英语复习 (2)

1、.高级英语写作练习题I Reading and summarySequencing:The following sentencese go together to form a paragraph ,but they are in the wrong order.Read the sentences carefully and put them in the right order.A1. Yet,despite all this ,no one seems to live there2. It is a large house set amid spacious grounds3. Stan

2、ding there one can see a glance that everything is kept in perfect order4. or so it seems5. on the outskirts of my village there is a house that is a bit of a mystery6. But no one I spoken to so far knows7. The lawn is kept cut and the paint work maintained8. perhaps the neighbours could shed light

3、on the matter9. Between their visits the house lies completely empty10. These are surrounded by a high wall and the only vantage point from which one can get a glimpse of what lies beyong is from the tall wrought iron gates11. Apart from the gardener and the housekeeper one sees no one.They come ear

4、ly in the morning two or three times a week,and go away in the late afternoonB1Unfortunately present position offters me little opportunity to further develop my understanding of English literature2.I wonder if you would be so kind as to let me know details of any scholarships for which I might be e

5、ligible to apply3.currently I am working as an English teacher at a middle school,having graduated from Chengdu University with a BA in English Literature in 19944.I feel keenly the need for further training in this field and am greatly attracted by the courses offered by your university and the rep

6、utation it enjoys5.In addition to my teaching duties I have been special responsibility for curriculum development and course managementC.1 Secure in its island home, the dodo had lost the power of flight since there were no enemies to fly from.2. The goats ate the undergrowth which provided the dod

7、o with cover; dogs and cats hunted and harried the old birds; while pigs grunted their way round the island, eating the eggs and young, and the rats followed behind to finish the feast.3. Man discovered the dodos paradise in about 1507, and with him came his enemies: dogs, cats, pigs, rats and goats

8、.4.The dodo, the ponderous waddling pigeon, inhabited the island of Mauritius.5. The dodo surveyed these new arrivals with an air of innocent interest.6. By 1681, the fat, ungainly and harmless pigeon was extinct.7.Then the slaughter began.II.Supply the missing paragraphThe following passage is inco

9、mplete with the concluding paragraph missing.Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words.Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you.use are in unity with the passage provided.Manners Are ImportantAs one looks about,it becomes very easy to conclude that good manners

10、 seem to be a thing of the past.More and more people seem to be discourteous to one another,more indicative of a “survival of the fittest” attitude than of living in a civilized society.Although much of what was considered good manners at the turn of the last century may no longer be appropriate,com

11、mon courtesy and acceptable behavior are still necessary to make life pleasant,especially as our cities become more and more crowded.Although common courtesy is the underlying framework,good manners are manifested in two distinct aresa,business and social relationships.The world of business has beco

12、me increasingly impersonal over the years.The fast developement of computers has removed the personal touch from many business dealings.It is not uncommon,when phoning a company,to get a recorded message telling us which number to press.When we finally do get a live person on the other end,he often

13、seems uncaring.Good business sense,though,would dictate the importance of getting back to the personal touch.The speaker should identify himself by name to the caller and make every effort to be courteous and helpful.Above all,he should take great pains to assure the call is not disconnected.In addi

14、tion,he should make certain that the caller is connected to his party and not kept waiting long while listening to canned music.Good manners will assure happy,loyal customers.Good manners are,perhaps,most frequently associated with socialrelationships.Unfortunately,here again they seem to be in decl

15、ine.Giving up ones seat on a crowded bus to an elderly person,a pregnant woman,or an obviously tired person seems to be a thing of the past.People also seem to have forgotten how to behave as an audience.It is not uncommon to see people putting their feet up on the seats in front of them or talking

16、loudly during a movie or play.Even restaurants are not immune from the lack of good manners.Young parents do not seem to care that their children are roaming throughout the restaurant or are crying and disturbing the other guests.These examples touch only the surface of the rapid decline of good man

17、ners.Write an outline(20 points) Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.A.The Changing WorkweekIn the early 1900s in the U.S.A., workers in large industries worked long days and long weeks. It was not uncommon for workers in the meat-packing companies of Chicago

18、, for example, to work twelve to fourteen hours, for six or seven days a week. As unions started exerting their influence, however, the working conditions of American workers began improving, and the workweek was gradually shortened. Today, workers have workweek opinions that were unheard of earlier

19、 in the last century.The five day workweek has become commonplace in American industries. However, he four-day workweek is becoming even more popular. Mary workers prefer four tea-hour days. This gives them longer working days, but it also gives them three-day weekends, an unheard-of luxury even twe

20、nty years ago. Management isnt complaining since the same amount of work gets accomplished, and in some cases a plant can be totally shut down on the fifth day, saving the company thousands of dollars in utilities.Another change in the workweek is the variable hours option. While American workers ha

21、ve traditionally worked either day or night shifts, some companies are allowing workers to set their own hours within the workweek. Flexible schedules are becoming more common in metropolitan areas with commuter-time traffic problems and in industries that are open around the clock. The advantage to

22、 the workers is that they can plan their hours around the days of their families. For example, a husband who takes each afternoon off could babysit the children while his wife works. The variable hours schedule also motivates workers because the company is letting them control their own time.1. A th

23、ird change in the workweek over the past twenty years is the use of overtime. While most workers do not have to work beyond a forty-hour week, many companies will pay them time and a half to do so. Although this is more expensive for the company, it is still cheaper than having to hire additional wo

24、rkers and providing benefits. On traditional nonworking days such as holidays, workers are often paid double-time or more to work. Overtime pay allows companies to meet their production needs without exploiting the workers. It allows workers to make extra money at a higher rate than they normally wo

25、rk for. Although overtime work often represents a return to longer working days and weeks, it is done on a voluntary basis and is usually negotiated willingly by the workers.2. What does the future hold for American workers? As modern technology turns more and more wok to machines, the typical workw

26、eek may continue to shrink. Some companies have already gone to the thirty-five-hour week, and in the 21st century, the thirty-five-hour week may be standard. Within twenty years, the great advantage to shorter workweeks is that workers have more time off to themselves. However, given the financial

27、demands upon American families in the future, it may also become common for workers to hold down two full-time jobs at one time. Given the American work ethic, most workers will probably fill their free time with more work instead of more leisure.3. B.The Effects of Television on Childrens Social Re

28、lationsTV presents the child with a distorted definition of reality.The child in the affluent suburb or the small mid-western town exists within his own limited reality.His experience with social problems or people of different races,religions,or nationalities is probably somewhat limited.As televis

29、ion exposes him to a diversity of people and ideas,it surely expands the boundaries of his reality.It is precisely because he now relies heavily on TV to define other realities for him that we must examine carefully what those images are.If they are inaccurate or distorted,then televisions reality i

30、s potentially harmful.TV distorts reality by selecting certain kinds of images and omitting others and by portraying people in a stereotyped way.It portrays some categories of people with beauty,power and importance and renders others weak,helpless or invisible.So serious is the relative invisibilit

31、y of some groups on TV that Dr.George Gerbner of the Annenberg School of Communications contends,“If youre not on TV,you dont exist.”The TV camera selects certain images to be examples,sometimes functioning like a magnifying glass held up to the worst in civilization instead of the best.When TV prod

32、ucers focus on violent ugliness,they lift it out and hold it up for all to see,making it impressively larger than life.A fist fight that occurs outside my window and is witnessed by only five people may be videotaped,broadcast and “witnessed” vicariously by millions of people ,thus multiplying the e

33、xample set by the fist fighters.In the United States,most people have not witnessed murder,yet because of television most children have seen hundreds of thousands of violent deaths and therefore believe that the world is more violent than it actually is.TV says,in effect:This is the way the world wo

34、rks.There are the rules.The images presented on TV tend to be exaggerated or glorified,and so believed and accepted as models to be copied.After TV heavily promoted Evel Knievels attempt to “fly” his motorcycle over the Snake River,many children imitated his stunts with their bicycles on homemade ra

35、mps.And many landed in hospitals.TV affects human relationships as well as behavior by influencing our feelings about ourselves and our expectations for ourselves and others.Too frequently stereotypes provide us with instant difinitions.The stereotype assigns to an individual characteristics associa

36、ted with a group that may or may not be accurate.We tend to note a single feature of a person and fill in the details from a storehouse of stereotypes.Via TVs stereotypes we see men as strong and active,women pretty and at home.All to frequently,minorities are cast in exaggerated portrayals and ster

37、eotyped roles,more as white male producers perceive them than the way minority persons perceive themselves.Exposure to stereotyped presentations can easily influence viewers behavior toward unfamiliar people.TV images,in fact,teach values and behaviors,especially to children who have little firsthan

38、d knowledge of the real world.To the extent that children are exposed to certain characters portrayals and behaviors on TV,they may acquire or learn those behaviors and roles and eventually accept them as models for their own attitudes and actions.Perhaps most serious are the effects of information

39、distortions on the childs self-image.At some level we begin to judge our own meaning,dignity and worth in comparison with the TV characters who portray people like us.We should be fully aware that there inaccurate or distorted portrayal may be harmful to childrens growth.CChou EnlaiChou En-lai arriv

40、ed at the guest house for state visitors at 4:30. His gaunt, experience face was dominated by piercing eyes, conveying a mixture of intensity and repose, of wariness and calm self-confidence. He wore an immaculately tailored gray Mao tunic, at once simple and elegant. He moved gracefully and with di

41、gnity, filling a room not by his physical dominance (as did Mao or de Gaulle) but by his air of controlled tension, steely discipline, and self-control, as if he were a coiled spring. He conveyed an easy casualness, which, however, did not deceive the careful observer. The quick smile, the comprehen

42、ding expression that made clear he understood English even without translation, the palpable alertness, were clearly the features of a man who had had burned into him by a searing half-century the vital importance of self-possession. I greeted him at the door of the guest house and ostentatiously st

43、uck out my hand. Chou gave me a quick smile and took it. It was the first step in putting the legacy of the past behind us.Unlike Mao, Chou had lived abroad; born of a middle-class family in 1898, he had been a brilliant student and had studied and worked in France and Germany in the 1920s. When I m

44、et him, he had been a leader of the Chinese Communist movement for nearly fifty years. He had been on the Long March. He had been the only Premier the Peoples Republic had hadnearly twenty-two yearsand for nine of those years he had also been Foreign Minister. Chou had negotiated with General Marsha

45、ll in the 1940s. He was a figure out of history. He was equally at home in philosophy, reminiscence, historical analysis, tactical probes, and humorous repartee. His command of facts, in particular his knowledge of American events and, for that matter, of my own background, was stunning. There was l

46、ittle wasted motion either in his words or in his movements. Both reflected the inner tensions of a man concerned, as he stressed, with the endless daily problems of a people of 800 million and the effort to preserve ideological faith for the nest generation.Chou could also display an extraordinary

47、personal graciousness. When junior members of our party took ill, he would visit them. Despite the gap in our protocol rank he insisted that our meetings alternate between my residence and the great Hall of the People so that he would call on me as often as I called on him. After we had settled that

48、 we continue to use the Pakistani channel occasionally because “we have a saying in China that one shouldnt break the bridge after crossing it.”Chou En-lai, in short, was one of the two or three most impressive men I have ever met. Urbane, infinitely patient, extraordinarily intelligent, subtle, he

49、moved through our discussion with an easy grace that penetrated to the essence of our new relationship as if there were no sensible alternative.Composition(60 points)1.Teachers pay little attention to those school failures,assuming that academic failure means failure in everything.What do you think

50、of this attitude?Write a short argumentative essay(about 300 words) explaining your view2.writing a letter of applicationYou are Mary Lee,a Chinese student presently enrolled in the MA program at the City University of New York.With the end of the semester approaching,you want to find a job during t

51、he summer vacation.Write a letter applying for a position asa secretary ar an assistant tn the coming summer.Base your letter on the following notes.4. purpose of job application:money and experiences5. had some relevant working experience before coming to USA6. able to type 40 wpm ,to take shorthan

52、d ,to do editing and proofreading7. have a working permit from the immigrationg office8. hope to attend an interviewNote:1.write a correctly laid out letter,which might include the letter head,complemetary close,signature,and senders printed name as well as jib title.Five points will be deducted for

53、 failing to follow the letter formal properly 2.you should write 120 words3 Modern technology and industry have GREatly improved our lives, yet they have also brought about environmental problems such as air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution.Write an expository essay (about 300 words) o

54、n what we must do ,as an individual, a family, or a whole nation, to protect our environment. VI. Write an essay according to one of the following topics (260-300 words) (40).1. The Benefits of Collecting；2. On ReadingV. Read the following paragraphs and cross out the irrelevant sentences. (5)It is

55、obvious that television has both advantages and disadvantages. In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of pleasure, but also a quite cheap one. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with so many interesting prog

56、rammes available, than to go out for something else. There is no transport to arrange. They do not have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, or the like, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing. All they have to do is to turn a knob, and they can see plays and shows of every

57、kind, not to mention the latest current events. In addition, watching television is a popular leisure activity: a chance of experience to provide “escape” from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in ones environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by comparing other peoples life experiences as portrayed in the programmes. Some people, however, maintain that this is just where the danger lies. Those who watch television need do nothing. They are completely passive and have everything presented to them without any effort on their part.