数控技术和数控装备

1、翻译资料(英文)NC technology and NC equipmentNC technology and NC equipment manufacturing industry is an important foundation for modernization. This is the basis of a strong direct impact on the countrys economic development and comprehensive national strength, and bearing on a countrys strategic position

2、. Therefore, the worlds industrialized countries have taken significant steps to develop their own technologies and their industrialization NC. In China, the CNC technology and equipment development has also been a high degree of attention in recent years has made considerable progress. Particularly

3、 in the area of general computer numerical control, PC-based platform for domestic CNC systems, has been at the forefront of the world. China, however, is in NC technology research and development industries also have many problems, particularly in the ability of technological innovation and commerc

4、ialization process, and other aspects of market share is even more conspicuous. In the arrival of the new century, how to effectively solve these problems, Chinas NC areas along the path of sustainable development, from the overall comprehensive entered the ranks of the advanced world, we in the int

5、ernational competition in a pivotal position, will be NC research and development departments and manufacturers facing the important task. To accomplish this task, first of all, must be established in line with Chinas national conditions and development. Therefore, this article from the overall stra

6、tegic and technical level and two line CNC system, functional components, NC complete machine, and several specific aspects of the development in the new century means. 1 Development with Chinese characteristics and a new generation of PC NC system NC system is the core of all types of CNC equipment

7、, first through the development of scientific and technological innovation with Chinese characteristics, the new NC system, will be to promote the industrialization process of NC effective technical means. Practice has proven that the past 10 years we are moving in the PC NC road is completely corre

8、ct. PC machines (including industrial PC) output is big, cheap, technological progress, and quickly improve performance, and high reliability (MTBF host PC industry has reached 30 3). Therefore, as a CNC system with the hardware and software platform can greatly improve the cost-NC system, but also

9、make full use of existing generic computer hardware and software resources and sharing the latest achievements in the field of computers, such as large memory capacity, high - color display, multimedia information exchange, networking and communications. In addition, as the common computer platform

10、can also access NC rapid technological progress, when PC-upgrading, NC system can also be corresponding upgrades to maintain long-term technical advantages in the competition to be invincible. At present, the PC architecture CNC system comes in two main forms: (1) for the front of the PC and NC comp

11、osite structure; (2) General and PC-card-hierarchical structure. Another is the development of a number of distributed architecture. DSP will be its programmer is composed of digital servo through the media, such as fiber optic cable network to link up with the NC device, the NC formed a complete sy

12、stem. Although the performance of this system is very good, but because of the high costs of development and production, the recent difficult to be accepted by domestic users. We believe that the above-mentioned structure is not in line with Chinas national conditions the best solution to Chinas nat

13、ional conditions should be all full-function CNC Softwares integrated structure, such as the structure of the smallest hardware, and is conducive to lower system costs, but, more importantly, can effectively improve the reliability of the system. Decades of experience show that the reliability of do

14、mestic CNC system is good or bad can the key to development. Although the NC system reliability impact of a number of factors, but the large-scale hardware and the hardware manufacturers lower level of reliability tend to pose the greatest threat. Previously, domestic CNC system in the design, the l

15、imit for a variety of reasons, do not have to use too much technical indicators ordinary CPU, so, for the completion of the complex function NC often need more CPU to component systems, and sometimes plus some special need or common hardware circuit NC system to achieve real-time high of some functi

16、ons (such as small interpolation, position servo control, etc.), resulting in large-scale system hardware. NC system for small quantities of such products in the country under the conditions of the existing process, it is difficult from the perspective of hardware manufacturers ensure that the relia

17、bility of the system As a result, domestic production in the NC system at the poor performance of the domestic few control system the image and reputation of a serious impact makes many users now also fear. Therefore, we in the development of the new NC system, priority should be given to selection

18、of new high-performance CPU (such as the high-speed Pentium II, Pentium III, etc.) as a system and control core computing, and software to achieve as far as possible all the features of NC . This can drastically reduce the size of the system hardware. Also, the software design, power supply design,

19、the design and selection of connectors, grounding and shielding design and construction, such as the adoption of strong anti-nuisance high reliability design and manufacturing technology, and thereby improve the reliability of the system. Since a new high-performance CPU can replace dozens of ordina

20、ry CPU (such as the 80286,80386, etc.), therefore, based on the high-performance CPU on the PC platform, not only can fulfill the basic functions of CNC system (such as information processing, knives meeting, interpolation, acceleration and deceleration control, etc.) and on-off control function (PL

21、C contents), but also to be completed servo control functions. Thus, before the completion of the DSP digital servo control functions (such as position control, speed control, transformation vector control, etc.) from a PC can be completed in the CPU, thus realizing the contents of servo controls, w

22、hich not only effectively reduce the size of the hardware part of NC , but also significantly reduce the servo control of the hardware scale. Such contents PLC and servo control of the entire contents of the integrated software CNC system, the hardware will reach its minimum, the entire CNC system,

23、in addition to a PC platform, the only remaining driver of the sports machine interface and feedback power interface. This not only effectively improve the reliability of the system, eliminating the transmission of information bottlenecks, improve system performance, but can also significantly reduc

24、e system cost, the system (including motor) to the existing price will be about half the CNC system. Obviously, this high performance, high reliability, low cost, the new NC system is highly competitive, is expected to open up a new situation in China to contribute to NC. In addition, the integratio

25、n of PC NC system there is a big advantage, that is easy to achieve open architecture. This is because such a system is the hardware itself has been completely open, open a CNC system completely in software, as long as the proper formulation of standards and protocols, information processing, path i

26、nterpolation, acceleration and deceleration control, Switch control to servo control can be achieved and opening up, thus greatly facilitate user access. 2 NC components advancing specialized production NC system to resolve the problem, how to achieve CNC machine tool design and manufacture of modul

27、ar machine tool manufacturing enterprises in China is the rapid response to market demand, competition won another key. CNC machine tools to achieve the design and manufacture of modular, we must solve the NC machine tool components of specialized production. China in this regard from the actual dem

28、and there is still a considerable gap. Therefore, in the next few years, we must vigorously promote the CNC machine tool components and the development of specialized production. The main points are as follows: (1) New permanent magnet electric spindle, spindle units on the international market has

29、become the most popular CNC machine tool features. But almost all of these products for asynchronous induction type, presence following major problems: there rotor windings, high current flow, heat rotor serious direct impact on the spindle precision; small and low-speed output torque ripple, be dif

30、ficult to meet the wide range of cutting requirements; efficiency and low power factor, not only motor size and weight requirements of the inverter and a large capacity, energy and more complex control system, the high cost. (2) Cheap, high-performance servo system is, a feed AC servo system (motor

31、+ drive) prices are generally in the million more than the price axis servo system up to a few million, has become a lower domestic CNC machine tools the cost of a major obstacle. Therefore, should be in line with the new integrated domestic CNC system development, vigorously develop the contents of

32、 cheap, high-performance servo system. The contents of the hardware only servo motor and power interface, and make full use of Chinas permanent resource advantages, and specialized production by the motor can cost down, and the intelligent use of IPM as a power module interfaces are cheap, will be t

33、he contents of feed servo control in the price of several thousand dollars within, the contents of spindle servo control in the price of less than 20,000 yuan, it is entirely possible. (3) linear AC servo system linear AC servo system is the next century CNC machine tool indispensable components, th

34、e present China has not yet mature product, it should strengthen the research, development and application. Taking into account conventional machine Magnetically-shielded problem more difficult to solve, and the Magnetically-shielded PMT relatively easy, conventional structure for the development of

35、 machine-linear asynchronous induction motor, parallel structure for the development of permanent magnet synchronous machine type linear motor, thereby exceed and with a practical application of a new-type high-speed high-precision feed system. On this basis, the drive will be further developed with

36、 the support of the combined magnetic levitation table. (4) high-speed high-precision detection device is high-speed high-precision CNC machine tool development of the next century is the main theme and not only need high-performance control and drive, but also need high-quality examination link, it

37、 should be based on existing technology, further development of 0.1 m above the precision of high-speed (60 m / min or more) and linear displacement sensor 1 million pulses / r the angular displacement sensor, such technology is abroad on Chinas blockade. 3 CNC machine tools to accelerate production

38、 of the country, and win market overtake NC industrialization of ultimate success will be reflected in the CNC machine tool production and market share. In the overall strategic guidance, the implementation of grasping two (low-efficiency and high-speed CNC machine tool CNC Machine), with the middle

39、 (general CNC machine tool), and promoting heavy (heavy equipment key) approach, in the domestic market will be fast recover the lost land, in the international market steady advance toward the end to fight domestic CNC machine tool market overtake an effective tactics and strategies. On the general

40、 development of CNC machine tools has made numerous articles devoted to, the following low-only NC machine tools, high-speed CNC machine tools and heavy efficient CNC machine tool development issues are discussed. (1) Vigorously develop low-cost CNC machine tool is the low-cost machine functions to

41、meet user requirements (no functional waste), technical indicators moderate, reliability, and the popularity of cheap NC machine tools. Such machines have become an international market trends in the development of CNC machine tools, and is one of many domestic users aspirations of the product, a br

42、oad market prospect. However, if a foreign NC system (including servo) in accordance with the traditional way of thinking to develop low-cost machine, it is difficult to cut their prices to be acceptable to the vast number of users level. Thus, the application of this new type of integration of the

43、domestic CNC system to the development of high-performance low-cost CNC machine tools, will be one of the most successful road hope. As long as a certain volume, which constitutes the middle of the universal CNC lathe can control the price at 100,000 yuan within the 3D CNC milling machine can be con

44、trolled in 15 million, the processing centre can be controlled at 20 million . The price of domestic CNC machine tools will be a stronger competitive. (2) To accelerate the development of efficient high-speed high-speed CNC machine tool CNC machine tool development efficiency are another major trend

45、. Development of efficient high-speed CNC machine tool technology can be a way to the following: through increased cutting speed and feed rate, doubling their production to achieve efficient and effective processing improve the surface quality of parts and machining accuracy and solve difficult to r

46、esolve conventional processing some special materials (such as aluminum titanium, mold steel, hardened steel) and the special shape of components (such as complex thin-walled parts) efficient processing problems. through the composite process, reduce the number of the installation of the work piece,

47、 effectively shorten the handling and clamping time. For example, five 5-axis machining center with a composite legislation cars universal machining centre will achieve a complete card with the majority of parts (or all) processing. circle in a high-speed high-precision milling and processing hole i

48、n a spiral path interpolation does not realize the direct drilling Bottom Tapping new processing methods, and substantial reductions in the number of ATC and improve processing efficiency. CNC machine tool development for intelligent searching machining functions, and the elimination of artificial p

49、recision fixture is to find the dependence of the effective shortening of single pieces of small-batch processing time to prepare. (3) breakthrough heavy CNC machine tool design and manufacturing technology heavy CNC machine tool (especially heavy multi-axis CNC machine tools) is the national econom

50、y and national defense production of critical equipment, are strategic commodities, real advanced heavy foreign NC Machine Tool it is impossible to sell us, therefore, in our country the next century NC product development must rely on its own strength to solve. CNC machine tool development must hav

51、e a heavy perfect basis, we in CNC machine tools in the process of China should constantly sum up experience, strengthen basic research and key technologies, and give full play to Chinas advantages of combining production and research, the collaboration of different departments together strive to ma

52、ke a breakthrough early in the next century progress. At present, the development of CNC machine tools, in addition to heavy need to strengthen basic theoretical research, but also to strengthen their research of key technologies. For example, heavy machine control is a special need to be resolved k

53、ey issues. Due to heavy machining of work pieces not particularly expensive scrapped, in order to ensure that the machine is reliable and in the CNC system of dual-use (or) CPU redundancy programmer of work to ensure that the operation and control of the absolutely correct, and in the event of failu

54、re automatic diagnosis, auto repair or replacement automatically ensure that no processing problems. In addition, the power supply can be taken on the dual-battery-powered electricity-wide isolation, that is a battery power supply to the system, to be carried out on another group of rechargeable bat

55、teries, power grids and control system is completely isolated. This workshop complete elimination of the heavy fluctuations in the power grid voltage powerful, serious interference on the impact of the NC system, which effectively guarantee the reliability of the system. Again, heavy machine-driven

56、CNC is a key issue. When the stroke length is more than 5 m, it will be difficult to ordinary competent Ball screw load transmission, the current general increase of pre-loaded double gear - rack, HIP worm - the mother of the cochlear institutions, the four foot (or feet) Crawling into the instituti

57、ons to achieve long trip drive. However, the existence of these programmers complex structures, and low velocity and acceleration, dynamic performance difference, it is difficult to achieve high-precision, complex issues such as maintenance. This could be the development of highly efficient array of

58、 linear motor direct drive technology and space technology-driven parallel mechanism, a new way to solve the heavy high-speed CNC machine tools, precision-driven issue. In addition, the optimization of the structure of machine design, a long stroke sophisticated detection, gravity deformation compen

59、sation cutting deformation compensation, heat distortion compensation is also heavy NC Machine Tool key issues must be resolved, must be full attention. Develop in line with Chinas national conditions in the overall development strategy, with the international standards established path of development in the 21st century, Chinas CNC technology and industrial development. In this paper, CNC technology and industrial development trends of the NC field of the issu