大豆论文：基于SSR标记的中国东北大豆育成品种遗传多样性及育种性状的关联分析

1、 大豆论文：基于SSR标记的中国东北大豆育成品种遗传多样性及育种性状的关联分析【中文摘要】大豆是中国主要的粮食和经济作物,是油脂、蛋白质及保健活性物质的重要来源。东北是中国大豆的主产区,我国在1923-2005年共育成了1300个大豆品种,其中东北育成682个。本研究利用均匀分布于大豆核基因组20个连锁群的157个SSR和29个EST-SSR分子标记对140份东北地区大豆育成品种开展了如下研究：(1)分析我国东北地区大豆育成品种的遗传多样性,探讨不同地理和时期群体的遗传特异性和互补性。(2)分析东北地区大豆育成品种群体遗传结构。(3)分析东北地区大豆育成品种的连锁不平衡及其衰减,在此基础上,对

2、育种性状QTL进行关联定位。结果如下：1、140份东北地区大豆育成品种186对引物共检测出878个等位变异,平均每个位点等位变异数是4.72个,位点平均多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.482。利用SSR标记进行东北地区大豆育成品种遗传关系无根树状聚类将东北地区大豆育成品种分成三个亚群,三个亚群分别由黑龙江大豆育成品种、吉林大豆育成品种、辽宁大豆育成品种主要组成,其中黑龙江亚群又可分为3个小亚群。分省亚群无根树状聚类分析显示,黑龙江与吉林大豆育成品种遗传关系较近,与辽宁大豆育成品种遗传关系较远。分时期亚群无根树状聚类分析显示祖先亲本与1971-1990亚群遗传关系较近；2001-2005与1991

3、-2000之间遗传关系较近,与祖先亲本关系较远。2、东北地区大豆分省亚群、分时期亚群间的特有、特缺等位变异分析显示：黑龙江、吉林、辽宁特有等位变异数分别为97、22、27；特缺等位变异数为30、65、75；祖先亲本、1923-1970、1971-1990、1991-2000、2001-2004亚群特有等位变异数为15、10、9、21、30；特缺等位变异数为73、25、20、4、1。这一结果显示,黑龙江大豆不论是在补充等位变异上,还是特有等位变异上,都具有拓展吉林和辽宁大豆遗传多样性的潜在应用价值,这得益于黑龙江大豆所处地域辽阔、遗传丰富、亲本来源广泛等因素。分时期亚群间的结果显示出,随着时间的

4、推移,东北地区大豆近期育成品种的遗传多样性相较旧的育成品种有所增加。但是近期育成品种间的遗传基础却日趋狭窄,导致近期育成品种群体遗传基础的单一性。3、基于STRUCTURE软件进行的Hardy-Weinberg平衡模型聚类,将140份东北大豆育成品种分为5个亚群,将矫正后的群体结构作为协变量进行关联分析。在P0.5的比例占总位点组合的9.48%,其中,共线性组合和非共线性组合D平均值分别为0.44和0.37,D0.5的比例分别为24.46%和7.69%。基于SPSS软件的共线SSR位点D值和遗传距离(cM)的衰减散点图显示,东北地区大豆育成品种LD衰减(D0.5)所延伸的最小距离很小,表明衰减

5、的很快,且随着位点间遗传距离的增大,位点间连锁不平衡强度呈现降低趋势。【英文摘要】Soybean is the major food and cash crop in China, and is an important source of fat, protein and health-care active substance. Northeast China is the main soybean producing area. A total of 1300 soybean cultivars had been released in China from 1923 to 2005,

6、including 682 from northeast China. Based on the previous research, 140 northeast soybean cultivars were conducted in the following research by 157 SSR markers and 29 EST-SSR markers uniformly distributed in the nuclear genome of 20 LGs. (1) Analysis of the genetic diversity of soybean cultivars in

7、northeast China and exploration of the genetic specificity and complementary in different location and at various periods. (2) Analysis of population genetic structure of northeast soybean cultivars. (3) Analysis of LD and attenuation of northeast soybean cultivars. Then breeding traits QTL are loca

8、ted. The results are as follows:1. There were 878 alleles of genetic richness,4.72 alleles per locus,0.482 of average PIC inside of the released cultivar population detected by 186 SSR markers. According to the Neighbor-Join clustering method, northeast soybean cultivars were divided into three subg

9、roups composed of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning soybean cultivar. Besides, Heilongjiang subsets can be divided into 3 small subgroups. According to provincial cluster analysis, Heilongjiang Is closed to Jilin and far from Liaoning. According to period cluster analysis, Ancestor is closely related

10、 to the 1971-1990 sub-groups and distinctly related to 2001-2005 sub-groups.2. Analysis of specificity and deficiency of northeast soybean cultivars between different provincial and periodic subpopulations shows, (1) There are 97,22 and 27 special alleles in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning respecti

11、vely. There are 30,65 and 75 deficient alleles in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning respectively. (2) Deficient alleles in provincial subpopulations and period subpopulations are 30,65,75 and 73, 25,20,4,1, respectively. According to these results, Heilongjiang soybean cultivars, on both supplementar

12、y allelic variation and specific allelic variation, have the potential application value to expand genetic diversity of Jilin and Liaonings soybean cultivars, which benefits from vast territory, rich genetic and parents wide variety of sources.new genetic diversity of Released cultivar increased com

13、pared with old ones. But, recently, the genetic basis of northeast soybean cultivars became increasingly narrow, leading to the unity of the genetic basis of population.3. Total 140 northeast soybean cultivars can be clusted into five subpopulation based on the Hardy-Weinberg model detected by STRUC

14、TURE software, the rectificatory population structure as the co-variable for association mapping. Under the significant level of p0.005, association mapping results showed that,38 SSR and EST-SSR markers associated with seven breeding target traits (days to flowering, plant height,100-seed weight, c

15、ontent of moisture, content of total protein, content of fat, mix of protein and fat). There were a few locus associated with two or more traits simultaneously, which might be the genetic reason of correlation among traits or pleiotropic phenomena. In addition,11 associated markers were in agreement

16、 with mapped QTLs from FBL mapping procedure. Satt134 associated with plant height was the highest explained trait (0.26, p0.000001) in this study.4. LD analysis of total 140 northeast soybean cultivars by TASSEL software shows that among 17205 locus pairs from 186 SSR locus of 20 LGs, the different

17、 degrees of LD were detected not only among syntenic markers but also among nonsyntenic ones. With statistical probabilitys support, there are 1245 coupled locus which accounts for 7.24% of gross amount of locus pairs, the number of syntenic LD locus is 139, accounting for 11.17% of LD pairs. Davera

18、ge value among 1245 LD pairs is 0.38, the part of greater than 0.5 accounting for 9.48% of total LD pairs. D average value among syntenic and nonsyntenic pairs is 0.44 and 0.37, the part of greater than 0.5 accounting for 24.46% and 7.69%. Synteny pairs of SSR and decay scatter chart of genetic dist

19、ance by SPSS software shows that LD of northeast soybean cultivars decayed fast because of the minimum distance extended by LD decay was very small.As the genetic distance between locus increases, the strength of LD between locus showed decreasing trend.【关键词】大豆 育成品种 群体结构 关联分析【英文关键词】soybean cultivars

20、 released population structure association analysis【目录】基于SSR标记的中国东北大豆育成品种遗传多样性及育种性状的关联分析摘要3-5Abstract5-6第1章 文献综述11-201.1 中国大豆育成品种概况11-121.1.1 大豆的分类地位111.1.2 中国大豆育种进展11-121.2 大豆种植资源及遗传多样性的研究12-151.2.1 大豆种植资源研究的重要性和紧迫性12-131.2.2 遗传多样性的涵义及研究意义13-141.2.3 大豆育成品种遗传多样性研究方法141.2.4 以分子标记为基础的大豆品种遗传多样性研究14-151

21、.3 关联分析及其研究进展15-181.3.1 关联分析的概念和特点15-161.3.2 关联分析的方法161.3.3 连锁不平衡关联分析的基础16-171.3.4 大豆关联分析的研究进展17-181.4 本研究的目的和技术路线18-20第2章 材料与方法20-262.1 试验材料20-212.2 田间试验设计与农艺性状调查和测量方法212.3 分子标记选择212.4 基因组DNA提取、PCR扩增及SSR分析21-222.4.1 基因组DNA提取与PCR扩增21-222.4.2 PCR扩增产物的电泳检测222.5 数据分析22-262.5.1 遗传丰富度222.5.2 多态信息量22-232.

22、5.3 特有、特缺、互补等位变异232.5.4 遗传距离232.5.5 群体遗传结构232.5.6 东北大豆育成品种群体LD的衡量23-242.5.7 大豆育成品种群体关联分析24-26第三章 我国1923-2005东北大豆育成品种遗传多样性研究26-343.1 我国1923-2005东北地区大豆育成品种分省亚群间遗传多样性26-283.1.1 分省亚群间的遗传多样性26-273.1.2 分省亚群间的互补等位变异273.1.3 分省亚群间的特有、特缺等位变异27-283.2 我国1923-2005东北地区大豆育成品种分时期亚群间遗传多样性28-293.2.1 分时期亚群间的遗传多样性283.2.2 分时期亚群间的互补等位变异28-293.2.3 分时期亚群间的特有、特缺等位变异293.3 我国1923-2005东北地区大豆育成品种基于遗传距离的聚类分析29-323.3.1 品种间聚类分析29-313.3.2 分省亚群间聚类分析313.3.3 分时期亚群间聚类分析31-323.4 分析与讨论32-343.4.1 对分省、分时期亚群遗传多样性结果的分析与讨论32-333.4.2 对东北地区大豆育成品种聚