高中英语 专题05 First aid试题（含解析）新人教版必修5

1、专题05 First aidKnowing a little first aid could be life-saving if you see someone lying unconscious.如果你看见有人晕倒，而你又了解一些急救措施，那很可能会挽救一条生命。Too often people dont do anything because they think they will kill the patient, but by learning simple rules you could make the difference between life and death.通常人们

2、都是什么都不做，因为他们认为自己的做法可能会害死病人。但是学习些简单的措施，你就可能救人于生死之间了。First, you need to find out if theyre unconscious, asleep or drunk, by squeezing the skin between their neck and shoulder and shouting.首先，你需要通过测他们的颈动脉，并大声呼喊来确定他们是无意识了，还是睡着了或者喝醉了。If there is no response at all, you need to establish if they are dead

3、or just unconscious sometimes its very difficult to tell the difference.如果没有反应的话，你需要确定他们是死了，还是仅仅是晕过去了有时候很难分辨清楚它们。Open the airway by placing one hand on their forehead and gently tilting the head back while lifting the chin.把一只手放在他们的前额慢慢地把头向后倾，同时抬高下颚，以确保呼吸顺畅。If there are no signs of life no obvious p

4、ulse and their chest is not going up and down call an ambulance and then start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to maintain a flow of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart.如果没有明显的脉搏和心跳，那就是没有生命迹象了。此时要立刻叫救护车，并开始心肺复苏以保持带有氧气的血液在大脑和心脏之间流通。Do this by pushing up and down on the centre of the chest, wi

5、th your hands interlocked together, constantly until an ambulance arrives.把你的手交叠相扣，按住胸腔中心部分上上下下地不停按压，直到救护车到达。Push at a rate of 100 beats a minute。You cant harm them doing this and might just save a life.保持一分钟按压100次的频率。你这样做不会伤害到他们，但却可能挽救一条生命。高考试题一体裁题材词数难度建议时间记叙文Taylor Bisbee通过及时的CPR挽救了一位学生的生命3446(201

6、7北京)It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two di

7、dnt know each other well Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before. Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground, “Pariss eye rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.” It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Pari

8、s would die. At first no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?” CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick persons chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damagi

9、ng quickly.Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didnt think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR, “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,” says Taylor.Taylors

10、 swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris heartbeat returned.“I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most

11、people dont survive this. My team saved my life.”Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I

12、feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”1. What happened to Paris on a March day?A. She caught a bad cold.B. She had a sudden heart problem.C. She was knocked down by a ball.D. She shivered terribly during practice2. Why does Paris

13、say she was lucky?A. She made a worthy friend.B. She recovered from shock.C. She received immediate CPR.D. She came back on the softball team.3. Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?A. Enthusiastic and kind.B. Courageous and calm.C. Cooperative and generous.D. Ambitious and professi

14、onal.【语篇解读】讲述Taylor Bisbee通过及时的CPR挽救了一位学生的生命。高考试题二体裁题材词数难度建议时间新闻报道9岁女童用急救方法救父亲3006(2014四川卷阅读理解C篇) A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy, nine, restarted father Colms heart by stamping (踩) on hi

15、s chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzys mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.However, she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough, so she stamped on her fathers chest instead.

16、Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I

17、 might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.Shes a little star, said Debbie. I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just cant believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then

18、 the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so seri

19、ous that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.39. Izzy kicked her father in the chest .A. to express her helplessnessB. to practise CPR on himC. to keep him awakeD

20、. to restart his heart40. Whats the right order of the events?Izzy kicked Colm.Debbie called 999.Izzy learned CPR.Colms heart stopped.A. B. C. D. 41. What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?A. What Colm suffered.B. Colms present condition.C. What caused Colms allergy.D. Symptoms of Colms allergic re

21、action.42. Why does the author write the news?A. To describe a serious accident.B. To prove the importance of CPR.C. To report a 9-year-old girls brave act.D. To call peoples attention to allergic reaction.【文章大意】本文为新闻报道。文中报道了9岁女童勇敢救父的故事。Izzy的父亲因过敏反应心脏停止工作，Izzy采取急救措施挽救了父亲的生命。39. D 细节理解题。由第一段中的A schoo

22、lgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest以及第二段中的Izzy, nine, restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩) on his chest可知，Izzy踩她父亲的胸的目的是使父亲的心脏回复跳动。【试题分析】现代社会，生活、工作等中存在的危险因素和发生的意外并不少见，而掌握一定的急救知识，在关键时刻会起很大作用。本试题的主题是9岁女童用所学的急救知识救父亲，在不影响关键信息的前提下，材料中出现个别考纲上没有的词汇，这实际上是对学生模糊容忍度的考查。在阅读过程中，适当的模糊容

23、忍度是学生做阅读理解试题所必须的一种能力，这要求在高中英语阅读教学中适当培养学生此方面的能力。高考试题三体裁题材词数难度建议时间记叙文接力送药救儿童44928 (2016北京卷完形填空) A Race Against DeathIt was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch 36 a sick boy, Billy, and knew he ha

24、d diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be 37 if it struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.How could the medicine

25、 get to Nome? The towns 39 was already full of ice, so it couldnt come by ship. Cars and horses couldnt travel on the 40 roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet. 41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were 42 . Nomes town officials came up with a(n) 43 . They

26、 would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled(狗拉雪橇) drivers known as mushers would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力).The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine t

27、o the next musher, Shannons face was black from the extreme cold.On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to 47 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most 48 part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Se

28、ppala might fall into the icy water below. He would 49 , and so would the sick children of Nome. But Seppala made it across. A huge snowstorm hit on February 1. A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his 50 . He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹) to get ar

29、ound them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 51 the trail again. The only hope was Balto, Kaasens lead dog. Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. The minutes passed

30、 by. Suddenly, Balto began to 53 . He had found the trail. At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog 54 in Nome. Within minutes, Dr. Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered. Nome had been 55 .36. A. examinedB. warnedC. interviewedD. cured37. A. harml

31、ess B. helpless C. fearless D. careless38. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However39. A. airport B. station C. harbor D. border40. A. narrow B. snowy C. busy D. dirty41. A. From B. On C. By D. After42. A. tired B. upset C. pale D. sick43. A. plan B. excuse C. message D. topic44. A. air B. r

32、ail C. sea D. road45. A. carry B. return C. mail D. give46. A. Though B. Since C. When D. If47. A. enter B. move C. visit D. cross48. A. shameful B. boring C. dangerous D. foolish49. A. escape B. bleed C. swim D. die50. A. memory B. exit C. way D. destination51. A. find B. fix C. pass D. change52. A

33、. pretending B. trying C. asking D. learning53. A. run B. leave C. bite D. play54. A. gathered B. stayed C. camped D. arrived55. A. controlled B. saved C. founded D. developed【文章大意】文章讲述了一个人们接力运送药物来救患病儿童的感人故事。1925年1 月份的阿拉斯加北部极其寒冷，由于大雪，诺姆小镇与外界隔绝了。雪上加霜的是，那里的孩子患上了一种致命的传染病白喉。为了拯救孩子们，人们接力运送药品到诺姆。最终，人们通过狗拉

34、的雪橇把药物送到了诺姆。36. A A.examined检查；B.warned警告；C.interviewed 采访，面试；D.cured治愈。医生检查了一个生病的孩子，知道他患上了白喉，故选A。43. A A. plan计划；B. excuse借口；C. message信息；D. topic话题。当地的官员想到了一个计划，故选A。44. B A. air空气；B. rail栏杆，铁轨；C. sea海洋；D. road道路。根据下一段中的from the train at Nenana可知，药物被用火车运到Nenana，故选B。45. A A. carry运送，携带；B. return返回，归

35、还；C. mail邮寄；D. give给。然后再由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把药物接力送到诺姆，故选A。46. C A. Though虽然；B. Since因为，自从；C. When当；D. If如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时，他的脸已经被冻得乌青，故选C。47. D A. enter进入；B. move移动；C. visit拜访；D. cross穿过。根据Norton Sound was covered with ice可知，Norton Sound是一片冰冻的水域，Seppala必须穿过这片水域，故选D。48. C A. shameful惭愧的；B. boring令人厌烦的；C. dangerou

36、s危险的；D. foolish愚蠢的。根据which could sometimes break up without warning可知，这是旅途中最难的一部分，故选C。49. D A. escape逃跑；B. bleed流血；C. swim游泳；D. die死亡。如果掉进寒冷的水中，Seppala会被冻死，诺姆的病童们也会死，故选D。50. C A. memory记忆；B. exit出口；C. way道路；D. destination目的地。根据下一句可知，有的地方被大雪挡住了去路，Seppala不得不绕道行驶，故选C。51. A A. find找到；B. fix固定，安装；C. pass

37、通过；D. change改变。当时的天气状况极差，Seppala找到雪橇轨道是不可能的，只能靠他的狗，故选A。【试题分析】完形填空题的命题特点及答题方法：1. 侧重基础知识，考查学生对语言知识的运用能力完形填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句子结构、掌握语法规则的能力，其中考查实词居多。2. 上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力解完形填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相关的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息，捕捉关键词。例如第39

38、空：A.airport机场； B.station车站；C. harbor 港口；D.border边境。根据so it couldnt come by ship可知，这里指港口结冰，故选C。3. 设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力旨在考查学生在选项都符合语法及句子结构的情况下能否利用前后语境去推断出正确答案。4. 结合生活，考查学生利用常识解题的能力目的是考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。5. 关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况下，通过阅读能否理解句子与句子之间的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌

39、握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。例如第46空：A.Though虽然；B.Since因为，自从；C. When当；D.If如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时，他的脸已经被冻得乌青，故选C。高考试题四体裁题材词数难度建议时间记叙文运送干细胞的经历2565(2016新课标全国卷I阅读理解C篇) I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem ce

40、lls(干细胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time. I had one trip last year where I w

41、as caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:Well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for you there are no flig

42、hts from Washington. So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient please, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom. She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me，re-

43、routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word courier in Parag

44、raph 1?A. providerB. delivery man C. collectorD. medical doctor30. WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours? A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong. B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong. C.Theoperationneedsthatmuch time.D.Theicewontlastanylonger.31. WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst? A.ToLondon.B

45、.ToNewark. C.ToProvidence. D.ToWashington. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。29. B 词义猜测题。根据本段内容Ive done 89 trips和I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。故选B。30. D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句I have 42 hours to【技巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧：1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；2.根

46、据同位关系进行猜测；3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测；4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。 I. 完形填空It is important and necessary for you to learn some knowledge about first aid in your daily life. If a person has an 1, he needs medical care before a 2can be found. When you give first aid, you must 3attention t

47、o three things. First, when a person stops 4, open his/her mouth and see if there is any 5 blocked at the bottom of his/her mouth. Second, if a person cannot breathe, do your best to 6 his/her breathing at once, using a 7way. Third, if a person is hurt 8, try at once to stop 9. Then take him/her to

48、a doctor. If a person _10_ one third of his/her blood, he/she may die. Therefore preventing him/her from bleeding is your first choice.Many accidents 11 happen at home. All parents should know first aid in order to _12_ common 13 which may happen to their children. When a person is 14 by an animal,

49、wash the injury with cold 15 water before he/she is taken to see a doctor. When a person is burnt, wash and 16 the area of the skin 17 a cold tap for a while. Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the 18. If the person is badly burnt, take him/her to the doctor. If a person cuts his/her finger, c

50、lean it and 19 a piece of paper round the cut. _20_ should know some first aid in order to save other peoples lives.1. A. illnessB. accidentC. attackD. event2. A. doctorB. carC. policemanD. medicine3. A. drawB. putC. leaveD. pay4. A. beatingB. thinkingC. breathingD. eating5. A. gameB. objectC. offer

51、D. injury6. A. startB. runC. makeD. allow7. A. mouth-to-mouthB. face-to-faceC. side-by-sideD. hand-in-hand8. A. hardB. fortunatelyC. heavilyD. badly9. A. bleedingB. helpingC. caringD. rescuing10. A. runsB. flowsC. losesD. misses11. A. used toB. mayC. ought toD. must12. A. deal withB. prevent fromC.

52、save upD. get through13. A. incidentsB. affairsC. damagesD. injuries14. A. bittenB. threatenedC. destroyedD. killed15. A. drinkingB. boilingC. runningD. treating16. A. dryB. coolC. packD. cover17. A. underB. onC. offD. beside18. A. woundB. skinC. fleshD. burn19. A. findB. getC. putD. turn20. A. Some

53、bodyB. EverybodyC. AnybodyD. Nobody. 阅读理解AFirst aid means the aid or help that can be given to an injured person first，that is，before any other help arrives. Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first thing we should do，if a serious accident happens，is to telephone for an ambul

54、ance. Sometimes quick action by us may save someones life.ShockPeople often suffer from shock after receiving an injury，sometimes even when the injury is a small one. The face turns grey，and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and

55、 give them a warm drink.Broken bonesDo not move the patient. Send for an ambulance at once. Treat for shock if necessary.BleedingA little bleeding does no harm. It washes dirt from the wound. But if the bleeding continues，try to stop it by placing a clean cloth firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or help arrives.PoisonA person who has taken poiso