阅读理解词义

1、中考阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧,Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension,一、主旨大意题 （做题要领,1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节,2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论,3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断,正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全,What does the writer mainly tell us? This is a passage about Which of the foll

2、owing best expresses the main idea? Which is the subject discussed in the text? The writer wrote the passage in order to Whats the best title for this passage,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式,技巧解析：主旨大意题主要考查对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句。抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的中心思想,寻找主题句的方法： 1.认真阅读文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句子。 2.文章的主题作

3、者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词,Example,There are many different ways to travel to Paris from London. One of the quickest and most popular ways is by train. From Waterloo Railway Station, you can travel all the way to Paris. The journey takes about three hours. The train, called the Eurostar, is

4、very modern, and the seats are comfortable. You can also travel to France by ship. Another way to travel to Paris is by plane. 80. The passage mainly tells us about_. A. different ways traveling from London to Paris B. international flights from London to Paris C. buses stopping at Ferry Terminal Se

5、ven in Dover,主题句出现在段首： 在议论文和说明文中，一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证或说明细节,Every 30 seconds there is an earthquake. But dont worry because most are so weak that they cannot be. felt. Only a few big ones hurt people. Many earthquakes happened in China, such as the big one in Sichuan last month. Thousands of peo

6、ple died in it. So its important to know what to do when one hits. Here are some tips on how to stay safe in an earthquake. 1. If you are indoors during an earthquake, hide (躲藏) under a desk. Stay away from windows and anything that could fall on you. 69. The best title of this passage is _. A. How

7、dangerous the earthquake is B. How to be safe during an earthquake C. Dont be afraid of the earthquake,主题句也可能出现在段尾： 作者先摆出事实依据，或者提出问题，然后层层推进，提出解决方法，然后后文再进一步详述。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，是全文的主题句，下文按照主题句进行展开,Weve talked about snails (蜗牛) and their slow move. But much of the time snails dont move at all. They are

8、in their shells (壳) sleeping. Hot sun will dry out a snails body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into his shell. A snail will die in a heavy rain. So when it rains, a snail does the same thing, too. A snail can sleep for as long as it needs to. It spends all the winter month

9、s in its shell, asleep. In the spring the snail wakes up. Its body, about three inches long, comes out from the shell. When hungry, the snail looks for food. Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers (触角), are very weak. But its sense (感觉) of smell is very strong. It helps the snail to find food and t

10、he new greens. A snails mouth is no bigger than the point of a pin (大头针). Yet it has 256,000 teeth! The teeth are very small, and you cant see them. If you put a snail in a hard paper box, it will eat its way out! And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones,文章的主题也可能以高频词的形式出现。本文并没有出现明确的

11、主题句，但细看之下会发现，文章中“snail”这个词出现的频率高达13次，是整篇文章中出现频率最高的词汇。snail既是文章说明的对象，又是文章的主题,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,主旨大意题,In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-ei

12、gn cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable

13、(不能满足的）society,Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph A. GM is one of the largest car producers. B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia. C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers. D. The flood of the cheaper f

14、oreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers,A In every little girls toy box, there might be a Barbie Doll. Barbie is 50 years old this year. It was designed in 1959 by an American businesswoman named Ruth Handler. She and her husband Elliott started the toy company Mattel. She named the new dol

15、l after their daughter Barbara. The first Barbie Doll appeared at the toy fair (交易会) New York on March 9th, 1959. This date is used as Barbies birthday. Mattel sold three hundred thousand Barbie Dolls in the first year at a price of three dollars. Today, a fifty-year-old Barbie in good condition mig

16、ht cost more than twenty-seven thousand dollars. Mattel says 90% of the girls in the United States aged from three to ten own at least one Barbie Doll. And girls aged three to six own an average (平均) of about twelve. When Mattel created Barbie Dolls half a century ago, they never thought this doll w

17、ould become a legend. Now Barbie Dolls are famous all over the world. They are sold in one hundred and fifty countries, and every second three Barbie Dolls are sold around the world. 65. Whats the best title of the passage? A. Barbies birthday B. Barbie Dolls C. A lovely girl named Barbie D. Why are

18、 Barbies popular,B School life should be some of the best and happiest days of our lives. We shouldnt waste this wonderful time. Dont say things are difficult and boring. Dont be too disappointed if things sometimes go badly. Dont let small problems seem very big. Be confident, go and play sports, w

19、ork on a project, or help someone with problems. There are always a lot of things to do to relax yourself and make you happy. 60. What can we learn from the passage? A. How to get high scores. B. How to be relaxed and happy. C. How to make friends with foreigners,1.At East China University of Scienc

20、e and Technology, students will get a coupon (优惠券) if they eat up their food. 2.Students can collect coupons and exchange them for small gifts, such as books, magazines, mobile phone covers and hand warmers. Its been such a surprise, . 3.The measure is part of a national eat-up campaign(行动) . 4. Why

21、 only on campuses, you might ask? . 5.The campaign . 6.The aim of the . 7. But some school food is poorly prepared, so students do not like to finish it all. . 8. “Im glad that weve reduced food waste since the eat-up campaign began. But if we call on students to waste less food, we should also impr

22、ove the service and food standard on campuses.” 【2013福州,70. The best title for this passage may be _. A. Enjoy Your Food! B. Reduce Waste on Campus C. Meals in Universities. D. Eat-up Campaign on Campus,1. In nature, you may see many insects (昆虫）and animals of different colors. Have you ever wondere

23、d why? 2. Locusts are super delicious food for birds,but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them. 3. Brown bears,tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. 4. However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to survive,

24、they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.【2013广东,65. What is the main ides of this passage? A. Some insects and animals have different skills. B. Some insects and animals are clever than we think. C. Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves. D. Some insec

25、ts and animals can get used to the environment easily,1.The Vieira family moved to the United States in 1981. At that time, they decided to stop speaking Spanish at home and only communicate in English. This was because they were now living in an English-speaking country. 2. Now the Vieira children

26、are adults, and they sometimes travel to Spain to visit their family and friends. . 3.One advantage of speaking more than one language is that you can communicate directly with more people around the world. . 4.Furthermore, speaking a second language also allows people to experience other cultures a

27、nd customs more effectively. . 5.Finally, having more multi-language speakers improves relationships between countries. . 6. The benefits of knowing more than one language are clear. In fact, there are no disadvantages. It is very sad that many people dont try to learn another language. It is even w

28、orse when people let themselves forget their mother language and become silenced. 56. What is the passage mainly about? A. The benefits of learning other languages. B. The reasons why people come to America. C. The importance of learning English. D. How to learn another language,Reading is a good ho

29、bby for all kinds of reasons. First, reading is fun. You can always keep yourself happy if like reading. You will never feel bored or tired. Next, you can read a book anywhere- in a car, on a plane, or even in the bathroom. All you need is a book! Another good reason for reading is that it is useful

30、. . Some people say that reading is out of date (过时的). . Good readers may become writers, too. They always have more things to write about. . Reading is a wonderful hobby. Why not start reading right now? 【2012北京】 85. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Reading is a good hobby. B. You can read

31、on computers. C. Good readers must be good writers,Have you ever beard of Iceland? Iceland is a country, one-tenth of which is covered with ice. However, it is said that Iceland is the land of heat. Smoking volcanoes (火山), white steam (蒸汽) and hot springs are more amazing than the other sights inclu

32、ding ice there. It has taken millions of years for volcanoes and lava flows (熔岩流) to build Iceland. . Like steam vents, hot springs can be seen here and there in the ancient lava fields Iceland is one of the few places on the Earth where active volcanoes lie below ice. Heat from the volcanoes create

33、s a strange and wild beauty. Therefore, some people believe that its better to call the country “Heatland” instead of Iceland. If you have a chance to travel there, take it. 【2013哈尔滨】 () 50. The best title for this passage should be . A. THE HISTORY OF ICELAND B. THE HOT SPRING OF BLUE LAKE C. THE H

34、EAT IN ICELAND,1.In the 1920s and 30s the airlines were just beginning. It was unusual for people to travel by air because it was expensive and dangerous. In those days, there were no flight attendants to look after the passengers. Young men ,or “stewards” helped the passengers onto the airplane and

35、 carried the passengers luggage(行李)but they did not provide food and drinks. But then in 1930,a woman called Ellen Church invented the “stewardess”. 2.Ellen Church was born in 1904 on a farm in Iowa. . 3.Ellen was twenty-five years old when she first got in touch with Boeing Air Transport. She loved

36、 4.The young woman from Iowa and seven other nurses became the first air stewardesses. 5.At first pilots were unhappy because they did not want stewardesses on airplanes, but passengers loved the stewardesses. . In the 1970s, stewardesses were unhappy in their job and airlines had to make some chang

37、es. Since the 1970s, “stewardesses” have been called flight attendants. They are well paid and work fewer hours than in the past.【2013杭州,55.( )The passage mainly talks about _. A. the background of early flying pilots B. the experience of flying passengers C. the history of early flight attendants D

38、. the development of airplanes,1. It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs. In other words, they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education dont. It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs. But

39、 this isnt accepted by all people. 2.Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living. 3. Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man. 4.I would agree that making a good living is an important reason for educatio

40、n, but certainly not the most important or the main reason,70. The passage mainly tells us that _. A. education should make a man improve B. people can get education in a short time C. people should be able to get better paying jobs D. all subjects are so important for a way of living,1.Jessie felt

41、her life so boring one summer day. She was tired of watching TV, she read all her books, and her friends were on vacation. She wanted something different to do. Suddenly, she saw the lawn mower(割草机) sitting in the yard. 2.“Mom,” she shouted, “I think I will mow the lawn.” Her mom ran into the yard a

42、nd said, “Oh no, you dont. Youre too young to mow the law.”. 3.Later that day, Dad came home and said to Jessies mom, “You didnt have to mow the lawn. . 4.The neighbor next door came by and asked Jessie if she wanted to mow his lawn and make some money. “Sure!” said Jessie. Jessie began mowing his l

43、awn. Two other neighbors asked so, then another three. Jessie was now mowing lawns for them all and making some money. She was no longer bored! “I wont have time to spend my money,” she laughed to herself.【2013河南,) 50. What does the text mainly tell us? A. Neighbors should learn to help each other.

44、B. Mowing the lawn is a good way to make money. C. Doing something helpful can make people happy. D. Children should help their parents at an early age,1.Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen. Som

45、etimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect. It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning(推理的) skills. Think about all the things you know that could be reas

46、ons for the effect you can see. 2.For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. 3.Now, think about a second example. 4.Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect. Cait, 13, was trying to fall asleep when her 8-year-old brother, Doug, came into her room. He look

47、ed around a bit, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while. Little brothers can be very strange, but this was really much too strange. Caits father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking. Whats

48、 the cause end effect, could you tell,) 55. What is the best title for the next? A. Truth and lies B. Work and sleep C. Cause and effect D. Life and dreams 【2013河南中考,1.Nathan Sawayas childhood was a lot of fun. He drew cartoons, wrote stories, and played with plastic toy bricks (积木). His grandparent

49、s bought his first set of toy bricks when he was five years old and hes been building with toy bricks ever since. He even took his building bricks to college with him! Instead of books and a computer, he had a model of Greenwich Village made of bricks on his desk. 2.Nathan started as a lawyer but ga

50、ve up His highly-paid (高薪的) job to become an artist that uses toys in his art. 3. Nathans work has appeared in museums around the world. . 4. Im proud that I took a dream I had as a child, to become an artist, and I have actually made a job out of it, says Nathan. To do what you love in life is the

51、most important thing,72. What would be the best title for the passage? A. The Brick Artist B. The Brick Exhibition C. Toy Bricks for Adults D. The Artists Childhood 【2013江西,1.Should we be afraid of sharks? Maybe not. New research into the reasons for shark attacks (攻击) suggests that sharks dont like

52、 the way humans taste! In fact, most people who are attacked by the shark are still alive after receiving only one bite (咬). Why is this? 2. There are many opinions to explain why sharks sometimes attack people. 3. Scientists also say that sharks would not waste energy trying to eat a human, as we h

53、ave a lot of bones (骨头) 4.Another opinion is that sharks attack humans by mistake. Some sharks may sometimes mistake humans for a seal. 5.Whatever the reason for shark attacks on humans, sharks should be afraid of us. Sadly, we kill almost 40 million of them each year,76. What would the author write

54、 the passage mainly for?【2013江西】 A. To tell surfers to stay away from sharks. B. To ask people to stop killing sharks. C. To let us know the reasons for shark attacks on people. D. To show that humans are much stronger than sharks,1.Will you be excited when you finally get to relax? 2. What will the

55、 Junior 3 students do to celebrate after the senior high school entrance exams in June? 3.My friends and I will travel to Beijing and the Shanghai Expo right after the exam. 4. What am I going to do this summer? 5.I will, no doubt, play computer games for days after the big exam. My mother never let

56、 me during the past few years. I cant imagine how exciting it will be now. Also my friends and I will go to see the Shanghai Expo. The first must-see on my list is the Liaoning Pavilion, our home pavilion. Im curious (好奇的) about what we are showing to the world there,55. What is the best title for t

57、his passage? A. A Plan To The Shanghai Expo B. Summer fun ahead! C. A trip To Shanghai D. The Big Exam 【2013三亚,1.Different weather makes people feel different. It influences health, intelligence(智力) and feelings. 2.In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. 3.The we

58、ather can also influence intelligence. 4.Weather also has a strong influence on peoples feelings. . 5.Low air pressure(气压) may make people forgetful(健忘). People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. People feel best at a temperature of about 18. 6.Are you feeling sad, tired, fo

59、rgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the weathers problem,65.Which is the best title(标题) for this passage？ A. Hot Weather Causes Health Problems B. Different Weather Makes People Feel Bad C. Weather Influences Feelings D. Weather Influences Health, Intelligence and Feelings 【2013三亚,1.Chuck Wall teaches management and human relations at Bakersfield College. He walked into class one day and told his students that their homework was to perform one act of random(任意的) kindness. His students did not understand the homework and didnt know what to do, but the professor woul