题型浅析2007年广东高考英语新题型英语新new

1、 浅析2007年广东高考英语新题型英语新题型广东肇庆中学 邓建平随着高考英语试题的改革，2007年高考广东英语试卷中出现了新题型“语法填空”和“信息匹配”，取代以往的“单项选择”和“短文改错”题。另外,改变最大的题型之一还有“书面表达”,该题包括“基础写作（Basic Writing）”和“读写任务（Reading and Writing）”两部分；全题分值高达40分，在整份卷中显然举足轻重。在此，笔者试分析这些新题型的命题特点，并谈谈其应对策略。一.语法填空命题特点1.考查篇章理解。以往的“单项选择”题是通过一个较为简短的题干，提供一个可依据的小语境。而新题型“语法填空”是以一篇短文为载体,

2、 提供的是一个较大的语境，这无疑给了考生一个更大和更为完整的思维空间，由此，考查理解的要求也随之提高，即从题干理解到篇章理解。2.考查语法判断。在围绕文章主题进行细节理解的时候, 对各小题必须进行语法判断, 因为所填词语(单词或词组) 既要意思和逻辑正确 (符合语景), 又必须语法正确 (符合词法和句法规律)。3.填词分两种类型。1) 填实义词- 用括号里所给词的正确形式填空。2) 填功能词- 空后没给词,而填空缺词,使逻辑正确, 结构完整, 语气恰当,行文连贯。 应对策略1.把握篇章理解.。一分钟浏览全文，明确大意及整个语境，明确人称和主体时态，此乃语法填空的前提。2.处理好两类词的填空。填

3、实义词时，先要根据该词在句中的语法成份，确定好词性（名词，动词，形容词或副词），再考虑其词形，如名词单复数，动词的时态和语态，形容词或副词的原级，比较级和最高级形式。填功能词时，要根据上下文之间的联系，空前后的支配关系, 词语搭配以及句子结构的要求，填上所需的各种功能词。这些功能词包括: 人称代词, 先行词, 限定词 (冠词,物主代词，指示代词等), 情态动词,介词, 时间及地点副词, 连词(并列连词和从属连词) 等。例析 (2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试广东省英语科考试说明题型示例)阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号为

4、31-40的相应位置。Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese 36 (kill) right below their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet 37 of the 32 helped her. Not one 38 called the police.John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to look 39 the reason why people didnt act. They found that a person has to

5、go through two steps 40 he can help. First he has to notice that it is 41 emergency（紧急情况）. Is the smoke coming into the room 42 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 43 i

6、mportant, the person faced with an emergency must feel 44 (person) responsible. He must feel that he must help, 45 the person wont get the help he needs. 浏览全文后可知,本文就Kitty Genovese在众邻居居高目睹的情况下，死在楼下一事,谈到紧急救助的事项。第36题填killed 。所填词在句中作宾补，又根据下文可知, 动词kill 与宾语Kitty Genovese 是被动关系，故此处填kill的过去分词。第37题填their 。th

7、eir指代上文的Thirty-two peoples 。第38题填none 。依空前的副词yet ，以及后句 “No one even called the police.”判断,此处应填不定代词none。第39题填reason 。空后的why引导的定语从句修饰先行词the reason.。第40题填before。本句的意思是“于是他们明白了,施救前必须有两个前提”，这也就明示了前文所讲的邻居中无人救助Kitty Genovese这一事实的原因。before在此是从属连词，引导时间状语从句。第41题填an 。“一个紧急情况”。第42题填or 。使用并列连词or 在此构成选择疑问句，a lake

8、和the smoke 为并列关系,即对前面的“an emergency”予以举例说明。 。第43题填more 。这里是递进的语气，more构成空后词important 的比较级，以表达更重要的一个前提。第44题填responsible 。所填词在句中作系动词feel的表语，故此处填形容词。第45题填otherwise 。在此表达一种相反的语气,相当于“if he does nor feel that he must help，”。二.信息匹配命题特点1.两组材料, 内容相关。供考生读的第一组材料是一篇主题鲜明的应用文, 第二组材料是五个与应用文相关的个人信息。2. 匹配不难, 有点费时。虽然应

9、用文中的各栏目与相关的个人信息对照较为分明,但因材料本身内容多, 可能导致考生将材料一一读完后,再进行匹配, 会耗时太多。应用文及相关的个人信息种类如下表所示：编号 种 类1 招聘广告与求职者 2 书报与读者 3 课程与学生 4 旅游线路与游客 5 旅馆（餐厅）与客人 6 产品与顾客 7 交通工具与乘客 8 活动与参加者 9 服务与需要者 10 建议与个人问题 11 书信与收信人 12 网址（网页）与网民 13 应对策略1.把握材料主题，明确匹配方向。先分别看清两组材料前面的中文说明与要求, 第一时间明确所读材料的主题和两部分的匹配关系。2.浏览应用文栏目要点，细读个人信息。注意看一看各栏目中

10、体现其信息类别的关键词（如开头的黑字体标题）和信息要点（如广告中的时间，地点，联系电话等），之后迅速细读个人资料，同时分别对照已经锁定的信息栏目，匹配便很快到位。3.细心比较排查, 确保匹配无误。 应用文中的信息栏目和个人信息有时似乎有交叉现象，如，一个信息栏目好象符合两人的个人信息，或某一个人信息与两个信息栏目相符，但匹配时绝不可能出现交叉，这就需要考生心细，善于比较和排查，找准应用文信息栏目和个人信息的准确切入点。例析 (2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试广东省英语科考试说明题型示例)下面是一篇应用文及其应用场合的信息，请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应

11、题号的相应选项字母涂黑。首先，请阅读下列的应用文：A. Needed: Full time secretary position available. Applicants should have at least 2 years experience and be able to type 60 words a minute. No computer skills required. Apply in person at United Business Ltd., 17 Browning StreetB. Are you looking for a part time job? We req

12、uire 3 part time shop assistants to work during the evening. No experience required. Applicants should be between 18 and 26. Call 366 - 76564 for more information.C. Computer trained secretaries: Do you have experience working with computers? Would you like a full time position working in an excitin

13、g new company? If your answer is yes, give us a call at 457-896754D. Teacher Needed: Tommys Kindergarten needs 2 teacher/trainers to help with classes from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Applicants should have appropriate licenses. For more information visit Tommys Kindergarten in Leicester Square No. 56E. Part T

14、ime work available: We are looking for retired adults who would like to work part time at the weekend. Responsibilities include answering the telephone and giving customers information. For more information contact us by calling 345-674132F. University positions open: The University of Cumberland is

15、 looking for 4 teaching assistants to help with homework correction. Applicants should have a degree in one of the following: Political Science, Religion, Economics or History. Please contact the University of Cumberland for more information.请阅读以下职位申请者的信息，然后匹配申请者和他/她拟要申请的职位：Jack Anderson. Jack gradu

16、ated from the University of Trent with a degree in Economics two years ago. He would like an academic position.Margaret Lillian. Margaret is 21 years old and would like a part time position to help her pay her university expenses. She can only work in the evenings.Alice Fingelhamm. Alice was trained

17、 as a secretary and has six years of experience. She is an excellent typist but does not know how to use a computer. She is looking for a full time position.Peter Florian. Peter went to business school and studied computer and secretarial skills. He is looking for his first job and would like a full

18、 time position.Lynne Nagata. Lynne, aged 65, once worked in a kindergarten. She is now a housewife, helping her daughter with her housework on weekdays. She is looking for a part time job.申请者申请职位61. Jack AndersonA. full time secretary62. Margaret LillianB. part time shop assistant63. Alice Fingelham

19、mC. computer trained secretary64. Peter FlorianD. kindergarten teacher65. Lynne NagataE. part time job at the weekendF. university teaching assistant看了两组材料前面的中文说明与要求后便知，此信息匹配是关于求职与招聘方面的内容，即申请者与申请职位的匹配。在浏览各职位栏目要点后,再逐一细读申请者信息, 匹配便很快出来了: 申请者 申请职位61. Jack Anderson F. university teaching assistant62. Mar

20、garet Lillian B. part time shop assistant63. Alice Fingelhamm A. full time secretary64. Peter Florian C. computer trained secretary 65. Lynne Nagata E. part time job at the weekend D. kindergarten teacher其中第63. 64.题似乎与A.项和C项均可匹配,但仔细比较后, 63. Alice Fingelhamm的信息中的” Alice was trained as a secretary and

21、 has six years of experience. She is an excellent typist but does not know how to use a computer.” 同选项A. full time secretary信息栏目中的“Applicants should have at least 2 years experience and be able to type 60 words a minute. No computer skills required.” 更加符合。65. Lynne Nagata和选项D. kindergarten teacher虽然

22、也有明显相符的地方，但工作时间上有冲突，故不可以匹配。三.书面表达(一)基础写作（Basic Writing）命题特征1.写作任务简单要求将所给的中文信息翻译成由五个句子组成的一段英文，考生无须在内容上增加情节或作任何发挥。这实际是考察学生翻译简单材料的能力，它体现了英语新课程标准的相应要求。2.评分标准较高 要求运用准确的和较为复杂的句子结构,完整而有条理地表达所给的中文信息，这一评分标准恰恰针对具有高中英语水平的考生。应对策略鉴于“基础写作”的两个特征，考生要在战略上藐视它，而在战术上重视它。写这一部分时，要着力于准确的词汇,正确的句型和语法的使用上,而非情景的组织和情节的发挥上。同时，写

23、作切不可求一步到位，切忌看到哪里，写到哪里。应采取必要的步骤进行：1.审 题- 明确文段的体裁和题材，作好全段文的人称定位和时态定位；2.整合内容- 浏览全部中文信息，确定好五个基本句子；3.翻译句子- 把握好每一句的主干（主谓宾或主谓表）的翻译,再添进附加成份（定语或状语）；4.合理排序- 根据体裁和题材的不同，通常按时间顺序，空间顺序或逻辑顺序排列句子；5.连贯成文- 用恰当的关联词（如并列连词and，but，so，for，or; 副词besides,also），短语（介词短语,不定式短语,分词短语等）或过渡语连接上下句，使之成段成文。 例 题 写作内容 请根据以下海报的内容, 给John

24、写一封邀请信, 信的开头和结尾已给出。 写作要求只能使用五个句子表达全部的内容。 评分标准 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，连贯。 英语晚会 时 间 ： 4月15日晚7点30分 地 点 ： 英语俱乐部 活动内容 ： 用英语聊天交流，观看来自不同班级的学生的表演；互相交换小礼物，结交朋友。提 供 ： 水果和饮料建 议 ： 如果你喜欢的话，可自带食物相信大家会共同度过一个美好的时光 Dear John，How is evening？ Im writing to let you know about an English Evening and invite you to join us.Im look

25、ing forward to your reply. Cheers, Li Ping解 析 审题后可知,这是一封邀请信,应使用第一人称,主体时态为将来时。全部中文信息经过整合可确定如下五个基本句子：1.英语晚会将于4月15日晚7点30分在英语俱乐部举行。2.我们安排有好几个活动，如用英语聊天交流，观看来自不同班级的学生的表演。3.我们将互相交换小礼物，结交朋友。4.我们将提供水果和饮料，如果你喜欢的话，可自带食物。5.我相信大家会共同度过一个美好的时光。 翻译后的英文句句子为：1.The English Evening will take place at 7:30 pm on April 1

26、5th in the English club.2.We have quite a few activities planned like chatting with each other in English and watching some performances by students from different classes.3.We may exchange small gifts with each other and make friends as well.4.Well provide some fruit and drinks for the evening, but

27、, if you like, you may bring along some food with you.5.I believe everyone will have a wonderful time at the English Evening.将五个英文句子连贯成文:Dear John，How is evening？Im writing to let you know about an English Evening and invite you to join us. The English Evening will take place at 7:30 pm on April 15t

28、h in the English club.We have quite a few activities planned like chatting with each other in English and watching some performances by students from different classes. Besides, we may exchange small gifts with each other and make friends as well. And well provide some fruit and drinks for the eveni

29、ng, but, if you like, you may bring along some food with you. I believe everyone will have a wonderful time at the English Evening.Im looking forward to your reply. Cheers, Li Ping(二)读写任务（Reading and Writing）命题特征1.任务双重1) 读写任务双重。要求考生先阅读一篇主题鲜明的文章,然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。2）写作任务双重。要求先概括所读文章的内容要点，即写文章概要,引出话题

30、。再发表个人的看法或感想，即写自己的观点并陈述其理由,或写读后感。2.有较大的发挥空间所提供的中文内容要点提纲挈领，这使考生能作比较大的写作发挥。考生在就自己看法或感想陈述理由或原因时，可以展开来谈，或以实例具体叙述。应对策略1.考生先应快速阅读文章，把握其篇章理解。阅读费时间不宜过多，23分钟即可。2.文章概要既要全面，又必须概括性强。概要的篇幅不可太长，34行文字足矣。写概要时，还应注意人称和口吻与原文一致,切不可参入自己的看(想)法。3.谈个人的观点和陈述自己的理由时，观点要表达鲜明，切忌两面谈；陈述的理由要有条理性，将要点展开具体谈，即所谓实例补充，以免总词数不够。写读后感时,要针对原

31、文的内容要点逐一谈自己的真实感受。4.自述部分要与概要相衔接,不可孤立分开而写。为了减少“读写任务”的随意性，增强所写短文的可读性，考生应熟练掌握以下必要的行文规范：1）文章概要可使用的开头语： This passage mainly tells us that. This passage mainly describes that From this passage we can learn that2) 谈个人的观点和陈述自己的理由时的用语: Personally, I think . For one thing, . For another, .Besides, . In short,

32、. It seems to me that .On one hand, .On the other hand, . also, . In a word, . I prefer .First, .Secondly, .Thirdly, . Meanwhile, . In all, .例 题 阅读下文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 There are basically two ways of travelling: travelling in a group led by a tour guide and travelling independently. By travellin

33、g in a group, youll enjor the companionship, comfort and safety of group travel, and learn more infoemation about the place from a tour guide. So most people choose to travel in a group led by a tour guide. Some people, however,prefer to travel indepently. They believe they can enjoy more freedom th

34、an those in a group. And they can also experience and explore new things by themselves. But sometime ,independent travel can be very troublesome. There are some trivial (烦琐的) things that may bother you. For example, you must be responsible for your own trsportation from your home to the places of in

35、terest. This includes making all connecting arrangements between you different transportation. You must also be responsible for your own accommo- dation (住宿) and safety.1.概括短文的内容要点,该部分的词数大约30;2.就“自助游好还是由导游带队好” 这个主题,发表你个人的看法，要求包含下列内容要点,该部分的词数大约120:a.你是赞成自助游还是组团由导游带队;b.简要陈述你的的理由或实例。写作要求 你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要照抄阅读材料中的句子。 解 析 这篇阅读材料主题明显，即介绍两种主要的旅游方式及其各自的利弊。考生在概括短文的内容要