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编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： 电池柜冷藏箱DC-tall之箱体主 要零件部件的计算设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923244学生姓名： 杨理刚 指导教师： 陈伟明（职称：教授 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 电池柜冷藏箱DC-tall之主要 零件部件的设计计算 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号： 0923244 学生姓名： 杨理刚 指导教师： 陈伟明 （职称：教授 ） （职称： ）2012年11月12日 课题来源DC tall是该厂根据市场需求开发研制的电池柜冷藏箱。电池柜冷藏箱（DC tall）的主要结构采用的是钣金材料，本产品的主要研究目的：将电池保持一定的温度，使得电池延长使用寿命。装电池后产品重量达1.42t吊起时顶部的四个螺丝每个都必须能承受220kg的拉力。保持电池柜内部温度251，并保持内部温度的均匀性科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）电池柜冷藏箱DC Tall之箱体主要零件部件的计算设计研究的意义将电池保持一定的温度，使得电池延长使用寿命，节能减排、绿色成本、节约成本。模具工业是国民经济的基础产业，据统计，金属零件粗加工的75%、精加工的50%和塑料零件的90%是用模具加工完成的。被誉为“工业之母”、“皇冠工业”的模具制造业是高技术密集型产业，模具工业一称为先进制造技术的重要组成部分。模具工业的发展水平标志着一个国家工业水平及产品开发能力。 其中，冲压是模具工业中最重要的加工方法之一。冲压的应用范围十分广泛，据统计在电子产品中，冲压件（包括钣金件）的数量约占零件总数的85%，在全世界的钢材中，有60%-70%是板材，其中大部分是经过冲压制成成品。冲压加工在汽车、拖拉机、点击、仪器仪表、家用电器、自行车、办公机械等机械工业和国防工业以及日常生活用品的生产方面，占据着十分重要的地位。 本课题要求对自己选定的零件进行冲压模设计。通过对零件进行详细的工艺分析确定零件的冲压工艺方案并制定部分零件的制造工艺。通过本课题，可以培养我们综合运用所学的基础理论、基本知识和基本技能来分析、解决实际问题的能力和初步进行科学研究的；培养我们独立工作的能力、创新能力以及理论联系实际和严谨求实的工作作风的重要途径。我国冲压模具产品的质量和生产工艺水平，总体上比国际先进水平低许多，而模具生产周期却要比国际先进水平长许多。产品质量水平低主要表现在精度、表面粗糙度、寿命及模具的复杂程度上；生产工艺水平低则主要表现在加工工艺、加工装备等方面。模具寿命也只有国际先进水平的50%左右，大型、精密、技术含量高的轿车覆盖件冲压模具和精密冲裁模具，每年都要花费大量资金进口。但现在一汽模具公司、东汽模具公司、上海大众模具公司等中国冲压模具业的龙头企业可部分生产此类模具。但是在一些低档次的简单冲模，则已供过于求，市场竞争非常激烈。发展趋势模具技术的发展是模具工业发展最关键的一个因素，其发展方向应该为适应模具产品“交货期短”、“精度高”、“质量好”和“价格低”的要求服务。未来，我国模具工业和技术 2 主要发展方向将主要集中在以下几个方面： （1）模具CAD/CAE/CAM正向集成化、三维化、智能化和网络化服务 （2）模具检测、加工设备向精密、高效和多功能方向发展 （3）快速经济制造技术的广泛引用 （4）开发优质模具材料和先进的表面处理技术 （5）模具研磨抛光将向自动化、智能化方向发展 （6）模具标准件的应用日渐广泛 （7）模具工业新工艺、新理念和新模式的发展研究内容1.工艺性分析 电池柜冷藏箱上顶盖，和簧片是多种冲压件。 1）分析零件的尺寸、形状，加工要求，表面粗糙度等。分析零件的材料以及材料的性能 和制件的用途； 2）分析工艺资料及件的变形方式 ，成型可能性分析等； 3）分析材料是否满足强度要求，是否满足材料性能的成形性关系等。 4）了解工件的生产批量（决定模具的形式、结构、材料等） 5）了解工件原材料的规格与毛坯情况； 6）分析冲压车间的设备资料或情况； 7）分析车间制造模具的技术能力和设备条件以及可采用的模具标准件情况； 2.运用UG，CAD绘制零件图，分析零件的成型原理，选择成型设备 1）学习UG，CAD软件，运用UG，CAD的钣金模块进行绘制零件图，然后运用其中的折弯命令对相应的部位进行折弯。 2）根据零件的成形特点及成形原理分析，以及工艺性分析的结果，再根据现有设备选出适合的成形设备。 3.确定具体的工艺方案 1）根据连接件本身结构特点，选择零件件冲压成形基本工序，如冲孔、落料、弯曲、成型等。 2）根据零件结构的工艺性，并根据零件测绘出的弯曲件图，确定最合理的方案，确定总工序数、工序顺序、各工序的加工内容、冲压方向等。根据弯曲件的结构、形状尺寸，选择合适的毛坯。对弯曲件展开，初步确定毛坯的形状和外形尺寸，制定材料消耗定额。选定各个工序的模具结构形式，选定毛坯和各工序制件的送、卸料方 3 向和方法。 4.模具主要结构的计算和设计 1）电池柜冷藏箱上顶盖，和簧片等零件主要有：冲孔凸、凹模刃口尺寸和落料凸、凹模刃口尺寸以及弯曲凸、凹模刃口尺寸的计算。根据冷藏箱连接件结构形式对模具主要零件尺寸进行计算，并绘制出相应的模具的结构。 2）选择定位装置的形式及位置，选择卸料和推件装置，选择导向零件，如选用导柱、导套导向或者导板导向等。选择安装、紧固零件，如模柄、上下模座的结构形式。考虑各个零件的安装位置。 5.利用UG，CAD进行模具各个主要结构的绘制以及最终的装配。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析研究的基本内容，拟解决的主要问题 本课题研究的是垫圈冲压模具设计，要求其材料软黄铜H62，采用大批量生产，精度要求高。通过合理的设计凸凹模，选择合理的标准模架，制造出符合要求的制件。 （1）查阅有关模具设计方面的资料，翻译与模具设计相关的英文文献； （2）对工件进行冲压成型工艺分析，选择合理的设计方案； （3）进行必要的参数计算，确定出正确的设计参数； （4）在计算正确的基础上设计冲压成型模具； （5）撰写出一份与自己设计相配套的设计说明书 可能存在的问题 （1）冲孔时要保证断面质量、尺寸精度和形状误差。 （2）合理的安排工序的先后顺序及一模多腔的位置分布。 （3）冲裁间隙值对冲裁件质量、冲裁力及模具寿命有很大影响，是冲裁工艺及冲裁模具设计的重要工艺参数。间隙大小合适则可得到好的断面质量；同时刃口锐利也可得到好的断面质量。得到的冲裁件精度质量高，即零件的实际尺寸和冲裁模工作部分的尺寸之间的偏差少。 （4） 凸凹模刃口会有磨损，这样会影响断面质量，应及时更换刃口。 （5） 设计前后工序的关联性以及模具的关联性，合理安排工序，尽量是模具的结构紧密，同时在模具的设计过程中环要考虑到所设计的零件的可加工性，要尽量多的选用标准间，达到规范设计的要求成为此次毕业设计的难点研究计划及预期成果1分析冲压件的工艺性，确定工艺方案。 根据设计题目，分析冲压件成型的结构工艺性，分析冲压件的形状特点、精度要求等。在分析了冲压件的工艺性后，可以列出几种不同的冲压方案，然后从产品质量、生产效率、设备占有情况、模具制造难易程度和模具寿命高低、工艺成本等，确定最经济合理的工艺方案 2确定毛坯形状、尺寸和下料方式 在最经济的原则下，确定毛坯形状、尺寸和下料方式，并确定材料的消耗量 3确定冲压模类型及结构形式 4进行必要的工艺计算 a 计算毛坯尺寸，以便在最经济的原则下进行拍样和合理使用材料 b计算冲压力（包括冲裁力、卸料力、推件压边力等），以便选择压力机 c确定模具的压力中心防止模具银收偏心负荷作用影响模具寿命。 d计算或估算模具各主要零件的外型尺寸 e确定凸凹模的间隙，计算凸凹模工作部分中尺寸。5选择压力机6绘制模具总图和非标准零件图7编写设计计算所明书特色或创新之处 使用CAD设计及绘画，效果明显，方便改变参量，能够直观判断实验结果。 我的设计会按照要求，既注重实用性和安全性；同时性价比高，成本低。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题已具备的条件：设计过程中所需的各种软硬件资源和相关产品实物照片。尚需解决的问题：1.防水性要求：背部拼接达到IP65等级即：浸水一米以内不漏水； 其余拼接部分IP55级即要求能够防雨。 2.门和箱体的防腐蚀性3.整个机器的保温性及隔热性能。 防止能量损失小于整体的35%。在环境温度35时，压缩机输入功率170W，制冷功率280W。保持内部室温25,以及内部温度的均匀性1。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文Design Of Tool Machine Prop Research significanceThe original knife machine control procedures are designed individually, not used tool management system, features a single comparison, the knife only has to find the tool knife, knife positioning the shortest path, axis tool change, but does not support large-scale tool. Automatic knife in the knife election, in the computer memory knife-election on the basis of using the Siemens 840 D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its other machine. Automatic tool change systems will be faster growth, reduced tool change time, increase the positioning accuracy tool is an important means to help NC technology development. Tool and inventory components of modern production is an important link in the management, especially for large workshop management. The traditional way of account management, and low efficiency, high error rate, and not sharing information and data, tools and the use of state can not track the life cycle, are unable to meet the current information management needs. With actual production, we have to establish a workshop tool for the three-dimensional tool storage system to meet the knife workshop with auxiliary storage and management needs. The system uses optimization technology, a large number of computer storage inventory information, timely, accurate, and comprehensive tool to reflect the inventory situation. The entire system uses a graphical interface, man-machine dialogue tips from the Chinese menu, select various functions can be realized and the importation of all kinds of information. Management system using online help function. Through the workshop management, network management and sharing of information. Have automated inventory management, warehousing management tool, a tool for the management and statistical functions.1.System components and control structureThe entire system, including the structure and electrical machinery control systems.1.1.1Mechanical structure and working principleTool from the stent, drive, drive system, Turret, shielding, control system, and electrical components. Support from the column, beam, the upper and lower guide Central track, and track support component. 1) Drive for the system chosen VVVF method. Cone used brake motors, with VVVF by Cycloid reducer through sprocket drive. 2) Drag a variable frequency drive system and control technology. VVVF adopted, will speed drive shaft in the normal range adjustment to control the speed rotary turret to 5 30mm in, the drive shaft into two, two under through sprocket, the two profiled rollers Chain driven rotating shelves. Expansion chain adopted by the thread tight regulation swelling, swelling the regular way. - Conditioned, under the same chain-of-conditioning, so that the chain of uniform. 3) Turret and shields the entire total of 14 independent Turret. 13 of them as a socket-Turret, as a drawer-Turret, each Turret back through the pin and, under the conveyor chain link chain plate, installed at the bottom roller, chain driven rotating turret rotation along the track. Outlet-Turret and BT50-BT40 Turret Turret two kinds of forms. To strengthen management, security, landscaping modeling, shelf peripherals and shields. Turret-drawer drawer placed at six other Des Voeux a knife, can be categorized with some of knife auxiliary equipment, such as bits, such as turning tools.1.1.2.Electrical Control SystemThis tool storage systems is the main electrical control their shelves for operational control and position control. Operational control equipment, including operation of the start of braking control. Position Control is the main location and address of the shelves for testing. Control system as shown in Figure 1.图 1 Tool Control System for the1) Electric Transmission horizontal rotary tool storage systems are the mechanical movements are repeated short-term work system. And the run-time system needs some speed, speed transmission needs, the system will use VVVF method can be used simple structure, reliable operation of the motor and frequency inverter. 2) Control of the system is divided into two kinds of manual control and automatic control, manual control as a general reserve and debugging methods of work; ways to the system control computer (IPC) and the control unit (inverter contactor , etc.) consisting of a control system. 3) location and positioning accuracy of the system automatically identify the site and location using a detection device as proximity switches, relays through the plate-point isolation and the number plate recorded close to the switching signal acquisition and operation of Hutchison with a Optimal Path addressable identify the current location and shelves of the purpose of the shelf location. In order to enable a more accurate positioning system, adopted two photoelectric switches, to detect the two shelves of the two films.1.2.The functions of the knifeknife The is the role of reserves a certain number of tools, machine tool spindle in hand to achieve the fungibility a disc cutter knife is the type of library, the chain knives, and other means, in the form of the knife and capacity according to the Machine Tool to determine the scope of the process.1.3.Common typesThe knife is a tool storage devices, the common knife mainly in the following forms: (1) the turret knife Including the first level turret vertical turret and the first two, see Figure 2.6 a) and b):(2) the disc cutter Disc knife in the library with discoid knife, cutting tool along See how vertical arrangement (including radial and axial from knife from knife), along See how radial array into acute or arranged in the form of the knife. Simple, compact, more applications, but are ring-cutter, low utilization of space. Figure 2.7 a) to c). If the knife storage capacity must be increased to increase the diameter of the knife, then the moment of inertia also increased correspondingly, the election campaign long knife. Tool number not more than 32 general. Cutter was multi-loop order of the space utilization knife, but inevitably given the knife from complex institutions, applicable to the restricted space Machine Tool storage capacity and more occasions. Two-disc structure is two smaller capacity knife on both sides of the sub-spindle place, more compact layout, the number of certificates corresponding increase knife, apply to small and medium-sized processing center.(3) the chain knife Including single-and multi-ring chain ring chain, chain link can take many forms change, see Figure 2.8 a) to c), the basic structure shown in Figure 2. 8 do Features: knife apply to the larger capacity of the occasion, the space of the small number of generally applicable to the tool in the 30-120. Only increase the length of the chain tool will increase the number should not be increased circumferential speed of its moment of inertia of the knife does not increase the disc as large.(4) linear combination knife and the knife library The linear knife simple structure in Figure 2.9, tool single order, the capacity of small knife, used for CNC lathe and drill press on. Because the location of fixed knife, ATC completed action by the spindle without manipulator. The cutter knife is generally the turret combination turret with a combination of the disc cutter knife and the chain combination. Every single knife the knife certificates of smaller, faster tool change. There are also some intensive drum wheel, and the lattice-type magazine for the knife, the knife-intensive though. Small footprint, but because of structural constraints, basically not used for single processing center, the concentration used for FMS for the knife system.1.4 Tool storage capacityTool storage capacity of the first to consider the needs of processing, from the use of point of view, generally 10 to 40 knives, knife will be the utilization of the high, and the structure is compact.1.5 Tool options(1) choose to order processing tool according to the order, followed Add to the knife every knife in the Block. Each tool change, the order of rotation of a cutter knife on location, and remove the need knives, has been used by the cutter knife can be returned to the original Block, can also order Add Block, a knife. However, as the knife in the tool in different processes can not be repeated use of the knife must increase the capacity and lower utilization rate. (2) most of the arbitrary choice of the current system of using arbitrary NC election knives, divided into Daotao coding, coding and memory-cutter, three. Daotao coding tool code or knives or Daotao need to install the code used to identify, in accordance with the general principle of binary coding coding. Tool knife election coding method uses a special knife handle structure, and each of the coding tool. Each of the tool has its own code, thereby cutting tool can be in different processes repeatedly used, not to replace the tool back at the original knife, the knife capacity can be reduced accordingly. Memory-election this paper knife, in this way can knives and knife in the position corresponding to the Daotao memory of the PLC in the NC system, no matter which tool on the Inner knife, tool information is always there in mind, PLC . On the knife with position detection devices, will be the location of each Daotao. This tool can be removed and sent back to arbitrary. On the knife is also a mechanical origin, every election, the nearest knife selection. 1.6. Control of the knife (1) the knife as a system to control the positioning axis. In the ladder diagram in accordance with the instructions for computing T code comparison of the output angle and speed of instructions to the knife the knife servo drive servo motor. Tool storage capacity, rotation speed, and / deceleration time, and other system parameters can be set in such a manner free from any outside influence positioning accurate and reliable but the cost is higher. (2) knife from the hydraulic motor drives, fast / slow the points, with proximity switches count and positioning. In comparison ladder diagram of the current storage system knife (knife spindle) and goals knife (pre-knife) and computing, then output rotation instructions, judging by the shortest path rotation in place. This approach requires sufficient hydraulic power and electromagnetic valve knife the rotational speed can be adjusted through the throttle. But over time may be oily hydraulic, oil temperature and environmental factors impact the change in velocity and accuracy. Not generally used in large and medium-sized machine tool change frequently. (3) the knife from AC asynchronous motor driven cam mechanism (Markov institutions), with proximity switches count, which means stable operation, and generally accurate and reliable positioning cam used in conjunction with a mechanical hand, ATC fast-positioning.2. ATC, the main types, characteristics, and the scope of application2.1 Auto Rotary ToolRotary Tool automatically on the use of CNC machine tool is a simple installation of automatic tool change, the Quartet and 47.60 Turret Tool various forms, such as rotary turret were installed on four, six or more of the Tool , NC instructions by ATC. Rotary Tool has two vertical and horizontal, relatively simple structure, applicable to economic CNC lathe. Rotary Tool in the structure must have good strength and stiffness, resistance to bear rough Cutting Tool in the cutting force and reduce the role of deformation and improve processing accuracy. Rotating Tool to choose reliable positioning programme structure and reasonable position, in order to ensure that each rotary turret to a higher position after repeated positioning accuracy (typically 0.001 to 0.005mm). Figure 2.1 shows the spiral movements of the Quartet Turret.Auto Rotary Tool in the simplest of ATC, is 180 rotary ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.2 ATC instructions received, the machine control system put ATC spindle control to the designated location at the same time, the tool movement to the appropriate location, ATC, with the rotary axis and at the same time, the knives matching tool; drawbars from Spindle Cutting Tools rip, ATC, will be the tool from their position removed; ATC, 180 rotary tool spindle and the tool and tool away; ATC, the Rotary At the same time, the tool refocusing its position to accept Spindle removed from the cutting tool; Next, ATC, will be replaced with the cutter knives were unloaded into the spindle and tool: Finally, back to the original ATC, standby position. At this point, ATC completed procedures to continue to run. This ATC, the main advantage of simple structure, the less movement, fast tool change. The main disadvantage is that knives must be kept in parallel with the axis of the plane, and after the home side compared to the tool, chip and liquid-cutting knife into the folder, it is necessary to the tool plus protection. Cone knife folder on the chip will cause ATC error, or even damage knife folders, and the possibility of spindle. Some processing centre at the transfer, and the tool side. When the ATC command is called, the transfer-cutter knives will be removed, the machine go forward, and positioning with the ATC, in line with the position. 180 Rotary ATC devices can be used horizontal machine, can also be used for vertical machining centers.2. 2 ATC head-turret installedWith rotating CNC machine tool often used such ATC devices, with a few turret head spindle, each with a spindle on both knives, the first tower interim process can be automatic tool change-realization. The advantage is simple structure, tool change time is short, only about 2 s. However, due to spatial constraints, the number of spindle can not be too much, usually only apply to processes less, not to high precision machine tools, such as the NC drill, such as CNC milling machine. In recent years there has been a mechanical hand and the turret head with a knife for the automatic tool change ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.3. It is in fact a turret head ATC, and the knife-ATC device combination. The principle is as follows:5 turret on the first two tool spindle 3 and 4, when using the tool spindle 4 processing tool, the manipulator 2 will be the next step to the need for the tool does not work on the tool spindle 3 until after the completion of this process , the first rotary turret 180 , ATC completed. ATC most of their time and processing time coincidence, the only real tool change time turret transposition of the first time, this approach mainly used for ATC and NC NC drilling file bed.2. 3.Daidao system for the automatic tool changeFigure 2.4 shows the knife and the whole machine tool CNC machine tools for the appearance of Fig. Figure 2.5 shows the knife and split-type machine to the appearance of CNC machine tool plans. At this point, knife storage capacity, a heavier tool can, and often additional transport unit to complete the knife between the spindle and cutting tool transport. Daidao the knife from the ATC, the election knives, automatic loading and unloading machine tool and tool exchange institutions (manipulator), composed of four parts, used widely. Tool Automatic Tool Change the manipulator system, the whole process more complicated ATC. We must first used in the processing of all installed in the standard tool on the knife handle in the machine outside the pre-size, according to a certain way Add to the knife. ATC, selected first in the knife knife, and then from ATC, from the knife from the knife or spindle, exchange, the new knife into the spindle, the old knife back into the knife. ATC, as the former two knives to accommodate a limited number can not be too many, can not meet the needs of complex parts machining, CNC machine tool Automatic Tool Change Daidao the use of the automatic tool change devices. The knife has more capacity, both installed in the spindle box side or above. As for the automatic tool change Daidao device CNC machine tool spindle box only a spindle, spindle components to high stiffness to meet the machining requirements. The number of establishments in larger knife, which can meet the more complex parts of the machining processes, significantly improving productivity. Daidao system for the automatic tool change applied to drilling centres and CNC machining centers. The comparison drawn Daidao automatic tool change system is the most promising. 3.PLC control of the knife random mode of election3. 1Common methods of automatic election knifeAutomatic control of the knife CNC refers to the system after the implementation of user instructions on the knife library automation process, including the process to find knives and automatic tool change (63,71. CNC Machining Center device (CNC) directive issued by the election knife , a knife, the tool required to take the knife position, said the election automatic knife. automatically elected knife There are two ways: random sequence election knives and knife election method.3.1.1 order election knifeTool Selection order is the process tool according to the sequence of the insert knife, the use of knives in order to take place, used knives back at the original knife, can also order Add Block, a knife. In this way, no need Tool identification devices, and drive control is a relatively simple, reliable and can be used directly from the points of the knife machinery to achieve. But the knives in each of the tool in different processes can not be reused, if the tool is installed in accordance with the order of the knife, there will be serious consequences. The need to increase the number of knives and knife the capacity of the tool and reduce the utilization of the knife.3.1.2Random election knifeRandom election under the knife is arbitrary instructions to select the required tools, then there must be tool identification devices. Tool knife in the library do not have the processing in accordance with the order of the workpiece can be arbitrary storage. Each of the tool (or knife blocks) are for a code, automatic tool change, the rotary cutter, every tool have been the tool identification device acceptable identification. When CNC tool code and the code in line with directives of the tool selected, the rotary cutter knives will be sent to the ATC position, waiting to grab manipulator. Random knife election is the advantage of the cutter knife in the order has nothing to do with the processing sequence, the same tool can be used repeatedly. Therefore, the relatively small number of knives, knife the corresponding smaller. Random elections knife on the tool must be coded to identify. There are three main coding. 1. Tool coding. Adopt special knife handle structure coding, the drawbars on the knife handle back-end packages such as spacing of the coding part of the lock-nut fixed. Coding diameter ring diameter of a size two, respectively, said that binary 1 and 0 to the two rings are different, can be a series of code. For example, there are six small diameter of the ring can be made to distinguish between 63 (26-1 = 63) of the coding tool. All of 0 normally not allowed to use the code, to avoid the cutter knife Block did not confuse the situation. 2. Knife Block coding. On the knife Block coding, coding tool, and tool into line with the number of knives in the Block. ATC knife when the rotation, so that each knife seats followed through knowledge knife, knife found blocks, knives stopped the rotation. At this time there is no knife handle encoding part of the knife handle simplified. 3. Annex coding methods. This style of coding keys, coded cards, coding and coding-disc, which is the most widely used coding keys. First toknives are attached to a tool of the show wrapped coding keys, and when the cutter knife to the store at knife in, so put the number of keys to remember knife Block Road, will be inserted into key to the coding Block next to the key hole in the seat for the knife to the numbers. Conclusion Focused on in todays manufacturing environment tool storage and management of new models and methods, practical application of good results in systems integration and optimization, and other aspects of operations will be further explored, so that it has a higher theoretical and practical level.中文译文机床刀具设计课题研究意义机床原来的刀库控制程序是单独设计的，没有采用刀具管理系统，功能也比较单一，只实现了刀库刀具的找刀、刀库最短路径定位、主轴换刀，而且不支持大型刀具。在刀库自动选刀方面，在计算机记忆式选刀的基础上采用了西门子840D特色功能，使选刀程序更简洁，并完成空刀套的查找。刀库快速换刀利用STEP-7完成编程，并在实际中得到验证。在刀库定位问题上，PLC程序控制采用模块化设计方法，这对今后生产类似机床将十分有利，很容易将其利用到其他机床上。自动换刀系统将以较快的速度增长，缩短换刀时间，提高刀具的定位精度是重要的手段，有利于数控技术的发展。刀具及其元件库存是现代生产管理中的重要环节, 特别是大型车间管理。传统的人工记帐管理方式, 效率低下, 错误率高, 且信息数据不能共享, 刀具的使用状态和寿命周期无法跟踪, 不能适应当前信息化管理需要。结合生产实际, 我们在车间刀具准备间建立刀具贮存立体库系统, 以满足车间刀辅具储存与管理的需要。该系统采用最优化技术, 利用计算机存储的大量库存信息, 能及时、准确、全面地反映刀具库的库存情况。整个系统采用图形界面, 人机对话由中文菜单提示, 可实现各种功能选择和各种信息的输入。管理系统采用在线帮助功能。可通过车间管理层、网络系统实现信息管理和共享。具有自动库存管理、刀具入库管理、刀具出库管理和统计查询功能。1.系统组成及其控制结构整个系统包括机械结构及电气控制系统。1.1.1 机械结构及工作原理刀具库由支架、驱动机构、传动系统、刀架、护罩、电气控制系统等部分组成。支架由立柱、横梁、上下导向环轨、支撑地轨组成。1)驱动机构该系统选用了变频调速的方法。采用锥形制动电机, 带变频调速, 经摆线针轮减速器, 通过链轮传动。2)拖动与传动系统采用变频控制技术。通过变频调速, 可使传动轴转速在正常范围内调节使刀架回转速度控制到 5 30mm in, 2 个传动轴各带上、下2 个链轮通过上、下2 条异形滚子链带动货架转动。链条胀紧机构采用螺纹调节胀紧, 为定期胀紧方式。调节时上、下链条松度调节一致, 使链条受力均匀。3)刀架与防护罩整库共有14 列独立刀架。其中 13 列为插座式刀架, 1 列为抽屉式刀架, 每个刀架背部通过销轴与上、下输送链链板联接, 底部安装滚轮, 链条转动带动刀架沿地轨转动。插座式刀架分BT40 刀架和BT50 刀架 2 种形式。为加强管理, 保证安全, 美化造型, 货架外围加防护罩。抽屉式刀架分 6 个抽屉放置其他刀辅具, 可分类装存一些刀辅具, 如钻头、车刀等。1.1.2. 电气控制系统本刀具储存系统的电气控制主要是对其货架进行运行控制和位置控制。运行控制包括运行设备的启动、制动控制。位置控制主要是对货架位置和地址进行检测。控制系统框图如图 1 所示。图 1刀具库控制系统图1)电气传动水平旋转刀具储存系统各机械的动作都属于反复短时工作制。而且系统在运行时需要几种速度, 因此传动系统需要调速, 所以该系统选用了变频调速的方法, 可以采用结构简单、运行可靠的变频器和变频电动机。2)控制方式该系统分为手动和自动控制2 种控制方式, 手动控制一般作为调试用和备用的工作方式; 自动控制方式为本系统计算机(IPC)和控制单元(变频器、接触器等)组成的一个自动控制系统。3)位置及定位精度检测本系统中自动认址和位置检测采用了接近开关作为检测元器件, 通过光点隔离继电器板和记数板对接近开关采集的信号进行记数和运算处理, 采用最优路径寻址方式确定货架的当前位置和货架的目的位置。为了使系统定位更准确, 采用了 2 只光电开关, 分别检测2 个货架的2 只检测片。1.2.刀库的功能刀库的作用是储备一定数量的刀具，机械手实现主轴上刀具的互换zsa刀具的类型有盘式刀库、链式刀库等多种形式，刀库的形式和容量要根据机床的工艺范围来确定。1.3.常见类型 刀库是存储刀具的装置，常见的刀库主要有以下几种形式:(1)转塔式刀库包括水平转塔头和垂直转塔头两种，见图2.6a)与b): (2)盘式刀库盘式刀库中刀库呈盘状,刀具沿盘面垂直排列(包括径向取刀和轴向取刀),沿盘面径向排列或成锐角排列的形式的刀库。结构简单、紧凑,应用较多,但刀具单环排列,空间利用率低。见图2.7a)c)。若增加刀库容量必须使刀库的外径增大,那么转动惯量也相应增大,选刀运动时间长。刀具数量一般不多于32把。刀具呈多环排列的刀库的空间利用率高,但必然使得取刀机构复杂,适用于机床空间受限制而刀库容量又较大的场合。双盘式结构是两个较小容量的刀库分置于主轴两侧,布局较紧凑,储刀数量也相应增大,适用于中小型加工中心。(3)链式刀库 包括单环链和多环链，链环形式可有多种变化，见图2.8a)c)，基本结构见图2. 8do特点:适用于刀库容量较大的场合，所占的空间小，一般适用于刀具数在30-120把。仅增加链条长度即可增加刀具数，可以不增加圆周速度其转动惯量不像盘式刀库增加的那样大。(4)直线式刀库和组合刀库直线式刀库结构简单如图2. 9，刀具单行排列，刀库容量小，多用于数控车床和钻床上。由于刀库位置固定，换刀动作由主轴完成，无需机械手。组合刀库一般是转塔式刀库的组合、转塔式与盘式刀库的组合及链式刀库的组合。每单个刀库的储刀量较小，换刀速度快。另外还有一些密集型的鼓轮式、弹匣式和格子式刀库，这些密集型刀库虽.占地面积小，但由于结构限制，基本上不用于单机加工中心，多用于FMS的集中供刀系统。1.4.刀库的容量刀库的容量首先要考虑加工工艺的需要，从使用角度出发，一般为1040把刀，刀库的利用率会高，而结构比较紧凑。1.5.刀具的选择方式(1)顺序选择将刀具按加工工序的顺序，依次放入刀库的每一个刀座内。每次换刀时，刀库顺序转动一个刀座位置，并取出所需要的刀具，己经使用过的刀具可以放回原来的刀座内，也可以顺序放入下一个刀座内。但由于刀库中刀具在不同的工序中不能重复使用，必须增加刀库的容量，降低了利用率。(2)任意选择目前大多数的数控系统都采用任意选刀的方式，其分为刀套编码、刀具编码和记忆式等三种。刀具编码或刀套编码需要在刀具或刀套上安装用于识别的编码条，一般都是根据二进制编码的原理进行编码。刀具编码选刀方式采用了一种特殊的刀柄结构，并对每把刀具编码。每把刀具都具有自己的代码，因而刀具可在不同的工序中多次重复使用，换下的刀具不用放回原刀座，刀库的容量也可相应减少。本文采用记忆式选刀，这种方式能将刀具号和刀库中的刀套位置对应地记忆在数控系统的PLC中，无论刀具放在哪个刀套内，刀具信息都始终记存在PLC内。刀库上装有位置检测装置，可获得每个刀套的位置。这样刀具就可以任意取出并送回。刀库上还设有机械原点，使每次选刀时就近选取。1.6.刀库的控制方式 (1)刀库