高中英语 小题狂刷21 Unit 1 Great scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5

1、小题狂刷21 Unit 1 Great scientistsI. 根据下列汉语或首字母提示填写单词。1. Over the years weve become quite e at dealing with these sorts of problems.2. The need to communicate is a key (特征) of human society.3. We should combine (理论) with practice.4. The (受害者) received head injuries from which she died a week later.5. I

2、dont know who sent the gift, but Ill make some (询问).6. You dont sound very (热心的) about the idea.7. This is a school for children with (严重的) learning difficulties in the town.8. The government has (宣布) plans to create 10,000 new jobs.9. If we can (打败) the Italian team, well be through to the final.10

3、. You will be (指示) where to go as soon as the plane is ready.【参考答案】1. expert 2. characteristic 3. theory 4. victim 5. enquiries 6. enthusiastic 7. severe 8. announced 9. defeat 10. instructed II. 单句语法填空1.He has made an important_(contribute)to the companys success.2.Tim is a very_(create)musician wh

4、o has written many songs.3.The trade union_(move)is concerned with working conditions.4.We explained our plans and he was very_(enthusiasm)about them.5.The bridge under_(construct)will be open to the public next year.6.It is_(universe)known that the earth is round.7.She was instructed to act with_(c

5、autious).8.Over 2，000 people were in_(attend)at yesterdays demonstration.9.The prime minister_(rejection)any idea of the reforming system.10.What he said was_(revolution).【参考答案】1.contribution2.creative3.movement4. enthusiastic5.construction6.universally7. caution8.attendence9.rejected10. revolutiona

6、ryIII. 用所给词的正确形式填空1.Unfortunately，with the development of industrialization，the environment has been _ (pollute).2.An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka，which _ (handle) the rubbish problem facing the city.3.Instead of _ (blame) the child who had broken the vase，she gave

7、 him a tolerant smile and let him go.4.And the more birds are _ (expose) to light，the more active they are at night.5.He _ (move) to Beijing in 1988 and the _ (move) proved to be important to the further development of his career.6.The old man often _ (instruct) us how to behave well in public and h

8、is _ (instruct) has made a deep impression on us.7.After he grew up to be a _ (science)，he liked to do _ (science) experiments to test his ideas.8.The teacher _ (conclude) from the evidence that she was wrong. And his _ (conclude) proved to be right.9.The writer personally _ (contribute)￥5，000 to th

9、e earthquake fund. All the _ (contribute) will be gratefully received.10.Many factories have been _ (construct) in our city since last year，and a power station is under _ (construct) in the south.【参考答案】IV. 单项填空1. When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to _ it with important points.

10、A. concludeB. leadC. avoidD. hold【解析】A 2. The team are working hard to _ the problem so that they can find the best solution.A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze 【答案】D 【解析】句意：该团队正在努力分析这一问题，以便他们能找到最佳解决方法。face面对；prevent阻止；raise提出，举起；analyze分析。3. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her sch

11、ool days by a nurse _ to guard her. A. to appointB. appointingC. appointedD. having appointed【答案】C 【解析】所填词作后置定语，修饰a nurse，a nurse与appoint之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。4. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying _.A. connected B. connecting C. to conn

12、ect D. to be connected【答案】A 【解析】staying(保持)在此是系动词stay的-ing形式，系动词后要接表语，保持联系用stay connected，故选A。5. See, your computer has broken down again! It doesnt_sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.A. haveB. makeC. displayD. bring【答案】B 【解析】句意：瞧，你的电脑又瘫痪了!为省几美元而去买最便宜的品牌的电脑毫无意义可言。

13、make sense有意义，讲得通。6. Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home. A. she realizedB. has she realizedC. she has realized D. did she realize【答案】D 7. Only after talking to two students _ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.A.

14、I did discoverB. did I discoverC. I discovered D. discovered I【答案】B 【解析】Only+时间状语位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即将谓语动词/助动词/情态动词提至主语前，此处需要添加助动词did，故选B。8.Faced with a problem, you have to _ it first and then try to find a solution.A. analyzeB. resembleC. concentrateD. substitute【答案】A【解析】句意：面对问题，首先你必须要分析它，然后尽力找出解决办法。an

15、alyze分析，符合句意。resemble像；concentrate专心，集中，常与介词on连用；substitute代替，取代。9.Some minerals are quite common , others are regionally _ , and still others are rare on the earth.A. attributedB. distributedC. contributedD. Scattered【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些矿物十分普通，有些矿物的分布具有区域性，还有些矿物在地球上十分罕见。 attribute(与to连用) 归因于；di

16、stribute散布， 分布，分配； contribute捐助，捐献，贡献，投稿；scatter散布，散播，使分散。根据句意应选B。10.To our anger, many poverty-stricken counties build luxurious office buildings instead of _ money to improve the miserable conditions of local schools.A. announcingB. allocatingC. advocatingD. accumulating【答案】B I. 阅读理解A阅读下面短文，从每题所给的

17、A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world, and the baby is, well, just playingright? Perhaps, b

18、ut some developmental psychologists (心理学家) have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the groundand, in the process, it brings out

19、 important evidence about how physical objects interact (相互作用); bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding o

20、f object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the babys investigation and the scientists experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world), overall approach (

21、gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this waythat they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it ma

22、y only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesnt like Dove chocolate. Viewing chi

23、ldhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effortthe desire to explore, explain, an

24、d understand our worldis simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution (进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that

25、make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it,” It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”1. According to some developmental psychologists, .A. a babys play is nothing more

26、than a game.B. scientific research into babies games is possibleC. the nature of babies play has been thoroughly investigatedD. a babys play is somehow similar to a scientists experiment2. We learn from Paragraph 2 that .A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differentlyB. scientists and

27、 babies often interact with each otherC. babies are born with the knowledge of object supportD. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do3. Children may learn the rules of language by .A. exploring the physical worldB. investigating human psychologyC. repeating their own experimentsD. ob

28、serving their parents behaviors4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The world may be more clearly explained through childrens play.B. Studying babies play may lead to a better understanding of science.C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D. Ones driv

29、e for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.5. What is the authors tone when he discusses the connection between scientists research and babies play? A. Convincing. B. Confused. C. Confident. D. Cautious.【文章大意一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有共同之处。1.D 【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的but some developmental

30、psychologists (心理学家) have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think可知，心理学家觉得孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有些相似，故选D。B根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Succeed in ScienceTo succeed in science, you need a lot more than luck. In my view, you have to combine intell

31、igence with a willingness not to follow conventions when they block your path forward. Thus, these have come to be my rules for success.1That might sound proud, but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than yourself. Its like playing any game. Even as a child, I never wan

32、ted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was. If you win, it gives you no pleasure. And in the game of science or life, the highest goal isnt simply to win; its to win at something really difficult.2Take risksTo make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get into deep trouble. I

33、f you are going to make a huge jump in science, you will very likely be unqualified to succeed by definition.3 This can be more than personally upsetting.Never do anything that bores you.My experience in science is that someone is always telling you to do things, and then leave you alone. Im not goo

34、d enough to do well in something I dislike.4Its very hard to succeed if you dont want to be with other scientists you have to go to key meetings where you spot key facts that would have escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors, even if you find them objectionable.So my final rule is:5

35、A. Meet challenges with great courage.B. If you cant stand to be with your real peers, get out of science.C. Put another way, its to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on top.D. Be sure you always have someone to save you from a deep mess.E. Avoid foolish people.F. In fact, I find it hard

36、 to do well in something I like.G. Besides, you even have to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes.【文章大意】如何在科学上取得成功，作者给了我们一些建议。II.完形填空阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。At age 14, 15 and 16, the way we looked was the most important thing in the world to us. My friends and I want

37、ed nothing less than perfection. In high school, we joined the gymnastics team, and our 1 became even more important to us. We had no fat, only muscle. On the weekends, we would go to the beach, 2 of our flat stomachs. One summer day, all my friends were at my house 3 . At one point, I was running b

38、ack to the pool. I 4 on a bee, and while it was dying under my foot, it stung (蛰) me. I instantly started to feel 5 . That night, I began to run a high fever and my leg and foot were red, hot and swollen. I couldnt walk. I could barely 6 . When my foot started to go numb, everyone became more 7 . My

39、 foot was not getting enough blood. I had to go to the hospital, and my leg 8 as if it were badly broken. I couldnt move. All I could do was think about how soft my middle was becoming. That 9 me more than any concern over my leg. That would all 10 when I heard the doctors mention possibly cutting o

40、ff my foot. It was still not getting the 11 supply it needed. The doctors would have to speed up their treatment. Never before did I have such great 12 for my foot. And walking seemed like a 13 from the gods. Less and less I wanted to hear my friends talk about 14 and who was wearing what. More and

41、more I expected visits from other kids in the hospital, who were quickly becoming my friends. One girl came to visit me 15 . Every time she came, she brought flowers. She was recovering from cancer and felt she should come back and 16 the other patients. She still had no hair, and she was swollen fr

42、om the medications she had been taking. I would not have given this girl a second 17 before. I now loved every inch of her and looked forward to her 18 . Finally, I was improving and soon I went home. My leg was still swollen, 19 I was walking, and I had my foot! When I would go back to the hospital

43、, I often saw my friend. She was still visiting people and 20 good cheer. I thought if there was an angel on this earth, it had to be her.1. A. grades B. brains C. bodies D. clothes2. A. ashamed B. proud C. sure D. tired3. A. dancing B. chattingC. joggingD. swimming4. A. steppedB. focusedC. held D.

44、took 5. A. upsetB. fearfulC. sickD. anxious6. A. jumpB. runC. standD. rest 7. A. concerned B. relievedC. surprised D. interested8. A. harmed B. hurtC. woundedD. injured9. A. blamedB. impressedC. shocked D. troubled 10. A. change B. bother C. helpD. happen11. A. nutrition B. blood C. time D. air12. A

45、. observation B. devotion C. appreciationD. evaluation13. A. giftB. hand C. promiseD. treat14. A. homeworkB. appointmentC. movies D. gymnastics 15. A. suddenlyB. regularlyC. eventually D. recently16. A. advise B. encourageC. serveD. instruct17. A. choice B. thoughtC. glance D. chance18. A. wordsB. i

46、deas C. flowers D. visits 19. A. butB. then C. so D. for20. A. enjoying B. gaining C. discoveringD. spreading 【文章大意】本文讲述了一个女孩曾经是一个极度关注自己体型的爱美的女孩，并自豪于自己的扁平的肚子。一次偶然的事故中，她被蜜蜂蜇伤，并为此差点失去了一只脚。困境中她的观点转变了，觉得有脚真好！因为经历了这次磨难，她对一个之前不愿多看一眼的患癌症的女孩的看法也转变为爱她的全部，因为那个女孩正给医院的病人传播着快乐。1.C根据第一段的意思在14、15、16岁时，在这个世上我们看上去的样

47、子对我们来说是最重要的事情。我和我的朋友只追求完美。再根据下句我们没有脂肪，只有肌肉。可知此句的意思该是在高中，我们加入了体操队，我们的身体（body）对我们来说变得更重要。所以C项符合语境之意。故选C。8.B根据语境可知此两句该译成 我的脚正不能得到足够的血。我不得不去医院，而且我的腿感到很疼痛（hurt疼痛，感到疼痛），好像是坏得很厉害。 harm 伤害，损害；wound 受伤，伤害； injure 损害，毁坏，伤害。所以B项符合语境之意。9.D根据上文所说的她的腿很疼，好像是坏的很厉害，并且还不能动。可知此句意思该是那给我带来的烦恼（trouble 使烦恼）胜过对我的腿的任何关心。所以D

48、项符合语境之意。16.B根据本句的语境可知本句的意思该是她正从癌症中恢复过来，并且她觉得她应该回来并鼓励（encourage）其他的病人。17.C根据后面句子I now loved every inch of her的暗示可知此处该译成她仍然没有头发，而且她被她一直吃的药物弄得肿肿的。之前我连一秒钟都没有瞥（glance一瞥，扫视）过她，现在我爱她的每一英寸（即全部）。18.D 根据上文的语境可知本句该译成现在我爱她的每一英寸（即全部）并且盼望她的探望（visit）。19.A 根据语境可知此处该译成最后，我正在好转，并且很快就要回家了。我的腿仍然肿着，但是（but）我在行走，而且我有脚！20.

49、D 根据上文语境可知此处可译成当我回到医院时，我经常看到我的朋友。她仍然在探望人们并且正传播（spread使传播）着快乐。我认为如果在这世上有个天使的话，这个天使就得是她了。III.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists have discovered that 1(stay) in the cold could help us lose weight.Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels o

50、f a protein that helps form brown fat-the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm.Brown fat burns energy, 2helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results 3weight gain. The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, 4(comfort) temperature

51、s, our bodys need for brown fat has decreased. They found that: Outdoor workers in northern Finland who 5(expose) to cold temperature have 6significant amount of brown fat when 7(compare) to same-aged indoor workers. The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice. 8group was inje

52、cted with the protein that helps create brown fat. This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed high-fat diets. The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity. People who are obese have 9 (low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. Head researcher H

53、ei Sook Sul said: This protein could become an important target for research into the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity related diseases. She added: If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could 10(possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.【语篇解读】

54、这篇短文主要讲述了利用棕色脂肪消耗能量的特性来减肥的问题。1.staying 6.a IV.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for