中考英语 第二轮 语法专题聚焦 专题二 代词课件.ppt

1、专题二代词,山西专用,考点一人称代词 1人称代词的单复数形式,2.人称代词的用法 人称代词的主格只能在句子中作主语。宾格常作及物动词或介词的宾语。有时也作系动词的表语。如： He is a driver.他是一位司机。 He told me not to go to the zoo.他告诉我不要去动物园。 He likes playing chess with us.他喜欢跟我们一起下棋。 Who is knocking at the door？谁在敲门？ Its me，Mike.是我，迈克,在包含双宾语的句子中，如果直接宾语是人称代词it或them，间接宾语要放在直接宾语的后面。如： 请把它

2、递给我。 Please pass it to me.() Please pass me it.() lets和let us的用法不完全相同： Lets是let us的缩写形式，多用来表示劝告或建议，包括谈话的双方；而let us则不包括对方。另外，lets的反意疑问句用shall we来反问，let us的反意疑问句则用will you来反问,代词it的用法 a)用来代替上文中提到的特定事物，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。如： Your father has bought you a new computer.Do you like it？你父亲给你买了一台新电脑，你喜欢吗？ He of

3、fered us a piece of information.Its very important.他给我们提供了一条信息，这条信息非常重要。 b)当说话人对所涉及的人的身份、姓名不清楚或看不出来、听不出来时，常用it来代替和当时某一事件、某一动作有关的那个人。如： There was a knock at the door.“Who is it？” mother asked.有敲门声。母亲问：“谁呀？” Who is the child in the picture？这张照片上的孩子是谁？ Its me.Cant you see？是我呀！难道你看不出来,c)为了保持句子的平衡，可以用it来

4、代替动词不定式，在句子中作形式主语或形式宾语。如： Its very interesting to swim in the river.在河中游泳非常有趣。 He found it not easy to learn English well.他发现学好英语并不简单。 d)用来代替天气、时间、距离等。如： Whats the weather like today？今天天气怎么样？ Its fine.今天天气晴朗。 Its time to go to bed.睡觉的时间到了。 How far is it from here to the station？从这里到车站有多远,3人称代词的语序,人称

5、代词在中考中主要考查在具体语言环境中主格和宾格的选择。主格主要看是否在句中作主语，宾格主要看是否放在动词或介词后面,1Mr.Smith will go back to London tomorrow. Yes.I will see _off at the airport. Ahe Bhis Chim 2My parents are going to take _ to Mount Wuyi this summer holiday. Amy Bme Cmine 3Do your grandparents live with you? Yes，we take care of _ well. Ath

6、ey Btheir Cthem 4Look at the girl in the red skirt. _ is my new classmate. AIt BShe CHe 5Miss Smith is very kind. We all like _ Ait Bher Chim,C,B,C,B,A,6Everyone likes my father because _ is friendly. Ahis Bhim Che 7My parents showed _some old pictures that brought back sweet memories. AI Bme Cmy 8M

7、o Yan is a famous writer who got the Nobel Prize. _wrote many popular books. AHe BShe CThey 9My friend Jenny often helps _with English. AI；me Bme；my Cmy；me 10I cant find my pen.Could you help _find it? Ame Bher Chim,C,B,A,B,A,考点二物主代词 1物主代词的单复数形式,2.物主代词的用法 形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特点，在句中用作定语，后面必须接名词。如： His pare

8、nts are both workers.他的父母都是工人。 名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，后面不能再跟名词，它相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”。在句中可作主语，宾语或表语。如： My ruler is quite different from hers.我的尺子和她的完全不同。 “of名词性物主代词”可以作名词的后置定语。如： He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友,方法突破】 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别及运用是中考的常考点。对二者进行区别的一个方法就是看设空处后面有没有名词，如果有名词，则用形容词性物主代词；如果没有名词，则用名词性物主代词。 his和it

9、s既可以作形容词性物主代词，又可以作名词性物主代词。如： My computer is new and his is old.我的计算机是新的，他的是旧的,3常见的形容词性物主代词构成的短语 all ones life 某人一生，终于 change ones mind 某人改变主意 lose ones life 某人丧生 take ones time 某人不着急，慢慢来 with ones help 在某人的帮助下 do/try ones best 尽某人最大努力 lose ones way 某人迷路 hold ones breath 某人屏住呼吸 make up ones mind 某人下决

10、心 to ones surprise 使某人感到惊奇的是,考点三反身代词 1反身代词的单复数形式,2.反身代词的用法 作及物动词或介词宾语。如： We enjoyed ourselves.我们玩得很开心。 You can decide for yourself.你可以自己做决定。 作主语和宾语的同位语。如： He himself is a doctor.他本人就是一位医生。 She wants to meet the dancer herself.她想见见这位舞蹈家本人,3反身代词的常用词组 teach oneself自学dress oneself打扮自己 learn sth.by onese

11、lf自学for oneself亲自 enjoy oneself过得愉快；玩得高兴 help oneself to随便吃/用 come to oneself苏醒；恢复知觉 hurt oneself受伤 by oneself独自devote oneself to 致力于,1I left my dictionary at home.Can I borrow _？ OK.Here you are. Ayou Byour Cyours 2Dont worry about me.I can look after _ Amyself Bherself Chimself 3Hi，Tom! A math boo

12、k is on the teachers desk.Whose is it? I think its Marys.Because _ name is on the book. Ahis Bher Cmy 4You shouldnt lose _ in computer games，boys. Sorry，we wont do it again. Ayou Byourself Cyourselves 5Do you know _ this dictionary belongs to? Let me see.Oh，its . Awho；me Bwho；mine Cwhom；mine,C,A,B,C

13、,C,6The man was too poor to go to school then.He had to teach _all the subjects at home. Ahim Bhimself Chis 7Betty and Kitty are twin sisters. _ mother often dresses them in colorful clothes. AThey BTheir CTheirs 8Jim，who taught _ Chinese before you came to school? Nobody.I learned it by . Ayourself

14、；myself Byou；meCyou；myself 9Jane，is this your dictionary? Yes，its _Thank you. Ame Bmy Cmine 10Last month，I went to the computer museum with my parents.We enjoyed _and learned a lot. Aus Bourselves Cour,B,B,C,C,B,考点四普通不定代词 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫作不定代词，兼有名词和形容词的功能，在句中主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。 几组容易混

15、淆的不定代词的用法 1some与any 两者都表示“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。some 一般用于肯定句中， any 一般用于疑问句和否定句中 。但注意：some 也可以用于以情态动词开头的疑问句中，表示说话人委婉的请求，希望得到肯定回答。如：Can I have some bread？Yes，please.而any 也可以用在肯定句中，表示“任何的”。如：You can choose any subject,2other，the other，others与another other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一些/部分”，含有非此即彼之意。常见的结构有“one

16、the other”(一个另一个) 。“other 复数名词”表示不特定的“其余的”人或物。“the other 复数名词”表示特定的“其余的”人或物。如： I have two brothers.One is a doctor，the other is an engineer.others 泛指“别人”。another 表示三者或三者以上的“另一个”，后面常跟可数名词的单数形式。如： This shirt is too small.Can I try on another one? 3a little，little，a few与few a little，little用于不可数名词前，前者表示

17、肯定“一些”，后者表示否定“没有几个”。a few，few用于可数名词的复数前，前者表示肯定“一些”，后者表示否定“没有几个,4all，both，either与neither all用于三者或三者以上的人或物，意为“全，都”，常与of 连用。both表示两者之间的人或事物，意为“都”，常与and 连用。either 指两者当中的其中一个；neither 指两者当中的一个也不。either 和neither 后可以跟名词的单数，也可构成“either / neither of 名词(代词)的复数”，当它们作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式； 当either.or.(要么要么)和 neither.no

18、r.(既不也不)连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。如：Neither book is interesting.Neither of the books is interesting.Either you or your mother is wrong,5none与no one none表示三者以上的否定，是all的否定形式。既可指人，又可指物，而no one只指人。none作主语时，谓语动词可单可复；no one只表单数可数概念，谓语动词用单数。另外，none可以与of连用，而no one不能。用who提问的句子用no one或nobody回答；用how many和how much提问

19、时，用none回答。 Who is in the room？谁在房间里？ No one./Nobody.没人。 How many students are there in the classroom？教室里有多少名学生？ None.没有一个,考点五复合不定代词 1中考常见复合不定代词一览表,2.复合不定代词的用法 复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： Somebody is speaking in the empty house.有人在那个空房子里说话。 当主句的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody，nobody，anyone等时，其反

20、意疑问句主语通常用代词they；当主句中的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything，anything，nothing，something等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用it。如： Everybody is here，arent they？大家都在这里，不是吗？ Everything is ready，isnt it？一切都准备好了，不是吗,当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词后面。如： I have something important to tell you，Mum.妈妈，我有重要的事要

21、告诉你。 I cant find anyone else.我找不到其他任何人。 everyoneeverybody，anyoneanybody，只指人，不能与of 短语连用；every one，any one可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以,1The question is so difficult that _ students can answer it. Afew Bmany Cmost 2What else do you need for your holiday? Nothing else.I have packed _ Aeverything Bnothing Csometh

22、ing 3There is only one ticket for Lucy and Susan.So _of them will go to the movie. Aeither Bneither Cboth 4There is _wrong with my computer. It doesnt work now.Ill buy a new one. Anothing Bsomething Ceverything 5How did you get the MP4，from a shop or by phone? _I always like shopping online. ANone B

23、Neither CBoth,A,A,A,B,B,6Look! The light in the teachers office is on.There must be _in it. Aeveryone Bsomeone Cno one 7My family has two dogs.One is white, and _ is black. Aother Banother Cthe other 8Who taught Zhu Zhiwen to sing? _！ He learned singing by himself. AEverybody BSomebody CNobody 9Ann，

24、would you like to drink tea or coffee? _Im not thirsty at all. AEither BAny CNeither 10I think _necessary for us to do something to protect our environment. Athat Bthis Cit,B,C,C,C,C,考点六指示代词,考点七疑问代词 所有疑问代词都可以作为连接代词，连接主句和从句,考点八关系代词 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，常用的关系代词有 who，whose，whom，that，which。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如： I hate people who talk much but do little.我讨厌讲得多却做得少的人。 Im looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.我正在看你在信中寄给我的照片。 With the money that h