语法精讲-现在完成时

1、启乐教育精品课程中学语法精讲系列教材-5 -语法精讲八：动词时态（四）现在完成时一、定义表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 ，或从过去已经 开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。二、结构主语+ have / has +动词过去分词（注：过去分词规则变化方式同过去式，不规则变化见不规则动词表）Eg. I have fini shed my homework.He has found his pen.三、句式1、陈述句：主语 +have/has don e.2、一般问句及简略回答：Have/has +主语 +do ne.?Yes,主语+have/has; No,主语+haven/hasnt

2、.3、否定句：主语 +have n t/hasrit + don e.1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果1）标志词：already：四、用法及标志词多用于陈述句，位于have/has后，有时位于句尾。Eg. I have already fini shed my homework.yet :用于疑问句和否定句，位于句尾。Eg. Have you found your lost book yet ?ever :I have nt had breakfast yet. 多用于疑问句，问初次经历。never :Eg. Has your father ever sp oke n t

3、o a foreig ner? 用于否定句，位于 have/has后Eg. Weve n ever met such a tall man.before :可用于各句式，位于句尾。Eg. I have read this book before.He has nt bee n abroad before.Have you flow n to Hainan before?2）无标志词（注：根据具体语境判断时态）2. 表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在（还可能继续去）的动作或状态。标志词：1）for +段时间Eg. We have lived in this city for ten years.2）

4、since +过去点时间since + 段时间 +agosince + 从句（从句用一般过去式）Eg. He has worked here since 1990.She has taught in this school since two years ago.We have known each other since we met.3）so far, on ce/twice/ three times, all on es lifeEg. They have lear nt 2000 words so far.Tom has see n the film twice.Her father

5、has worked in the factory all his life.4）in the past +段时间duri ng the last +段时间Eg. They have built many high build ings in the p ast three years.Great cha nges have take n p lace in Handan duri ng the last two years.3. have / has been to去而已归）与 have / has gone t（去而未归）区另Eg. He has been to Ha ndan.（去过邯郸

6、，人已回来）He has go ne to Han da n.（去邯郸了，人在路上或在邯郸）五、使用现在完成时应注意的问题1现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1）一般过去时表示 过去的事实，强调动作发生的时间、地点、方式；2） 现在完成时表示过去动作与现在的关系，强调对现在的影响或产生的结果Eg. A） I had my lunch at twelve at school.我十二点在学校吃的午饭。（强调吃饭的时间、地点，不涉及现在情况）B） I have had my lunch.我吃过午饭了。（强调吃饭对现在的影响是饱了，不须再吃了 ）2非延续性动词（短暂性动词）的用法常用的非延续性动词，女口co

7、me, go, leave, arrive, join, die, beg infini sh, open,close, buy, borrow, get up等，它们的完成时不能与段时间状语连用，若句中有 表示一段时间的状语，需将非延续性动词改为延续性动词形式。Eg.(误)He has come to Handan for two weeks.(正)He has been in Handan for two weeks.a. come to sp/go to sp.= be in sp.b. leave = be away (from)Eg. They left the tow n two

8、days ago.They have bee n away from the tow n since two days ago.c. join = be in = be a member ofEg. She joined this club three mon ths ago.She has bee n in this club for three mon ths.She has bee n a member of this club for three mon ths.d. die = be deadEg. The man died five years ago.The man has be

9、e n dead for five years.e. begin = be onEg. The film bega n ten minu tes ago.The film has bee n on for ten minu tes.f. buy = haveEg. We bought the house two years ago.We have had the house for two years.g. borrow = kee pEg. She borrowed the books a week ago.She has kept the books for a week.h. open

10、= be openclose = be closedget up = be upfinish = be over3、固定句式：It is / has been +段时间+ since从句(用一般过去时) Eg. It is /has bee n two days since he left for America.六、练习题)1.Whe n he arrives at the bus stop, the busfor 20 minu tes.A. has left B. had left C. has bee n away D. had bee n away)2. Ithe League fo

11、r 5 years so far.A. joi ned B. have joined C. have bee n inD. joi ned in)3.The factorysi nee the February of 1988.A . has bee n open B. has opened C. was openD. opened)4.His parents look sad. Maybe theywhats happened to him.A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know)5. How longhe?A. have died B. has, died C. has, bee n dead D. had died)6.He has been to Shanghai, has he ?A. alreadyB. n everC. everD. still()7.Hethe car for a week.A. boughtB. has boughtC. has had D. buy)8. Our countrya lot so far .Ye