2011年中考英语试题质量评估报告

1、厦门市2011年初中毕业和高中阶段各类学校招生考试英语试题质量评估报告一、评价的主要依据与原则1. 评价的依据以教育部制订的全日制义务教育英语课程标准（试验稿）为基础，同时参照现行教材新目标英语（go for it）的各项功能话题及词汇等语言知识体系，并充分考虑我市初中毕业班的英语教学实际，2. 评价的原则根据“以话题、意义为中心，以功能语用为主线”的基本原则；从科学性、指导性的角度，全面评估试题在听、说、读、写等多个层次对学生英语语言知识掌握程度及其综合语用能力的考查情况。二、考试形式及试题结构 考试形式为闭卷笔试，总分150分。试卷结构详见下表：试题结构(表1)板 块题 型题量分值板块总分

2、一、听I. 听音识图5530II. 简短对话听音理解1010III. 较长对话或短文理解55IV. 任务型听力填空题1010二、基础知识V. 选择填空202030VI. 完形填空1010三、读VII. 阅读理解255050四、说（情景交际运用）VIII. 根据对话情景，填入恰当的单词6620IX. 根据情景提示，填入恰当的短语或句子。48X. 根据短文情景，填入恰当的短语或句子。36五、写XI. 段落编写1820XII. 短文写作112今年试卷的结构与去年基本相同，只有书面表达部分原来的“看图写句”改为“段落编写”。 三、试卷的总体评价1. 2011年考试成绩总体分析(表2)项 目数据项目数据

3、统计人数22598优秀率(0.85)26.13%满分值150及格率(0.6)62.55%平均分98.1699标准差34.3993难度值0.6545信度0.9629最高分149.5（1人）最低分0（11人） * 2010年考试成绩总体情况对照表(表2-1)项 目数据项目数据统计人数23245优秀率(0.85)26.14%满分值150及格率(0.6)60.84%平均分97.2标准差35.2484难度值0.648信度0.969今年的考生总人数为22598人，比去年减少了600多人。同去年的成绩相比，平均分提高了1分左右，优秀率与去年持平，及格率提高了近2个百分点，标准差有略微的缩小。今年除了及格率外

4、，其它几个重要测试指标都达到了考试说明所预定的目标，但及格率在去年的基础上依然有所提高。2010年和2011年成绩频数分布对比（表3）今年的频数分布曲线与去年基本一致，由于总人数比去年减少了600多人，所以，几乎每个分数段的人数都比去年少了一些，但是60分以下的人数却和去年几乎一样多，特别有意思的是：0-10和11-20分数段的人数与去年完全一样，分别是22人和25人。这个现象告诉我们，虽然总体及格率有所提高，但超低分的人数却比去年多。2010年各区的频数分布对比参考图（表3-1） 根据上表可以看出，市属和思明区高分数段的人数明显较多，湖里区和集美区的频数分布基本相似，海沧区与去年一样呈现双峰

5、的分布态势，同安区各分数段的人数基本平均分布，显示低分数段的学生数量较多，翔安区低分数段的人数得到了很好的控制。 2. 全市各区的成绩统计对比（表4）学校名称学生数平均分难度值标准差优秀率及格率全市2259898.16990.654534.39930.26130.6255市属4082106.2930.708633.4250.36750.7144思明5016109.2780.728531.4610.3870.7544湖里257099.39180.662633.7830.2650.6358集美230796.68650.644631.1490.18470.6277海沧154594.24210.628

6、335.25090.22330.5761同安301688.67040.591133.02450.15620.4977翔安238795.45110.636329.66190.14830.6096民办146564.41770.429533.23260.07240.2389从上面各区的成绩统计表可以看出： 除民办外，只有同安区的平均分没有超过90分，而且及格率也是最低的；海沧区的标准差最大，翔安区的标准差最小，但是优秀率却最低。2009至2011年各区平均分与市均线差值的统计对比（表4-1）均分比较市均线市属思明湖里集美海沧同安翔安民办2009年与市均线的差值94.427+7.16+11.77+8.

7、52-0.70-3.76-8.29-5.58-24.572010年与市均线的差值97.2+8.79+10.45+7.78-4.28-4.39-9.89-5.56-26.782011年与市均线的差值98.17+8.12+11.11+1.22-1.483-3.928-9.5-2.719-33.752根据上表我们可以看出，今年湖里区平均分与市均线的差值与前两年相比降低了许多，而集美区和翔安区情况有所好转；民办校的差距则进一步加大，而且是大幅度地退步，情况堪忧。四、试题的详细分析1. 听音理解（1）总体得分情况(表5）听力模块听音选图短对话理解语篇理解听音填词满分值30510510难度值0.7570.

8、93840.85890.730.5778 （2）各小题详细数据（表5-1）题号满分平均分难度值区分度标准差满分率零分率选A比例选B比例选C比例0110.9840.9840.0510.12540.9840.0160.9840.01020.0050210.97150.97150.09510.16630.97150.02850.00810.01950.97150310.92860.92860.21460.25750.92860.07140.03350.92860.03660410.93750.93750.21280.2420.93750.06250.93750.02680.03460510.8703

9、0.87030.40160.33590.87030.12970.04820.87030.07960610.89230.89230.34010.310.89230.10770.07830.02850.89230710.8450.8450.42350.36190.8450.1550.8450.12260.03140810.91860.91860.24490.27350.91860.08140.03730.04270.91860910.84420.84420.50790.36260.84420.15580.84420.04440.10971010.93230.93230.22650.25120.93

10、230.06770.03150.93230.03371110.9010.9010.33190.29870.9010.0990.9010.0440.05361210.90190.90190.27030.29750.90190.09810.03850.90190.05821310.64920.64920.58810.47720.64920.35080.09160.25760.64921410.78590.78590.56120.41020.78590.21410.07610.78590.1371510.91830.91830.27410.27390.91830.08170.04060.040.91

11、831610.49230.49230.59760.49990.49230.50770.37410.13170.49231710.89540.89540.31470.30610.89540.10460.89540.05490.04811810.8960.8960.3190.30530.8960.1040.03720.8960.06341910.73810.73810.66860.43970.73810.26190.15120.73810.10872010.62810.62810.63370.48330.62810.37190.62810.08350.28677610.65030.65030.81

12、760.4750.64670.34627710.68820.68820.83860.46080.68370.30747810.510.510.80640.49830.50680.48677910.6140.6140.82890.48520.61080.38288010.52670.52670.91440.49730.52270.46928110.65140.65140.90790.47440.64720.34458210.54890.54890.96130.49570.54510.44738310.43950.43950.89270.49380.43460.55568410.79760.797

13、60.64470.40030.79510.19998510.35180.35180.83650.47480.34660.6431（3）典型试题分析今年听力部分试题总体难度有所降低，学生的均分比往年提高了不少。第13、16、83、85小题是为数不多的学生作答情况较差的试题。例113.A. Too expensive.B. Kind of cool.C. Out of style.录音稿： M: The skirt looks nice, and its cheap. Why dont you take it?W: Yeah, its not so expensive. But its out o

14、f style. It doesnt look cool.Q: Why doesnt the woman want to buy the skirt?本题的正确答案是C，对学生造成干扰的主要选项是B，而A选项对学生的影响不大。根据听力内容及选项的综合分析，我们推断，造成学生失分主要有以下几种可能的原因：（1）A选项的expensive被not所否定，比B选项的look cool被doesnt所否定在听音理解上的难度低；（2）A选项有二次提示，即反义词cheap；（3）A选项的expensive出现在听力内容的中间，B选项的look cool出现于听音内容的末尾；（4）从词汇的角度看，expen

15、sive和cheap比起cool，学生的熟悉度更高。根据失分原因的分析，我们可以得到的借鉴是：在听音教学中，应该注意让学生通过大量的语音感知自然地熟悉各种否定的表达；不应该片面地过分强调关键词的听力技巧，整体的自然听音感知和快速大意判断始终是听音理解教学的首要任务。例2Text A16. Peter hurt his _ when he was playing basketball.A. handB. footC. leg17. Peter is _ now.A. in hospitalB. at homeC. in school录音稿：M: Mrs Jones? This is Mr Whi

16、te.W: Oh, hello, Mr White. Whats it?M: Its about Peter. Theres nothing to worry about, but Peter had a little accident.W: An accident? Is he hurt? Wheres he?M: One of his legs was hurt when he was playing basketball with his classmates. Its painful, of course, but nothing serious.W: Has the doctor s

17、een him?M: Yes. He is in King Hospital now.W: Ill drive there at once. Thank you. See you.从命题的角度来说，第17小题预设的难度比第16小题高，但意外的是学生第16小题的得分却低很多。从单词的难易度和熟悉度来说，leg都不会比hospital差，所以我们推测学生失分情况更严重的主要原因可能是：（1）出现在听音内容中间位置的词汇在听音理解记忆上难度较大；（2）在听音内容中leg复数的形式出现，而hospital是原形。如果是第一种情形，那么教师应该注意培养学生在听音理解中的速记习惯；而如果是后者，则提醒我们

18、每次进行新语言知识教学的时候，应该坚持以真实的语意为中心，通过自然的听、读输入通道来建立语言知识在学生大脑中的初始记忆，避免在起始阶段用语法结构理论框架来初始化学生的语言识记。例3Text B: 听音，记录关于项目研究的步骤方法。To make good projects81._Discuss everything for the projectWriteTake 82._ while discussingPlanMake a 83._ of everything84._Get, do and research somethingShowShow the 85._ of your work i

19、n class录音稿Are you interested in projects? Do you want to have a good one? Well, that doesnt come easily. You need to do the following tasks.1. Talk: You and your classmates discuss everything that you would like to do for your project.2. Write: One of your classmates takes notes while your group mem

20、bers are talking. And later he or she will review all the ideas and make them better.3. Plan: Your group makes a list of everything youll need and who will get, do or research what.4. Do: Each group member gets, does and researches something, and then your group puts together all you have found and

21、tries to make the project well-organized.5. Show: You and your classmates show the result of your hard work in class.本题是听力测试中的非选择题型，根据评卷教师反映，题目的难度不大，学生作答情况比往年类似的题型要好。第83和85小题错误的主要原因是单词拼写的问题，例如：list拼成lits；result的s拼成z，t拼成f。另外，书写不规范也是主观题型的一大问题，例如：result的r变成v，还有第80题dog的g变成y等等。要解决单词拼写的问题，需要老师们在对词汇进行科学分类的

22、基础上，学会科学地分层，由于词汇的数量很大，虽然分类可以提高记忆的效率，但分类后的数量如果依然过大，就应该考虑相对于不同课时，将词汇分为“核心、一般、拓展”或者“必修、选修、拓展”，在此基础上，强化核心词汇的拼写要求。2. 基础知识与运用（1）总体得分情况（表6）基础知识与语用选择填空完形填空满分值302010难度值0.69980.74920.6009 （2）各小题详细数据（表6-1）题号满分平均分难度值区分度标准差满分率零分率选A比例选B比例选C比例2110.77140.77140.62710.41990.77140.22860.12210.10480.77142210.78790.7879

23、0.5620.40880.78790.21210.78790.1390.07112310.7460.7460.57920.43530.7460.2540.07510.1760.7462410.73050.73050.57090.44370.73050.26950.73050.17430.09352510.73840.73840.57840.43950.73840.26160.12940.73840.132610.77590.77590.6610.4170.77590.22410.77590.13390.08832710.77150.77150.59070.41980.77150.22850.1

24、6110.77150.06642810.87210.87210.42910.3340.87210.12790.05040.07640.87212910.47010.47010.49940.49910.47010.52990.09330.4350.47013010.66450.66450.63370.47220.66450.33550.20770.66450.12463110.71450.71450.64170.45170.71450.28550.71450.16760.11433210.69210.69210.4770.46160.69210.30790.08710.69210.2187331

25、0.79030.79030.59510.40710.79030.20970.10270.10460.79033410.82790.82790.56190.37740.82790.17210.82790.10710.0633510.89490.89490.33440.30670.89490.10510.03610.89490.06753610.68310.68310.60560.46530.68310.31690.21810.09540.68313710.79640.79640.37960.40270.79640.20360.79640.13280.06893810.8530.8530.4755

26、0.35410.8530.1470.06490.8530.08033910.74650.74650.57610.4350.74650.25350.74650.13310.11814010.65720.65720.60840.47470.65720.34280.28030.65720.06074110.67520.67520.61710.46830.67520.32480.24590.07720.67524210.72830.72830.67810.44480.72830.27170.72830.1810.0894310.81660.81660.49910.3870.81660.18340.08

27、60.81660.09574410.39860.39860.39850.48960.39860.60140.40120.19660.39864510.71010.71010.51120.45370.71010.28990.71010.17620.11184610.73850.73850.67760.43940.73850.26150.73850.17350.08634710.47930.47930.30860.49960.47930.52070.10860.41020.47934810.61470.61470.4250.48670.61470.38530.22290.61470.1604491

28、0.55840.55840.55290.49660.55840.44160.16990.55840.26885010.28910.28910.11420.45330.28910.71090.26080.44710.2891近几年学生在“基础知识与运用”一直有良好而稳定的表现，说明老师在语言基础知识的教学还是抓的比较扎实到位的。今年的“选择填空”和“完形填空”两个题型的梯度合理，既考查了学生的基本词汇和语法等知识，同时考查了他们灵活运用这些知识在语境中解决实际问题的能力。（3）典型试题分析例129. Its such a long way! What shall I do? You _ take

29、 my car if you want.A. mustB. shouldC. may选择填空一共20个小题，除了第29小题外，其它题目的难度值都在0.65以上，其中一半左右小题的难度值在0.75以上。仔细分析该题的题干和选项，发现预设的难度并不是特别高，结果较低的难度值表明有一半的学生在语境中使用恰当的情态动词来表达合适的语气态度方面有一定的困难，其中B选项的干扰性最大，因此我们推测，学生可能学会了用should来提建议，但却未能注意到在提建议这个功能语用项目中，存在着语气的强弱等问题。例2The same thing happens in daily life. If you are loo

30、ked at by others for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. If 44 goes wrong, you will feel angry to others stare at you that way. Eyes do speak, right?Look at someone too long may seem to be rude and impolite. 45 things are different w

31、hen it comes to stare at the opposite sex. If a man looks at a 46 for half a minute, it means that he wishes to attract her attention and make her know that he 47 her. In fact, some lovers may like looking at each other for a long time to show the 48 that words cannot express.However, the usual eye

32、for two people in the 49 is that the speaker will only look at the listener once in a while, in order to 50 that the listener does pay attention to what he is speaking, to tell him that he is caring about the listener.44. A. somethingB. anythingC. nothing50. A. suggestB. showC. check 学生在“完形填空”题中作答情况

33、较差的一共有3个小题，第44、47、50小题。第44小题主要的问题是忽视句子表达中肯定与否定的问题；而第50小题则是没有正确地关联执行动作的主语与相应的谓语动词。上述两个例子提醒我们英语老师在辅导学生认真阅读语料，正确理解语义的时候，有意识地训练和提高一些细节方面的技巧。3. 阅读理解 （1）总体得分情况（表7） 阅读理解A篇B篇C篇D篇E篇满分值501010101010难度值0.66630.7380.56140.7170.61890.6962（2）各小题详细数据（表7-1）题号分值难度考查内容题号分值难度考查内容A篇100.738幽默故事6320.8565120.89186420.73755

34、220.84796520.53865320.5517D篇100.6189社会时事5420.63566620.74575520.76286720.5905B篇100.5614语言/运动6820.62755620.50336920.41945720.73837020.71145820.6075E篇100.6962科普知识5920.54987120.8386020.4087220.8405C篇100.717节日文化7320.77876120.90547420.52046220.54757520.5032 本来根据命题意图，“阅读理解”的五篇文章是按照由易到难的梯度排列的，但从数据结果来看，学生在各篇

35、文章的表现水平并不如意想的有序，而且，在某一篇文章里各个小题的得分情况也不是很均匀，命题没有达到预设的目标。 通过对得分情况最差的B篇各小题的数据分析后发现，主要的问题是学生对该语篇设计的背景知识比较陌生，具体的题目从设题的角度来说并不太难，但因为缺乏足够的背景知识，学生在进行理解判断的时候难度较大。这个问题提醒我们英语老师，积累丰富的背景知识在语言学习中，特别在阅读理解中是最首要的教学任务。（3）典型试题分析BOne of the most exciting times in football comes when a team has failed, after three attempt

36、s, to move the ball forward ten yards. Then the team must take an important decision.One choice is to try a fourth and final time. If the team succeeds, it keeps the ball, and continues to move forward. But if it fails, the other team gets the ball at that place on the field.The second choice is to

37、kick the ball. The team gives up the ball if it makes this choice. But a good kick can put the other team at the far end of the field, making it more difficult for that team to score.People watching a football game are certain to shout their advice. Some will shout, “Kick the ball!” But others will

38、urge the team to take a chance, to live dangerously. “Go for it!” they will shout.59. After four attempts, if a team fails to move the ball forward ten yards, theyll _ the ball.A. keepB. loseC. kick 60. When people shout, “Go for it”, they hope the team chooses to _.A. kick the ballB. try a fourth t

39、imeC. give up the ball 根据语篇中划线部分标示出来的句子内容可以看出，正常理解和作答的难度一般，缺乏足够的背景知识很容易导致学生情绪变得烦躁而缺乏耐心，甚至因为丧失自信心而最终导致读题和解题的失误。4. 情景交际运用（1）总体得分情况（表8） 情景交际运用语篇填词情景提示写句语篇填句满分值20686难度值0.56310.5030.70330.4964（2）各小题详细数据（表8-1）题号满分平均分难度值区分度标准差满分人数满分率零分人数零分率8610.48420.48420.82910.491103080.4561112920.49978710.46530.46530.76

40、20.413870580.312383770.37078810.37650.37650.84240.422958790.2602114430.50648910.65190.65190.75160.4647142130.628973350.32469010.67480.67480.90130.4651151030.668371790.31779110.36520.36520.77710.439664520.2855124660.55169221.31410.6570.73810.756192160.407841560.18399321.37430.68710.72550.8062121690.5

41、38547850.21179421.46860.73430.72210.7681130250.576439230.17369521.46950.73470.77920.8166144540.639646940.20779621.02550.51270.88280.9696102440.4533104760.46369721.16510.58250.84760.82280310.355463820.28249820.78780.39390.82660.831840710.1801110590.4894今年该题型的预设难度有所降低，结果数据也显示学生的表现明显好于去年。特别是“根据语篇情景，用恰当

42、的短语和或句子填空，使之意思完整”（即“语篇填句”）这个大题学生的平均得分有很大的提高。（3）典型试题分析例：VIII. 根据对话情景，填入恰当的单词（即“语篇填词”）A: Maria, I dont think youve been here before, have you?B: No, Ive traveled to many 86._ in China. But this is the first time to come to Beijing.A: I hope that youll like it.B: Im sure I 87._. Ive heard a lot about t

43、he Great Wall and Ive been dreaming of 88._ it for years. Now Im glad that my dream will come true finally.A: Id love to take you to go sightseeing.B: Thats 89._. Thank you. By the way, hows the 90._ this time of year?A: Its usually warm and sunny. It is the 91._ season of the year in Beijing.B: So

44、I come here at the right time.A: Sure, you do.第88和91两个小题从语境和语义理解来说并没有比其它小题难，但是学生的得分情况差了很多，主要的原因是需要考虑所填词汇的恰当形式。这个现象可能会成为一些老师片面强化语法教学和操练的依据，因此这里我们提醒大家注意，题目中所涉及的“介词+doing”和“形容词最高级”这两个语法项目难度并不大，导致问题的真正原因应该是：学生的基础语言知识在大脑中不是直接与真实语义和语用功能相关联，却过度地与语言逻辑结构相关联，这就导致了依赖于意义先行的真实语用得同时伴随着二度的语法结构思维，最终很容易相互干扰而顾此失彼。“语篇

45、填句”的阅卷教师也反映了下述情况：学生对be动词的用法稍显薄弱，比如“be late for school”的be 动词丢掉的现象很严重，还有时态错误也是最明显的，过去式和过去完成时的用法错误很多等等。这些都是同类的问题，需要我们更多科学的思考和总结。另外，“情景提示写句”的阅卷组反馈了下述问题，并提出了一些想法和建议，仅供大家研讨：* 学生主要出错的地方：92. When were you born? (were- was born-bron When was he born?) 93. How much is the book? ( How money/ How many money 或遗漏 is )94. I can play the guitar. (guitar不会拼写或拼写错误。can 不会用)95. I want to be an actor. (an写