C620机床机械系统的经济型数控化改造探析外文文献翻译、中英文翻译.doc
C620机床机械系统的经济型数控化改造探析外文文献翻译、中英文翻译
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附 录Analysis on the economic CNC transformation of machine system of C620 machine toolLi YeThis paper briefly introduces the design scheme of nc transformation of machine system of C620 lathe. Compared with the purchase of new machine tools, the modified C620 lathe saves a lot of money and shortens the delivery time.Keywords: C620 lathe; Numerical control transformationJust now, Chinas machine tool equipment nc manufacturing equipment rate of less than 30%, and a large part of the structure problems, such as aging, idle or eliminated, all depend on the purchase of new CNC machine, and it can take huge sums of money to buy for the old machine is not reasonable use is also a kind of resource waste, this is obviously not conform to Chinas national conditions. Therefore, using digital technology to transform existing machine tools is a national need, industrial policy and feasible way. This paper makes a brief discussion on the economic CNC transformation of the machine system of C620 lathe.1. Modification scheme of mechanical system1.1 modification scheme of the main drive systemThe main role of spindle is to be responsible for the accuracy of nc machine tools, is a very important component. The frequency conversion speed of ac asynchronous motor is increased on the spindle, and the machining precision is improved. CNC lathe modification with different shaft installation, in the numerical control lathe spindle is installed on a spindle pulse encoder, for in the thread machining, prevent coaxial when machining parts cant wear a lathe spindle hole. Due to the different axis installation will show the location of the main shaft signal, so, when install, pay special attention to the main shaft axis and the derivation of the lathe spindle pulse encoder to achieve zero clearance between flexible coupling transmission (the ratio of 1:1), synchronous tooth profile can be very good to do this. The spindle of a lathe is limited in the process of using it. The maximum speed of a driving shaft pulse generator is subject to the highest speed limit, which cannot exceed its maximum speed.Pulse encoder connection way, complete the following steps: ac spindle motor through the pulley movement to the spindle, the spindle movement through synchronous pulley and synchronous belt wheel 2 and 1 synchronous belt drive pulse encoder, with spindle speed operation, pulse encoder on the spindle box body with screws.Generally, in the transformation of horizontal lathe numerical control, the amount of work of mechanical transformation is large, and the main drive and variable speed control mechanism on the machine tool can be retained, which can greatly reduce the amount of work. The forward and reverse rotation and stop functions of the spindle can be controlled by a numerical control system. Single-speed motor can be replaced by 2-4 speed multi-speed motor. The control of multi-speed motor can be realized by using ac inverter by spindle motor, which can meet the requirement of stepless variable speed. Through actual operation, it is proved that in the process of operating the converter, if the operating frequency of the original motor is below 70HZ, no replacement is required, but the power of the converter is greater than that of the motor.The above example, when to have a variable can use the YD series level 7.5 kw variable multispeed three-phase asynchronous motor, this machine produced by zhejiang chaoli motor co., LTD.) for 2 4 block variable speed; The precondition of adopting the stepless variable speed is to install ac frequency converter. It is recommended to use the model f1000-g0075t3b produced by yantai huifeng electronics co., LTD., with a 7.5kw motor.1.2 replace the automatic rotary tool holderCan help to improve nc machining precision machine tool and can be done a one-time multi-channel working procedure, its model for LD4B - CK6140 four station vertical electric tool rest is a good equipment and the choice, the device production and changzhou hongda nc equipment co., LTD., can be very good to complete the manual tool post transfer automatic rotary tool rest. And the nc system can help the automatic tool change when the circuit configuration requirements.1.3 installation scheme of screw encoderScrew encoder, also known as spindle pulse generator or circular grating. When threading, the CNC lathe should install the spindle pulse generator to feedback the position of the spindle of the lathe and rotate synchronously with the spindle of the lathe. Examples are given below.Reformed lathe, can lead most no more than 24 mm thread processing, Z to feed is 0.01 mm/pulse, each thread encoder, cannot be less than 24 mm (0.01 mm pulse - 1) = 2400 pulse output. Because the output of the encoder is different (phase difference is 900 A, B believe signal), A and B can be logically different or obtain 2,400 pulses. In this way, the number of lines in the pulse encoder can be reduced to 1200 lines (A and B signals). Also note that the encoder also needs to output a zero - bit pulse Z for each turn to repeat the same spiral groove.According to the above requirements, the following examples are selected as the screw encoder of model zlf-1200z-05v0-150ct, which is from changchun optical machine digital display technology co., LTD. The power supply voltage is +5V, with 1200 A/B pulses and 1 Z pulse for each output. The signal is voltage output and the shaft head diameter is 15mm.In threaded code installation, common installation methods are coaxial and cross-axis installation. Coaxial installation means that the encoder is installed directly on the spindle and coaxial with the spindle. Although this method is fast and simple, it has the disadvantage of easily causing the blockage of the main shaft through hole. Off-axis installation, namely in the back of the spindle box installed encoder, best location on the main shaft synchronous rotating output shaft, such as there is no synchronous spindle axis, you can use synchronous cog belt and spindle joins (rotation ratio is 1:1). At this time, the shaft head of the encoder must be connected with the installation shaft without clearance, which is a point needing attention, and the maximum speed of the spindle should be controlled within the maximum allowable speed of the encoder.1.4 modification and design scheme of feed systemThe pulse instructions issued by the nc system are received and amplified and converted by the feed system of the nc machine tool. The lateral (X axis) movement of the tool holder is driven by the horizontal feed drive system, which controls the radial dimension of the workpiece. The axial (Z axis) motion is driven by the longitudinal feed device, which controls the axial dimensions of the workpiece.1.4.1 feed drive chainTransverse feed (X axis) consists of stepper motor and reducer drive (stepper motor is installed behind the bed saddle), feed drive system include: stepper motor, vertical screw pair, synchronous belt, horizontal screw pair.1.4.2 selection of ball screw nut pairsTo ensure the machining accuracy of nc machine tools high, the requirements of the feed drive system with high transmission precision, high sensitivity, fast response), stable work, have a high stiffness of components and service life, small friction and inertia, and can remove the transmission clearance.1.4.3 design scheme process(1) remove all the gears on the hanging wheel, find out the synchronous shaft of the spindle, and install the screw encoder.(2) first remove the feed box assembly, and install the longitudinal stepping motor and synchronous belt reducer assembly (to be installed in the original position).(3) first remove the quick tool gear rack and slide box assembly, and then install the nut holder bracket of the longitudinal ball screw (to be installed under the bed saddle).(4) first remove the square tool holder and small skateboard assembly, and then install the four-station vertical electric knife holder above the middle skateboard.(5) to dismantle the skateboard sliding screw nut pair, sawing the roller screw in dial a long (216 mm) and reserves, will the handles on the dial down, while retaining the dial nearby two thrust bearing, finally the ball screw pair of change.(6) install the horizontal feed stepping motor on the bed saddle at the back of the middle skateboard through the flange seat and connect it with the shaft head of the ball screw.(7) remove the parallel bars (screw, light bar and joystick) and replace the right bearing of the parallel bars.2. ConclusionWe compared the mechanical system of a C620 lathe used in the production training with the newly purchased machine tool after the numerical control transformation, and the transformation cost was reduced by 60% to 80%, which was very economical. Especially in large, special machine tools especially prominent. The cost of large-scale machine tool transformation is only 1/3 of the total cost of newly purchased machine tool, and the delivery time is short.reference1 Chen weidong, machinery processing equipment M, Beijing university press, 2010.This article is from Silicon Valley, article number: 1671-7597 (2014) 15-0146-01C620机床机械系统的经济型数控化改造探析李烨摘要 简要介绍C620车床的机械系统进行数控化改造的设计方案。改造后的C620车床与同购置新机床相比大大节省了费用，缩短了交货期。关键词 C620车床；数控化改造就现在来看，中国机床设备数控制造装备率小于30%，而且很大一部分结构存在问题，如：机构老化、闲置或淘汰，全部都依赖于购买新的数控机床代替，而购买则需要巨额资金，对于旧机器不合理的利用也是一种资源的浪费，这显然是不符合中国国情。因此，利用数字技术对现有机床进行改造，是一个国家的需要和行业政策和可行的途径。本文对C620车床机械系统进行的经济型数控化改造这一课题来做一简要探讨。1、机械系统的改造方案1.1主传动系统的改造方案主轴的主要作用是负责数控机床精度的准确性，是十分重要的组成部分。在主轴上增加交流异步电动机变频调速，加工精度提高的同时也实现了主轴自动无极变速，从而省去了机械换挡的麻烦。数控车床的改造采用异轴安装，在数控车床主轴上安装一个主轴脉冲编码器，是为了在加工螺纹时，防止同轴装时的加工零件无法穿出车床主轴孔。由于异轴安装会显示出主轴的位置信号，所以，在进行安装时，要特别留意主轴脉冲编码器的引出轴与车床主轴之间要达到无间隙柔性联接传动（其比例为1：1），同步齿形可以很好的做到这一点。车床主轴在使用过程中是具有限制的，一主动轴脉冲发生器的最高限速为准，不能超过其最高转速。脉冲编码器联接方式的步骤如下：交流主轴电动机通过带轮把运动传给主轴，主轴的运动经过同步带轮1和同步带轮2以及同步带带动脉冲编码器，使其与主轴同速运转，脉冲编码器用螺钉固定在主轴箱体上。一般在改造卧式车床数控化时，机械改造的工作量大，保留机床上的主传动和变速操纵机构，可以大大的减少齐工作量。主轴的正反转和停止功能，可以通过数控系统来控制。单速电机可以使用24速的多速电动机来替代；多速电动机的控制可通过主轴电动机利用交流变频器来实现，可满足其要求最终达到无级变速的目的。通过实际操纵，证明变频器在工作的过程中，如原有电动机工作的频率在70HZ以下，就无需更换，但前提是变频器的功率大于电动机。上述例子中，在进行有级变速的时候可以用YD系列7.5kw变级多速三相异步电动机（此款机器由浙江超力电机有限公司而产）来实现24挡变速；采用无级变速的前提是加装交流变频器，推荐使用烟台惠丰电子有限公司生产的F1000-G0075T3B这个型号的，在配以7.5kw电动机。1.2换装自动回转刀架能帮助数控提高机床加工精度并可以一次性的完成多道工序，其型号为LD4B-CK6140的四工位立式电动刀架是一款比较好的设备和选择，这款设备生产与常州市宏达数控设备有限公司，可以很好的完成手动刀架转换自动回转刀架。而数控系统可以帮助自动换刀时电路配置的要求。1.3螺纹编码器的安装方案螺纹编码器，也可称为主轴脉冲发生器或圆光栅。在进行螺纹加工时，数控车床要安装主轴脉冲发生器来反馈车床主轴的位置，且与车床主轴同步转动。以下举例说明。改造后的车床，可加工导程最大不超过24mm的螺纹，Z向的进给脉冲当量是0.01mm/脉冲，螺纹编码器每一转，都不能少于24mm（0.01mm脉冲-1）=2400脉冲的输出量。因编码器的输出有出入（相位差为900的A、B相信号），可将A、B经逻辑异或后获得2400个脉冲。可将A、B经逻辑异或后获得2400个脉冲（一转内），这样脉冲编码器的线数可降到1200线（A、B信号
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