同位语从句 (2)

1、Grammar,同位语,同位语与其前的词或短语表达的是同一事物。如： The fact that she is ill should be considered. 同位语从句的先行词多为 fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,同位语有时也可位于与之同位的名词前。如： Normally a timid boy, Tom jumped into the river and saved the drowning girl. 关联词多用从属连词,1. 名词作同位语 Mr Wang, my childs teacher,

2、will be visiting us on Tuesday. 王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。 2.短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children. 我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子,3. 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?” 但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4

3、. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes. 巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊,从属连词,1.从属连词： that , whether,1) 连词 that 引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的 that 不能省略） e.g: The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.(作 idea的同位语) e.g: His delay is due to t

4、he fact that the car went wrong halfway.(作 delay 的同位语) e.g: The news that our team has won the match is true. (作 news 的同位语) e.g: He presented evidence that his article was based on original research.(作 evidence 的同位语,e.g: He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 e

5、.g: The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定,2) 连词 whether 引导同位语从句（注：if 不能引导同位语从句,2.连接代词：what, who, whom, whose, which , whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever 引导同位语从句,e.g: I have no idea what size shoes she wears.( what 作定语) e.g: I have n

6、o idea which wine is best its a matter of personal taste.( which 作定语) e.g: The question who will take his place is still not clear.( who 作主语) e.g: These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them,3.连接副词：when, where , how, why 引导同位语从句,e.g: We havent yet settled the question wh

7、ere we are going to spend our summer vacation. e.g: You have no idea how worried I was. e.g: My original question , why he did it at all , has not been answered,同位语从句-特殊形式,1.间隔同位语从句 当主语和位于比较短的时候，同位语从句常被分离。 主语(本位语)+谓语+同位语从句 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy s

8、ome flowers for my mothers birthday 简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句,当由于表达不同意义的需要，同位语从句也会被句子其它成分隔开,一、 被状语隔开 We have no idea at all that he has gone. 我们一点儿都不知道他已经走了。 二、 被定语隔开 Far from the truth are the words given by the observer that John was not murdered. 约翰不是被谋杀的,目击者所说的这些话远远不符合事实,2.suggestion,r

9、equest和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。 She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once. 她请求立即请医生来。 简析：suggestion，order，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式，其中should一词可省略,3.短语及固定句式后的同位语从句 I will come on condition that John

10、is invited. 如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。 简析：短语on condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式 there be + no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,) 后的that从句为同位语从句,不同连词引导的同位语从句,引导同位语从句的连词除that,whether外，还可以用how, when, where, why, 等。 （注：if

11、,which 不能引导同位语从句。） He cant answer the question how he got the money. I should like to know the reason why you changed the plan. I have no idea when she will be back,1. 连词that引导同位语从句 （注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略） The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的

12、。（作idea的同位语） 【注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了,2. 连词whether引导同位语从句 The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。 【注意】whether 可引导同位语

13、从句，但if不能引导同位语从句,3.其它引导词引导的同位语从句 连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears. 我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语） 2).I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste. 我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。（which作定语） 3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （w

14、ho作主语,4. 连接副词引导同位语从句 when, where, how, why We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定,抽象名词,fear question theory news ability feeling advice announcement argument belief claim conclusion decision evidence explanation fact feeling hope idea

15、impression information knowledge message news opinion order probability promise proposal remark reply report saying statement suggestion thought treat warning wish,同位语从句和定语从句的区别: 如果that作从句中的某一成分,则是定语从句,如果that不作从句中的任何成分,则是同位语从句。 例: (1). I had no idea that it was so late. (主系表结构,that 不作从句中的成分,同位语从句) (

16、2).I still remember the place that we visited last year,填入适当的连接词, 并判断是定语从句还 是同位语从句. 1.The fact _ he used to be a thief is known to us. 2. We were surprised by the fact _ she told us. 3. The next thing _ must be done is to make a plan. 4. Word came _ our army had won the battle. 5. The president had

17、given an order _ everyone in the country should prepare for war _ might last for several years,that,that / which,that,that,that,that,6. Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a hurricane is likely to come. 7. There is no doubt _ he has told a lie. 8. You have no idea _ anxious I was! 9. The coat i

18、s in the place _ you left it. 10. Then across the question about _ we were to get the machines needed,that,that,how,where,where,Choose the best one: The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what

19、C. which D. why 3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C. / D. it,A,A,B,B,5. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D. / 6. Ive come from the government with a m

20、essage _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what,A,B,D,C,9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient