cannot be effective. Supporters of the technique

18、 claim that it greatly reduces the likelihood of an extreme fire behavior. In 2002, the fire department of Gresham, Oregon became the first in the United States to accept 3-D firefighting techniques. The companys battalion chief, Ed Hartin, has become a supporter for the procedure, conducts training

19、s, and has written a book on the subject. Maybe the use of 3-D firefighting is held back by its cost in the United States.56. What does the underlined word “counterparts” refer to in the passage?A.changesB. buildingsC. jobs D. fires57. What can we learn from the passage about backdrafts?A.Backdrafts

20、 make all the materials burn up at once.B.Backdrafts can be stopped by giving off more oxygen.C.Backdrafts can make the firefighters die of oxygen shortage.D.Backdrafts are followed by gas explosions and flashovers.58. Why does the author say that the US makes a “poor showing”?A.Because there are mo

21、re and more fires happening these years.B.Because they didnt work hard enough to fight against the fires.C.Because the number of firefighters dying of firefighting gets larger.D.Because the death rate among US firefighters hasnt changed much.59. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The causes of

22、 fires and the ways to put out fires successfully. B. Some advice on keeping firefighters safe and using 3-D firefighting.C. The work of firefighters and the ways to protect firefighters in fires.D. The dangers of firefighting and the possibilities of a new technique. ( 3 )Parents and kids today dre

23、ss alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests they both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents whe

24、n he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom, Hey, the latest film is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”Film was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and childr

25、en often appeared to move in their own circles.Today, the generation gap（代沟） has not disappeared, but it is getting smaller in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are common. And parentchild activities, from shopping to

26、 sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.”But family experts warn that the new equality（平等）between parents and kids may also result in less respect for parents. “Theres still a

27、lot of strictness and power on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion（困惑）among parents.” Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these changin

28、g roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication that encourages everyone to have a say. “My parents were on the before side of that change, but todays parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “Its no

29、t something easily carried through by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”56. What does the underlined word “gulf” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Interest. B. Distance.C. Difference. D. Connec

30、tion.57. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is getting smaller?A. Parents share more interests with their children.B. Parents show less strictness to their young children.C. Parents help their children find interests in activities.D. Parents share more cultural changes with their c

31、hildren.58. The change in todays parentchild relationship is _.A. more confusion among parentsB. 1ess respect for parents from children C. new equality between parents and childrenD. more strictness and power on the part of parents59. The writer writes the passage to _.A. describe the difficulties t

32、odays parents have met withB. discuss the development of the parentchild relationshipC. suggest the ways to deal with the parentchild relationshipD. compare todays parentchild relationship with that in the past( 4 ) Do you speak English? Do you speak e-mail English? Maybe you dont. E-mail English is

33、 a new kind of English that many people use to save time. A lot of e-mail English words come from a computer program called QQ, which means I seek(寻找)you. Ian Lancashire, a Canadian teacher, likes QQ, “People can use QQ to talk with each other using computer. But, you have to be able to type quickly

34、 or the other person will be bored. So e-mail English can give some help.” A message in e-mail English mostly uses two kinds of new words. The first kind is made up of the first letters of the words. These are called acronyms. The second kind is homophones，letter combination(合并), symbols that sound

35、like other words.Acronyms in an e-mail save space and time. It takes a long time to write by the way. BTW is much faster. Other acronyms are F2F which stands for face to face, CSL for cant stop laughing and DBEYR for dont believe everything you read! Some of the acronyms look like strange words, suc

36、h as SWAK. But this one means sealed(封口) with a kiss. Homophones often use letters and numbers that sound like words or parts of words. For example, 8 sound likeeat in great, to save time, people write gr8. Another example is CU for see you or sometimes CU l8r (see you later) The number 2 is used fo

37、r to or too and the number 4 is used instead of for. Another part of e-mail is emotive symbols(表情符号) which make faces when you look at them sideways. The most common emotive, is the happy face :). A comma (逗号) is often used to help add other parts of the face and show different expressions. E-mail E

38、nglish is fun. An e-mail message with lots of e-mail English starts to look like secret code(密码). Your best friend will probably understand it, but your parents and teachers may not. In fact, many teachers dont like e-mail English. Its not just because they cant comprehend what it means. Its because

39、 students start to use e-mail English in their everyday writing. E-mail English is great for writing quickly. But most teachers say that e-mail English should only be used in e-mails to ones friends.56. What does the writer talk about in the first paragraph? A. How to read new e-mail words. B. How n

40、ew e-mail words are made. C. Why people use e-mail English. D. Canadian teachers and their e-mails.57. The underlined word “comprehend” in the last paragraph means “_”. A. acceptB. understand C. guessD. prefer58. What do teachers insist according to the passage? A. Parents will have to learn some e-

41、mail English. B. E-mail English will develop our everyday writing. C. E-mail English cant be used among schoolmates. D. E-mail English shouldnt be used in school writing.59. Whats the title for this passage? A. E-mail English on Computer.B. American E-mail English. C. The Forms of E-mail English.D.

42、The Changing of English.( 5 )Many people in the United States and throughout the world enjoy bird watching or “birding”. A report by the U.S. Wildlife Service showed that over 50 million Americans watched birds. There are many reasons why birding has become so popular, but one of the main reasons is

43、 how easy it is to start. Birding is an activity that almost anyone can do regardless of （不论） age, physical size and strength, or experience; Also, it can be done alone or as part of a group of other birding enthusiasts. A city park, a field, a forest, or even a friends backyard are all good places

44、to start. This makes the fun of bird watching open to everyone.binocularThe basics of bird watching are simple. Bird watching is “the observation of birds in their natural home.” All you need to start is the time and place to look for birds and a small notebook to record notes about the birds you se

45、e. Any pair of binoculars you can use will also help.Here are some tips to help you get the most out of joining “the birding boom （热潮）”:1. When you first find a bird, try to name it. Take notes about the birds size, appearance, and the sounds it makes; later, ensure your sighting with a field guide or other bird watching books.2. Record the date and time of each bird you see. That way youll have a record of all your sightings to compare with other birding lovers.3. T