第04章形容词和副词

1、第四章 形容词和副词一、形容词和副词在语法功能上的差别1. 形容词的语法功能 (1) 作定语，修饰名词，位于名词前。 (2) 作表语，用来补充说明主语的性质、特征、身份、职业、状态等，位于系动词之后。 (2) 作宾语补足语2. 副词的语法功能： (1) 作状语，修饰形容词，表示程度。 (2) 作状语，修饰谓语动词，表示谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、程度等。 (3) 作表语，用来补充说明主语的状态，位于系动词之后，常见的有in, on, off, away等。3. 当句子中有持续性的时间状语如for +时间段，how long, since时，下列短暂性动词需要变成相对应的副词或形容词： (1

2、) left be away (from) (2) die be dead (3) get up be up (4) start/begin be on(5) get back /come back /go back/return be back (6) come here be here(7) go there be there二、表示否定意义的形容词和副词1. hardly/scarcely/barely seldom never little few no not 三、英语中远、长、宽、高、深等的表达方法数字 + 数词（meters/kilometers/feet/miles）+ awa

3、y/long/wide/high/tall/deep/thick注意：表示距离不能用far四、副词之前的介词省略问题副词home, here, abroad, there, where, upstairs, downstairs之前的介词需要省略五、不定副词somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, 六、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1. 含义：比较级表示两者之间的比较；最高级表示三者或三者以上的比较2. 比较级、最高级的构成： 1)单音节单词和大部分的双音节：(1)以“辅音 + y”结尾的单词，把y改成i后加-er，-est；(2)以不发音字母e结尾的单

4、词，加-r，-st；(3)以重读的“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”音节结尾的单词，(4)其他则直接在单词后加-er,est2)多音节单词和以ly结尾的双音节词，则在词前加more, the most3)特殊构成 (1) much/many more most (2) good/well better best (3) bad/badly/ill worse worst (4) little less least (5) far farther/further farthest/furthest (6) old older/elder oldest/eldest 注意：a. prefer 相当于

5、like better,因此不与表示比较级的词连用。b. last意为最后的，favorite最喜欢的，本身具有最高级的含义，所以不能与最高级连用。 3. 比较级的常考结构：(1) more +形容词或副词原级 + than 比更(2) less +形容词或副词原级 + than没有/不如(3) -er + than 比更(4) as + 形容词或副词原形 + as和一样(5) not as/so + 形容词或副词原形 + as 没有/不如 4. “越来越”的表达方法：(1) -er and er(2) more and more + 原级 5. “越，就越”的表达方法：“the +比较级，t

6、he + 比较级” 6. 倍数的表达方法：(1)基数词 + times + 比较级 + than (2) 基数词+ times + as as 7. 以比较级的结构表示最高级的含义：(1) 比较级 + than any other +单数名词(2) 比较级 + than all the other + 复数名词(3) 比较级 + than anyone else(4) 比较级 + than the others(5) Nobody/No one/None/Nothing + 谓语 + 比较级 + than(6) 主语 + never/hardly + 谓语 + 比较级 + than 8. 可修

7、饰比较级的副词有：much, any, even, no, far, a little, a bit, a lot 9. “尽可能”的表达方法：as +形容词或副词+ as possible(one can)(1) as many as possible(2) as much as possible(3) as soon as possible(4) as often as possible(5) as early as possible(6) as fast as possible(7) as quickly as possible 10. as的特殊结构(1) as long as 长达，

8、只要(2) as far as （距离）远至；只要；据(3) as usual像往常一样(4) as ever/before 像以前(5) than ever/before比以前更 11. 最高级的常考结构：(1) the + 最高级 + of 表示数量范围(2) the + 最高级 + in 表示空间范围(3) the + 最高级 + among 表示数量范围.(4) the + 最高级 + to do(5) the + 最高级 + 定语从句 12. “最之一”和“第个最”的表达方法：(1) one of the +最高级 +复数名词 “最之一”(2) the +序数词 + 最高级 + 单数

9、名词 “第个最”1. （济南04）How long have you _ from the USA? For two weeks.A. come backB. returnedC. got back D. been back2. （陕西04）The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer _ for half an hour.A. has leftB. has goneC. has been awayD. has gone away3. （常州05）How long have you _ your hometown.A. been a

10、way fromB. leftC. arrived in D. come in4. （青海05）He_ our school for two weeks.A. leftB. has leftC. has been away from 5. （贵州05）Walk _, or well be late for the meeting.A. slowlyB. slowC. quickly D. quick6. （重庆05）The Chinese parents always teach their children to be _ to others.A. carefullyB. friendlyC

11、. lovely D. more careful7. （河北05）Write _ and try not to make any mistakes.A. as careful as possibleB. as carefully as you can C. most carefulD. more careful8. （甘肃05）Is someone hurt?Yes, one is hurt, but not_.A. badB. hardC. badly D. much9. （大连05）Last weekend many people went to the concert, _ young

12、people.A. hardlyB. probablyC. mostly D. really10. （山东06）His handbag was stolen on his way back home. _, his keys were on him.A. SurprisinglyB. SadlyC. Luckily D. Hopefully11. （山东06）My teacher asked me if I was worried about the test and I said “No”. But _ I was.A. really B. hardly C. badly D. nearly

13、12. （安徽06）They all looked _ at the teacher when he told them the good news.A. sadlyB. happilyC. carefully D. angrily13. （安徽06）My father doesnt like the color of the tie because it is too _.A. dearB. shortC. thin D. dark14. （临汾06）What did your mother tell you just now?She told me not to ride a bike _

14、. Its too dangerous.A. carefullyB. slowlyC. quickly 15. （宁德06）Tony is very _. He often writes songs, composes(作曲) and paints.A. generousB. creativeC. friendly D. easygoing16. （沈阳06）I dont like eating chocolate. The taste is too _.A. hotB. deliciousC. niceD. sweet17. （昆明06）Talent show in public is _

15、among middle school students.A. trendyB. fashionableC. A and B D. outgoing18. （昆明06）What do you think of the five Friendlies(福娃) for the 2008 Olympic Games?I love them. They are _.A. generousB. cuteC. exotic D. personal19. （青海06）Though it rained _, Yao Mings fans still waited for him outside the hot

16、el.A. stronglyB. heavilyC. hardly 20. （云南06）Ronaldo, Mr Football 1997, is a football star, and he is _.A. quick and skilfulB. slow and carefulC. mad and thankfulD. quiet and beautiful21. （太原06）I think she looks more beautiful with long hair.But I disagree. I really like her _ hair.A. curlyB. shortC.

17、 black 22. （安徽06）Sorry, I am late.It doesnt matter. The film _ on for a few minutes.A. has beenB. was C. will be D. is23. （哈尔滨06）How long _ the film King Kong_? For just several minutes.A. did, beginB. has, begunC. has, been on 24. （南宁08）We believe that we can hold the Beijing Olympic Games _.A. suc

18、cessfulB. successfullyC. success D. succeed25. （河南09）The match was really fantastic, _ when Smith scored in the last minute.A. probablyB. exactlyC. especially D. mostly1. （漳州05）Pass me my glasses, Jack. I can _ read the newspaper without them.A. reallyB. ratherC. hardlyD. clearly2. （陕西05）I hardly kn

19、ew anything about it _ you told me.A. sinceB. after C. until D. when3. （沈阳05）Mr. Zhang speaks so quietly that I can _ hear him.A. hardlyB. easilyC. nearly D. really4. （济南05）Sorry, I can _ hear you because its too noisy here in the room.A. carefullyB. easilyC. nearly D. hardly5. （安徽06）Eating carrots

20、is good for our health.But I dont like them at all and I _ eat them.A. alwaysB. sometimesC. usually D. never6. （南京06）I hate vegetables. I _ eat them.But they are good for your health. You should often eat them.A. seldomB. oftenC. usually D. always7. （漳州06）After a long walk, the man was so tired that

21、 he could _ walk any farther.A. suddenlyB. luckilyC. hardly D. mostly8. （青岛06）Mike could _ hear what the teacher said because he kept on thinking of his sick dog.A. easilyB. hardlyC. reallyD. mostly1. （杭州01）How far is the factory from here?Its about 4 kilometers _.A. farB. longC. away D. near2. （河南0

22、1）The ice in the lake is about one meter _. Its strong enough to skate on.A. longB. highC. thick D. wide3. （济南02）The river is very long and it is about _.A. 20 meters wideB. 15 meters longC. 30 meters highD. 50 meters tall4. （天津08）The Changjiang River is about 6,300 kilometers _.A. longB. tallC. wid

23、e D. high5. （河北01）Its good _ there on time. A. to arrive atB. to getC. to leave D. to ride6. （黑龙江04）Jims sister was badly ill, so he had to _ his home at once.A. arrive inB. set offC. leave for D. go back7. （昆明04）Theres too much noise here. Lets go_.A. quiet everywhereB. somewhere quietC. everywhere

24、 quietD. quiet somewhere1. （太原05）What sports do you like _?Football is my favorite.A. well B. betterC. best 2. （安徽05）The fifth orange is _ of all. Give it to that small child.A. bigB. biggestC. the bigest D. the biggest3. （武汉05）Mary has three brothers. Smith is _ of the three.A. most tallB. the tall

25、estC. taller 4. （北京05）Of all the students, Linda draws _ carefully.A. very B. muchC. more D. most5. （福建05）John is the _ one I want to work with. He is such a lazy boy.A. firstB. lastC. only D. best6. （山西05）Do you prefer grapes _ bananas?I prefer grapes _ bananas.A. to, orB. or, toC. than, to D. or,

26、than7. （河南09）Helen, can I wear jeans and T-shirt to the evening party?OK. But a dress might be_.A. goodB. betterC. bad D. worse1. （北京05）Mobile phones are very popular and they are _ than before.A. cheapB. cheaperC. cheapest D. the cheapest2. （天津05）The population of Tianjin is _ than that of Shanghai

27、.A. largerB. lessC. smaller D. fewer3. （北京05）The air in Beijing is getting much _ now than a few years ago.A. cleanB. cleanerC. cleanest D. the cleanest4. （上海05）Nowadays science fiction isnt as _ as cartoons among teenagers.A. popularB. more popularC. less popularD. the most popular5. （河北05）Write _

28、and try not to make any mistakes.A. as careful as B.C. D. 6. （济南05）The Yellow River is _ the Changjiang River.A. not as long asB. as long asC. not long as D. longer than7. （徐州06）Which do you like _, apples or oranges?A. betterB. goodC. well D. best8. （南京06）Well try our best to do the work with _ mon

29、ey and _ people.A. few, littleB. a few, a littleC. less, fewer D. few, less9. （四川06）We can do the work better with _ money and _ people.A. less, fewerB. fewer, lessC. less, less D. fewer, fewer10. （广东06）Which is _, physics or maths?Physics. And I think it is more useful in our daily life.A. more int

30、erestingB. interestingC. most interestingD. the most interesting11. （江西06）Is your toothache getting better?No, its _.A. badB. seriousC. worse D. the worst12. （广东06）Do you like the two skirts?The yellow one is good but the green one looks _.A. nicerB. niceC. best13. （绍兴06）Which of the Twins sings _?T

31、hey are neck and neck, I think.A. wellB. betterC. best D. the best14. （苏州06）Is your stomachache getting _?No, its worseA. betterB. badC. less D. well15. （安徽06）Why do you all like Betty?Because she is always thinking _ of others than herself.A. a littleB. muchC. much less D. much more16. （哈尔滨06）Mount

32、 Qomolangma, “the roof of the world”, is as _ as 8844.43 meters.A. highB. higherC. highest 17. （武汉06）This reading isnt _ that one.A. as easier asB. so easy thanC. as easy as 18. （陕西06）This year our school is _ than it was last year.A. much more beautifulB. much beautifulC. the most beautifulD. beaut

33、iful19. （天津06）The experts think that Indias population may be _ than Chinas _ 2020.A. much, byB. more, inC. larger, byD. larger, on20. （杭州06）Shark is getting old and cannot jump as _ as he did.A. highB. higherC. highestD. much higher21. （河北06）Write _ and try not to make any mistakes.A. as careful as

34、 possibleB. as carefully as you can C. most carefulD. more careful22. （连云港06）I think Jack does his homework _ than his sister.A. carefulB. more carefullyC. carefully D. more careful23. （安徽06）I think Alice is the right person for the job, because she is always thinking _ of others than of herself.A.

35、muchB. moreC. little D. less24. （临汾06）Have you heard of the good policewoman, Ren Changxia?Yes. She thought of others _ than herself. A. lessB. betterC. more 25. （肇庆06）With Xiao Mings help, Zhang Lin does his homework _ than before.A. much more beautifulB. more carefullyC. much carefully 26. （漳州06）W

36、ho is _, Li Yang and Wu Tong?Wu Tong is.A. smartB. smarterC. very smartD. the smartest27. （昆明06）Jackies aunt cooks meat _ than his mother does.A. wellB. goodC. best D. better28. （青海06）Were proud of the great changes in Xining. Were sure it will be even _ tomorrow.A. goodB. betterC. best 29. （南宁06）Co

37、mputers are very popular now and they are not as _ as before.A. expensiveB. more expensiveC. most expensiveD. the most expensive30. （南充06）The city will have _ trees and _ pollution.A. more, lotB. less, fewerC. more, less 31. （云南06）What a traffic jam! Im late again.Yes, the traffic is _ than it used

38、to be.A. very goodB. even betterC. very bad D. even worse32. （海南06）She eats _ meat than she did last year.Thats why shes getting fatterA. moreB. lessC. fewer D. much33. （福州06）The classroom is _ clean _ it was yesterday.Sorry. I forgot to clean it.A. as, as B. so, asC. not so, as D. more, than34. （太原

39、06）Because of the Internet, we can get information _ than before.A. fastB. fasterC. fastest 35. （河南06）You are standing too near to the TV. Can you move a bit _?OK, mum. Is it all right here?A. fasterB. slowerC. farther D. nearer36. （青岛06）I cant afford the white dress. Can you show me something cheap

40、er?What about this orange one? The price is a little _.A. cheaperB. lowerC. higher D. more expensive37. （青岛06）He has tried on two more blue sweaters, but he still thinks the green one fits him _.A. bestB. betterC. well D. good38. （浙江06）Dick, is Nick your twin brother?Yes, and Im thirty minutes _ tha

41、n him.A. fatterB. tallerC. heavier D. older39. （成都06）This sweater doesnt suit me. Its a bit small. Could you give me _ one?A. a largeB. a largerC. the larger 40. （湘西06）Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _ than before.A. cheapB. cheaperC. cheapest D. the cheapest41. （福州07）What does your

42、cousin look like now?Oh, he is much _ than before.A. strongB. strongerC. strongest D. too strong42. （长沙07）Who gets up _, your father or your mother?My mother.A. earlyB. earlierC. earliest 43. （山西07）Sorry, I took your MP3 by mistake. Ill be _ careful next time.A. mostB. moreC. much 44. （河南07）Im getti

43、ng _ each month. I cant put on my jeans.Im afraid you have to take exercise every day.A. heavyB. heavierC. the heavierD. the heaviest45. （陕西07）You speak English much _ than before.Thank you.A. wellB. betterC. best D. good46. （北京07）Which coat is _ on me, the blue one or the black one?The blue one.A.

44、goodB. betterC. best D. the best47. （上海07）This motorcycle is not as _ as that one, and it uses less gas.A. expensiveB. less expensiveC. more expensiveD. the most expensive48. （河南08）How far is it to the airport? 20 kilometers?No, its _. About 30 kilometers.A. farB. fartherC. the farther D. the farthe

45、st49. （西宁10）Look, this is my new house. How do you like it?Mm, it is beautiful. But it is not _ ours.A. large thanB. so large thanC. so large as D. as larger as50. （河南11）What do you think of the dress?Wonderful. I dont think I can find a _ one.A. good B. betterC. bad D. worse1. （武汉04）Our country _ v

46、ery fast.Yes, I hope it will be _.A. is changed, better and betterB. has changed, better and betterC. has changed, more and more strong D. is changing, stronger and stronger.2. （四川05）In spring the days get longer and longer.A. reachB. becomeC. change 3. （山西05）How do you like our city?I think its bec

47、oming_.A. more beautiful and more beautifulB. more and more cleanerC. more and more beautifulD. clean and clean1. （杭州04）Have you decided which youd like to buy, the black shirt or the pink shirt?Of the two, the pink one is _.A. the nicestB. the nicerC. niceD. nicer2. （常州04）Mrs. Scott was worried abo

48、ut both of her sons, especially _ one.A. youngerB. the youngerC. the youngestD. the oldest1. （云南04）_ you dive into the water, _ you breathe.A. Deeper, harderB. The deeper, the harder C. The deep, the hardD. Deep, hard2. （兰州04）_we work, _we feel.A. The more, the happier B. More, happierC. The much, t

49、he happier D. Much, more happy3. （大连04）The more exercise you take, the _ youll be.A. weakerB. healthierC. luckier D. worse4. （包头05）Our monitor takes more exercise every day, for he believes _ he does, _hell be.A. the less, the strongerB. the more, the thinnerC. the more, the strongerD. more, stronge

50、r5. （河北05）Remember, boys and girls. _ you work, _result you will get.We know, Miss Gao.A. The better, the harderB. The harder, the betterC. The hard, the betterD. The harder, the good6. （大连05）The harder we work, the _ result we will get.A. fasterB. fewerC. better D. smaller7. （兰州06）You know _ you ar

51、e, _ mistakes youll make.A. the careful, the fewB. the more careful, the less C. careful, fewD. the more careful, the fewer8. （天津07）The busier he is, the _ he feels.A. happilyB. happyC. happier D. more happy9. （陕西10）The _ friends you have, the _ you will be.A. more; happyB. many, happyC. more, happierD. many, happier1. （广州01）-I have three English dictionaries.-I have nine. I have three times _ you.A. as much as B. as many asC. as little as D. less than2. （重庆01）The school is three tim