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中国矿业大学2007届本科毕业设计 第 9 页翻译部分英文原文Introduction. Chinas coal reserves, the distribution of a wide range of complex conditions of occurrence and distribution of the 1.3 m 3.5m. dip below 25 degrees, in the middle of stability and stability which the following conditions under the roof of the seam, with its output accounting for about 86% of total output. Chinas overall mining face in the distribution of relief to the majority of which tilt stability and the stability which the roof above the thick seam, and the other conditions under the seam, the existing hydraulic support poor adaptability, the use of the result is not satisfactory. Nationwide, the complex geological conditions and the lack of funds and other reasons, despite 10 years of efforts, Fully-level is still only 21%, while fully-developed countries abroad general level has reached 70% 80%. From China in recent years supporting the reform, the huge investment of fully mechanized mining development is very slow. and the hydraulic prop face there was a major development, a small number of mines has basically realized the hydraulic prop of. China fully mechanized hydraulic support to promote the use, there are still many problems to be solved. 1. Variety Series hydraulic supports the reasonable structure in our country, the conditions are good face, financial strength of the mining area basically the use of the fully mechanized.Although some other mining areas fully mechanized, but with the intensity of development, face increasingly worse conditions, the strike length has become increasingly short. difficult mining coal seam imbalance is getting worse. With a mine or mines with a used one, two types of stents it difficult to adapt to all the coal face and conditions the purchase of F-wide huge investment and technology is not necessarily economically reasonable, the majority of small and medium-sized mine funding difficulties, but some of the existing hydraulic supports are difficult to adapt to the mine geology and production technology. The above analysis indicates that while Chinas coal mines supporting the low level of mechanization, hydraulic supports and other food manufacturers. The problem is not suitable for most geological conditions and the production technology support Variety Series. Taking a panoramic view of Chinas coal mines and stent manufacturers of the actual situation, we believe that the development of Chinas coal mining support series Fully-go with the simple fully mechanized, high-grade mining and general mining comprehensive ancillary road, At present, the focus should be on the fully mechanized summary supporting product research and development. Since shifting hydraulic stent, to further improve the quality of products, improve function, improving structure, reduce costs and enhance the adaptability stent. We must continue to improve and innovate under special conditions for exploitation of the special stent. For hydraulic prop, although development has been laid, but there is still a lot of problems, mainly : three-valve clearance, however, pillars of maintenance capacity, high failure rate, support, demolition, removal of all manual, labor-intensive; hydraulic prop with hinged metal roof beams supporting low efficiency. Therefore, hydraulic prop should also improve product quality, reduce costs, and supporting the development of an exclusive top beam, achieve pillars and roof beams combine and do shift from running. Focus on research and development of wide adaptation, more powerful, cheap, simple and fully-supporting, Since ranged from large hydraulic shift stents and stent slip between the top beam of the light frame, both from the shift, wiping the top and pressure-shift function, but also with monomer stent small size, light weight, flexible and adaptable to the changing characteristics, greater scope to adapt to the occurrence of coal production and technological conditions. Fully-development Simple Light hydraulic support to the attraction of foreign mention legs stent, domestic sliding roof beam stent success on the basis of experience, to overcome their shortcomings, do stent light weight, resistance, low cost, over all functions and adaptability. According to Chinas actual situation in the coal mine, we believe that the development of China Light Easy Fully-hydraulic shift from the stent, can be divided into the following three steps : First, to continue to improve the sliding roof beam-type structure, and improve its function. further expand the scope of use; Second, the transformation of poor use of the Crib and Festival stent, as structure, F-more reasonable and more adaptable to the shifting light from the stent; Third, the development of more innovative functional whole, structure and working methods more reasonable new light since the shift stent. As a result, there is a very complete portable hydraulic support series. High-grade general mining will be simple to fully mechanized mining development, general mining to the high-grade general mining transition, not an increase in investment in the circumstances, so that the majority of the mechanized coal mining to improve the general level a notch. 2. Hydraulic supports the technical status quo. In recent years, Chinas comprehensive mechanization of coal mining level has increased, With integrated mechanized mining technology and the development of new high-power Shearer, the conveyors emergence require a corresponding stent, but the stent control system without corresponding improvement is not enough to meet the requirements. So far, My homemade hydraulic support control remained in hand with a one-way plane-o-control or the control level. Such control, although the control system is simple, easy to manufacture. and the lower cost of coal geological conditions change adaptation strong advantages, but it had serious shortcomings : poor working conditions of workers, security is poor; Moving very slowly, the impact on the efficiency of Shearer to play; ventilation was poor, the high failure rate of stent; Supporting the effectiveness of the operation and the extent to play the experience and skills level of the number of closely related. Hydraulic support to achieve automatic control, can be effectively overcome the above drawbacks, achieving the right stent electrohydraulic control, and a variety of control options are available, Officers in the relatively safe places focus on the entire face of the stent remote control or process control. Now foreign ordinary fully mechanized coal face hydraulic support has achieved the computer infrared electro-hydraulic control, group. Rows to the advancement racks, liquid rated for up to 40 MPa pressure. Lmin 300 flow 450Lmin for liquid diameter 100 mm 120mm. Moving faster than the 10 min group. Domestic and hydraulic supports or low voltage solution for small diameter, artificial manual operation. Statistics actual scene, a forward support group will take about 1 min. Support for the largest fluid pressure not exceed 32 MPa for 25 mm diameter by 30mm , Flow in 150 200Lmin Lmin. Two columns cover hydraulic support the work of resistance 780 t, F width 1.5 m, using infrared PM4 electro-hydraulic control system, Shearer microcomputer from the remote control, support columns more than 400 mm in diameter, speed-shifting group 10 min. 3. Fully-development Simple Light stent prospects. Mechanized mining in the central part of the stent is supporting. Chinas more than 300 existing high-grade general mining operations and the use of hydraulic prop bracing, slow, labor-intensive, production falters, and the high failure rate of stent, the maintenance cost is high. If a small investment (about Fully-14 - 16), high-grade general mining face development as simple fully mechanized coal face. Supporting intensity of the stent realize shift, and to some extent with pressure-moving, Face roof management will be significantly improved yield, the effectiveness will be significantly enhanced. Summary of fully mechanized mining mechanization level although outpaced large fully mechanized, but its adaptability larger, broader scope, investment in high-grade general mining increased marginally, mechanization has increased dramatically, significantly reduced labor intensity. For some large hydraulic support it difficult to adapt to the mining district and other financial difficulties of small and medium-sized mine, the local coal mine, Fully-Easy development is undoubtedly enhance mining mechanization level to enhance economic efficiency and guarantee production safety improve the working conditions of workers in a well-established technique. 4. Conclusion. After nearly 30 years of development and hard work, Chinas hydraulic support in the design, manufacture level has been improving. especially in the gently inclined thick seam of hydraulic support has accumulated considerable experience, the basic frame-type has become mature, perfect, in the variety and quality with the advanced international level gap is getting smaller and smaller. But the control components and control systems and products in advanced countries there is a large gap. Henceforth, it shall continue to be directed against Chinas national conditions and specific conditions seam, developing some new-type, the new varieties, It should also improve stent control systems and improve the reliability stent effort. References : 1 Zhu Shi-shun. Talk about the hydraulic support Variety Series qualified structure J. Mine machinery, 1990 (3) : 3-5.2 Rong PENG Xi-Wen. hydraulic support control and the prospects of the development J. Mine machinery, 1990 (11) :1-3.3 with Yang Min Wang Yue Fei. Comprehensive up to domestic development and supporting equipment Thoughts J. Mine Machinery, 1999 (8) : 2-3. 中文翻译引 言.我国的煤层储量多,分布范围广,赋存条件复杂,分布在1.3m3.5m、倾角在25度以下,处于中稳及中稳以下顶板条件下的煤层,其产量约占总产量的86%。我国的综采工作面绝大部分分布在缓倾斜中稳及中稳以上顶板的中厚煤层,而其它条件下的煤层,现有的液压支架适应性差,使用效果不理想。就全国来说,由于地质条件复杂和资金不足等原因,虽然经过十几年的努力,综采程度仍只有21%,而国外发达国家综采程度一般已达70%80%。从我国近几年的支护改革来看,投资巨大的综采发展十分缓慢,而单体液压支柱工作面却有了大发展,少数矿区已基本上实现了单体液压支柱化。我国综采液压支架的推广使用,目前还存在许多亟待解决的问题。1. 液压支架品种系列的合理结构在我国,条件好的工作面、资金雄厚的矿区基本上都用上了综采。其它矿区虽有部分综采,但随着开发强度加大,工作面条件越来越差,走向长度越来越短,难开采的煤层回采失调越来越严重。同一个矿区或同一个矿,用一、二种支架难以适应全部的煤层及工作面条件,购买繁多的架型投资巨大且技术经济上不一定合理,大多数中小型矿井资金困难,而且现有的一些液压支架也很难适应这些矿井的地质及生产技术条件。由以上分析可知,一方面我国煤矿支护机械化程度很低,而另一方面液压支架生产厂家吃不饱,问题就在于没有适合大多数地质及生产技术条件的支架品种系列。纵观我国煤矿和支架生产厂家的实际情况,我们认为,发展我国的煤矿支护产品品种系列,要走与综采、简易综采、高档普采和普采全面配套的道路,目前要把重点放在简易综采支护产品的研究和开发上。对于液压自移支架,要进一步提高产品质量,完善功能,改进结构,降低成本和增强支架的适应性。要继续完善和创新特殊开采条件下的特殊支架。对于单体液压支柱,虽然有了发展,但存在的问题还很多,主要有三:用阀不过关,支柱维修量大、损坏率高,支、拆、搬运全是手工操作,劳动强度大;单体液压支柱与金属铰接顶梁配套效率低。因此,单体液压支柱也要提高产品质量,降低成本,研制与之配套的专用顶梁,实现支柱与顶梁结合并做到行走自移。重点研制和发展适应范围广、功能较强、价格便宜、与简易综采配套的、介于大型液压自移支架和滑移顶梁支架之间的轻便支架,既具有自移、擦顶和带压移架的功能,又要具备单体支架体积小、重量轻、灵活多变适应性强的特点,以适应更大范围煤层的赋存及生产技术条件。发展简易综采轻便液压支架,要在吸收国外提腿支架、国内滑移顶梁等支架成功经验的基础上,克服它们的不足之处,做到支架重量轻、阻力大、成本低、功能较全、适应性强。根据我国煤矿的实际情况,我们认为,发展我国简易综采轻便液压自移支架,可以分为以下三个步骤进行:首先,继续改进滑移顶梁等架型的结构,完善其功能,进一步扩大使用范围;第二,改造使用效果差的垛式和节式支架,使其成为结构、架型更合理,适应性更强的轻便自移支架;第三,研制创新功能更全、结构和工作方式更合理的新型轻便自移支架。这样一来,就有一个十分完整的轻便液压支架系列。将高档普采向简易综采发展,将普采向高档普采过渡,在投资增加不大的情况下,使广大煤矿的机械化开采水平普遍提高一个档次。2 .液压支架的技术现状.近年来,我国采煤综合机械化的水平有所提高,随着综合机械化采煤技术的不断发展和新型大功率采煤机、工作面输送机的出现,要求支架与之
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