高中英语 专题Unit 4 Earthquakes 3 Grammar Writing试题（含解析）新人教版必修1

1、专题Unit 4 Earthquakes 3 Grammar WritingGrammar：定语从句(I)关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句在整个句子中担任定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。1. 关系词关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as(句子中缺主要成分：主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语、补语时)。关系副词：when, where, why(句子中缺次要成分：状语时)。2. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导定语从句，代替先行词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等主要成分。(1

2、)who, whom, that 指代人，who, that在从句中可作主语、宾语；whom在从句中作宾语。Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是你想要见的那个人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man who/whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他是昨天我见到的那个人。(who/whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换。They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken

3、 down. 他们冲过去帮助那个车出故障的人。Please pass me the book whose cover is green/the cover of which is green. 请递给我那本封面是绿色的书。(3)which, that指代物，在从句中可作主语、宾语。The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你正在搬的那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语，可省略)(4)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。Is he th

4、e man who wants to see you?他是想要见你的那个人吗？3. 只能用that不能用which的情况(1)先行词是everything, nothing, something, anything, all, little, much等不定代词时。 He never read anything that was not worth reading. 他从不读任何不值得阅读的书。(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very等词修饰时。 Ive read all the books that

5、you lent me.我已经读完了你借给我的所有书。(3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。It is the first American film of this kind that Ive ever seen.这是我看过的第一部这个种类的美国电影。(4)先行词由人和物共同组成时。The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们都羡慕你和我谈论过的这个科学家和他的成就。4. 关系代词as 和which的用法区别(1)as一般放在句首或句中，which置于句中。(2)a

6、s可引导非限制性定语从句，常常有正如之意；which可以表主从句之间的因果关系。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。He was always late, which made his teacher very angry. 他总是迟到，这让他的老师非常生气。A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A. which B. whose C. where D. with【答案】B . 从表格中选出合适的关系代词填空which whom that whose who

7、 as1. This is the mountain village _ I visited last year.2. Ill never forget the days _ I spent in the countryside. 3. The engineer with _ my father works is about 50 years old.4. Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the country?5. He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered i

8、n the school.6. The letter is from my sister, _ is working in Beijing.7. This is the same pen _ I used yesterday.8. The other two areas _ British and American English differ are spelling and pronunciation. 用适当的关系代词填空1. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.2.

9、 I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far.3. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.4. The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.5. The terrible shaking of the building

10、 woke up all the people _ were asleep. 单项填空1. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that2. He is such a good teacher _ everyone respects and loves him.A. that B. whom C. as D. who 3. It is known _ light travels faster th

11、an sound.A. as B. that C. what D. which 4. I dont like the way _ he spoke.A. / B. as C. who D. which5. He has given you the way _ is best to solve the problem.A. / B. in which C. what D. which 6. In September of 2016, the G20 Summit was held in Hangzhou, _ theme is to stress innovation, reform and d

12、evelopment.A. where B. which C. when D. whose7. Captain John Smith was among the first to settle in _ is called New England now. A. which B. whatC. the place where D. where8. On the bus I saw a student _ I thought was your brother.A. who B. whomC. whose D. heI. 七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项

13、为多余选项。Without plants, people couldnt live. We eat plants. 1 And we need plants for another reason: We need them because they are beautiful. 2 Imagine no flowers with their sweet smells, their beautiful colours and their lovely shapes. Imagine, when the wind blows, we are not able to hear the leaves

14、of the trees or watch the branches swing from side to side. 3 That is why we have parks full of trees and flowers. That is why people always like houses with room for some grass and a garden.Do you talk to your plants? 4 Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird, writers of a book called The Secret of Pla

15、nts, tell of an experiment in which two seeds were plants in different places. While the plants were growing, one plant was given love and hopeful ideas. 5 Under the earth it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem and more leaves.A. Plants get energy from the sun.B. Imagin

16、e a world with no plants.C. We take in oxygen that plants make.D. Everywhere people need beautiful plants.E. After six months, the beloved plant was bigger.F. After six months, the deserted plant faded away.G. Do you give them love and take good care of them?II. 书面表达近年来，由于海洋污染和过度捕捞，鱼的数量和种类在急剧地减少。请就此

17、写一篇英语短文，给学校英语广播站投稿。内容要点如下：1. 海洋渔业资源的现状；2. 分析该现象出现的原因；3. 提出解决问题的方法。参考词汇：资源 resource注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_1. (2017天津) My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that B. whose C. his D. who2. (2017江苏) The publication of Great Expectations, which _ bo

18、th widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.A. is B. are C. was D. were3. (2017江苏) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 4. (2017北京) The little problems _ we m

19、eet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when 5. (2016江苏) Many young people, most _ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those6. (2016北京) I live next door to a couple _ children often

20、 make a lot of noise.A. whose B. why C. where D. which7. (2016浙江) Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _ has been proved.A. whom B. which C. whatD. that8. (2015湖南) It is a truly delightful place, _ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its

21、 winding streets and pretty cottages.A. as B. whereC. thatD. which. 从表格中选出合适的关系代词填空1. which / that 2. which / that3. whom 4. whose5. that 6. who7. as 8. in which. 用适当的关系代词填空1. which2. whose3. that4. as5. who. 单项填空1. D 【解析】先行词由人和物共同组成时，关系代词只能用that。本句中先行词是the piano and the pianist(钢琴和钢琴家)，故选D。6. D 【解析

22、】句意：在 2016 年 9 月，20 国集团峰会在杭州举行，它的主题是强调创新、改革和发展。whose在定语从句中作定语，故选D。7. B 【解析】此处what的意思是所的事物，指代地点。句意: 史密斯上尉是第一批定居在现在被称为新英格兰的人之一。故选B。8. A 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。I thought是插入语，因此定语从句缺主语，who和whom在引导定语从句上的区别主要是who可作主语和宾语，但whom只能作宾语，whose是作定语修饰句中某个成分。句意：在公交车上，我看到一个学生，我觉得是你的弟弟。故选A。I. 七选五【语篇解读】文章讲的是植物在人们生活中的重要性。1. C

23、 【解析】本段讲述的是植物的作用，我们要呼吸植物产生的氧气属于植物的作用的范畴，故选C。5. E 【解析】根据Under the earth it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem and more leaves.可知六个月之后，被关心的那棵植物长得更大，它在土壤下，长出了更多更长的根。故选E。II. 书面表达In recent years, fishing resources in the ocean have been faced with a severe situation with th

24、e quantity of fish and their species dropping sharply. It is human behavior that is to blame. Industrial and agricultural waste such as chemicals and oil is poured into the ocean. Whats more, overfishing destroys the balance of life in the ocean. To handle this situation, the government should make

25、laws and punish those who violate the law for causing pollution. Besides, over-fishing should be strictly banned. Also, some fishermen may take other jobs so that there are less people living on fishing. Only with these measures taken can we eventually preserve fishing resources.1. B 【解析】本句是一个非限制性定语

26、从句，先行词是My eldest son, 根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定语，选项中只有引导词whose修饰名词作定语。故选B。【名师点睛】定语从句主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whom, as, who在从句中作主语、宾语、表语；whose作定语；where, why, when分别在句中作地点状语、原因状语和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。2. C 【解析】考查主谓一致。本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词Great Expectations是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据strengthe

27、ned可知，被广泛阅读和得到高度评价发生在过去，故选C。3. C 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是the World Food Programme，语境是世界粮食项目的目的之一是，whose在定语从句中作定语，在这里限定purposes，故选C。6. A 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。7. B 【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。此句为定语从句，先行词是theories，指

28、物，定语从句用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。8. D 【解析】根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词引导。as引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。故选D。 Writing: 如何写新闻报道【写作点拨】新闻报道的结构一般分为四个部分：(一)标题、(二)导语、(三)主体、(四)结语。标题是新闻的题目，是编辑对最有新闻价值内容的浓缩、概括、提炼和再创造。撰写标题是为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读。在今天

29、繁忙的现代社会中，报纸的读者大多是标题浏览者。导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，它简明扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。主体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步开展和阐释。新闻报道的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结，或对新闻事件的发展趋势作出预测。有时，作者根据报道的事实在结语中提出令人深思的问题。一般来说，标题、导语和主体是构成新闻报道的必不可少的三部分。可根据新闻报道的内容而确定是否要结语或其他内容(如事件和历史背景等)，有时，还可将它们暗含在主体中。在写新闻报道时，首先要注意新闻的标题具有语言幽默风趣的特点，有较强的吸引力。同时，写作依据的

30、材料要充分，要用事实来说话，语言力求简洁。最后，报道中要有亮点，能引人深思或能让人产生强烈的兴趣。【写作技巧】真正的新闻英语中常见的体裁主要有三大类：消息、特写和新闻评论。在高中阶段，学生一般被要求就某一现象做简单陈述，继而发表个人看法。新闻类文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。其中，标题用来浓缩概括全文的中心。导语，通常为文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事实。正文在导语的基础上，引入更多与主题相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论，进而得出结论。高中生在写作时，通常不被要求拟标题，只需根据所提供的材料展开叙述，所以可将正式英文新闻的写作结构调整为：导语正文评论。在导语部分简要

31、概括事件或活动的情况，原则上有意识地遵守五个W的原则。简单说来，即把导语当作全文的中心句，涉及到when, where, who, what四个新闻元素，而剩下的how或why可在下文中具体论述。书面表达的正文及评论部分需要遵循以下几个原则：1. 要点完全，详略适当。2. 段落紧凑，时态准确。3. 语言平实，避免抒情。依据材料，平实叙述，不要使用过于夸张的语言，以保持新闻报道类文体的特征。其次，在陈述个人观点时，也要尽量做到客观，或带有较为积极的导向性，而不是个人情感浓重，有偏颇之嫌。【常用表达】 一、英语新闻标题7种常用标题法：1. be 动词省略Poll：GOP* Vulnerable i

32、n NovPeace Talk * in Peril, India Warns Pakistan此处*表示被省略掉的be。2. 一般现在时通常代表过去的动作或事件 Professor Leaves $4M to His College.Former Bush Official Kills Son and Self.3. 不定式代表未来的动作或事件Court to Review Eavesdropping Program.US States to Sue Chip Companies.4. 现在进行时表示现在发生的或即将发生的动作或事件Sharks Moving in on Catfish St

33、reams.Mike Tyson Trying to Become the Youngest Champ.5. 过去分词大多为被动语态Iraqs Olympic Rep Kidnapped.6. 定冠词(the)与不定冠词(a, an)通常省略* Man Sentenced to 150 years.*代表被省略的a。7. 标点符号的特殊功用逗号：代表andUS, Russia Fail to Agree on WTO Membership分号：代表并列的两件事情Industrial Dream Fades; Third World Revives Farms冒号：表示消息来源，或说明补充WH

34、O:H5N1 Virus Mutated Slightly in FamilyIraq: Zarqawis Successor问号：表示新闻令人诧异Containment: New Iraq Policy?引号：代表特殊含义Barbaro Looks Good After Week of Scares二、新闻导语1. 概括式硬新闻常用的方法。HALAT, Lebanon Israel again unleashed airstrikes across Lebanon on Friday, severing the countrys last major road link to the out

35、side world and killing more than 30 people, including 28 farm workers.2. 白描式软新闻常用的方法。PEARSON, Georgia For generations, people here have savored the predictable cadences of small-town living. They knew their neighbors and their neighbors neighbors, the sweet sound of Sunday church mornings and the ru

36、mble of tractors tilling the rich soil.And they knew that most outsiders would drive right through this blue-collar community of tidy bungalows and mobile homes, without stopping or settling, on their way to bigger, busier places.三、新闻内容主要有七个特点： 1. 多采用扩展的简单句其扩展的方法是使用定语、状语、同位语等补充成分，修订限定成分。LAGOS, Dec.

37、15(Reuter) The Nigerian foreign ministrys offices were completely destroyed by a fire in the center of Lagos Monday night.Eyewitnesses gave conflicting reports about the number of people injured in the blaze, which firemen suspect was caused by an electrical fault.One fireman said four people had be

38、en rescued from the ministry, suffering from minor injuries. About 100 firemen were unable to prevent the blaze spreading to buildings beside the seven-storey ministry.The foreign ministry, which lost many valuable records in the blaze, was due to be moved to a new site shortly.The building, complet

39、ely gutted by the blaze, also housed offices of the Information Ministry and the Ministry of Science and Technology.2. 多用直接引语和间接引语，增加真实性3. 多用主动语态，辅以被动语态4. 多用现在时5. 多用省略句6. 主语后置Attending the meeting were Minister of Finance, Minister of Economic Affairs and several officials of the Council for Economic Planning & Development.7. 副词前移至被修饰语旁The newspaper, quoting PLO sources, said the Syrian government strongly objecte