高中英语 Unit 3 Computers Section Ⅲ Grammar 新人教版必修2

1、Section Grammar,一,二,一、阅读下列句子,选出含有被动结构的句子 1.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001. 2.The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives. 3.I have never been able to look at a snail since th

2、en. 4.He has gone home,because he promised that he would visit his mom. 5.He has been always talking with his girlfriend. 6.He has been beaten by his father. 7.We have been told not to stare at a stranger. 8.She has gone to Guangzhou. 9.My homework has been done already. 10.The house has been built

3、by the young workers,一,二,含有被动的句子: 答案:1,2,6,7,9,10,一,二,二、请用现在完成时态翻译下列句子 1.我的朋友买了一辆新车。 2.一种不知名的病毒进攻了我的电脑。 3.我们还没有解决那些问题。 4.你完成工作了吗? 5.我没有见过你的书,答案:My friend has bought a new car,答案:An unknown virus has attacked my puter,答案:We havent solved those problems,答案:Have you finished the work,答案:I havent seen y

4、our book,Grammar:现在完成时的被动语态 1.现在完成时的被动语态主要有以下几个方面的意义: 1)表示发生在过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响,而且这个动作是被动的。 翻译句子: 【高考典句】(2015天津高考) Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement has been agreed so far by the two sides. 翻译: 答案:尽管之前经过多轮谈判,但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。 2)表示在过去发生的,一直延续到现在的并可能持续下去的被动动作或状态。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于“

5、How long.?”句型中,单句填空: As you know,paper money (use)for over a thousand years. 答案:has been used 3)用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You can go home as soon as your homework has been finished. 作业一做完你就可以回家,2.使用现在完成时的被动语态应注意的问题: 1)在现在完成时的被动语态中,have/has和been缺一不可。 阅读下列句子,指出哪些句子是现在完成时的被动语态

6、: The puter was bought last Sunday. I have been shown how to get along with such people. They have decided to finish the work as soon as possible. The desk has been repaired by Mr Li. 现在完成时的被动语态的句子: 答案,2)注意现在完成时被动语态与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状

7、态对现在造成的结果或影响。 翻译句子: The machine has been repaired.(说明动作发生在过去,对现在有影响,即:修好了。) 翻译: 答案:机器已经修好了。 The machine was repaired yesterday.(只说明动作发生在昨天。) 翻译: 答案:机器昨天被修理了,3)不可与具体的时间状语连用(如yesterday,three days ago,in 1970,in 2050等),但可与不确定的时间状语连用(如already,yet,just,often,recently,in the past few years等)。 单句填空: Many f

8、reeways (build)across China in the past few years. 答案:have been built 4)有些动词像finish,buy,start,begin等,表示的动作很短暂,我们称之为短暂性动词或非延续性动词。它们构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与for,since构成的短语或引导的句子连用,也不能用于“How long.?”句型中。 翻译句子: 11那项工作已经开始。 答案:That job/work has been started,5)带有双宾语的动词,如:give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,si

9、ng,write,read,sell,buy,ask,pay,borrow,lend,offer,hand,pass,get,promise等,变为被动语态时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语。 变式训练: 12主动语态:I have given him the book.(改为被动语态) 被动语态1: 答案:He has been given the book (by me). 被动语态2: 答案:The book has been given to him (by me,6)带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的动词变为现在完成时的被动语态时,应将宾语变为主语,原来的宾语补足语保留。主动语态中省略to

10、的不定式作宾补的,被动语态中要还原to。 13主动语态:I have asked him to help you.(改为被动语态) 被动语态: 答案:He has been asked to help you (by me). 14主动语态:I have made him work hard.(改为被动语态) 被动语态: 答案:He has been made to work hard (by me,7)短语动词变为现在完成时的被动语态时,要注意保持短语动词的完整性,动词后面原有的介词或副词不可遗漏。此类短语动词有: a.动词+介词 look after,call on,rely on,loo

11、k for,look at,listen to,dream of,meet with,laugh at,result in,wait for,do with,deal with,operate on,refer to,think of等 b.动词+名词+介词 pay attention to,make use of,take part in,keep an eye on,make fun of,catch sight of,set fire to,take hold of,take note of,take care of等 c.动词+副词 turn on,turn off,turn out,

12、carry on,carry out,think over,make up,set up,put down,hand in,point out,call up等,变式训练: 15主动语态:He has referred to the book.(改为被动语态) 被动语态: 答案:The book has been referred to (by him). 16主动语态:He has thought of a way of doing it.(改为被动语态) 被动语态: 答案:A way of doing it has been thought of (by him,8)现在完成时变为被动语态

13、应注意的几个问题: a.有些动词和动词短语没有被动形式,也不可用其过去分词作后置定语,如:break out,belong to,arrive,die,bee,disappear,take place,happen等。 单句改错: 17A war between the two countries has been broken out. 答案:去掉been 18As you know,great changes have been taken place in our city. 答案:去掉been,b.动词get,buy,sing,cook,fetch,make,spare,find等现在完成时的主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前常加介词for;其他动词的间接宾语前常加介词to。 单句填空: 19A present has been bough