新视野大学英语第三版电子教案 3 unit 5

1、 新视野大学英语第三版电子教Book-3-unit-5 案 When work is a pleasure Unit 5 PART 1 Understanding and Learning Overview This unit centers on the topic of work-an indispensable part of individual lives. different meanings to different purposes and have different Work may serve that and play, differentiating among wo

2、rk, labor, people. Text A argues, by interest and enjoyment in work are important for the benefit of both individuals author, the of a shoemaker and society. Text B, by telling us a story and self-esteem, pride, of working with thoughts stimulates on building a tradition be both texts, cannot as All

3、 of these elements, shown in and responsibility. achieved in a job that is done merely for the sake of money. Concerning the writing style, Text A is developed mainly by means of contrasts, between the differences highlight, used to point by point, which are effectively workers and laborers. Text B,

4、 by means of narration through the use of the first the gives lively detailed description and conversations, person “I” and with readers a strong feeling of being personally on the scene, and achieves the effect of great vividness. In order for students to get a strong understanding of the unit them

5、e and foster a thought-provoking encourage the teacher should good attitude toward work, why we work, discussions and activities. The topics for the discussions may include , etc. Possible how we can foster love for work, how we achieve happiness at workactivities are peer interviews, retelling of T

6、ext B, questionnaire survey to gauge achieve to work and to out how specific happiness the level of a occupation greater happiness at work. Section A Will you be a worker or a labor? Background information 1 continuing education Continuing education refers to the education for adults, usually in cla

7、sses that are held in the evening and especially on subjects that are related to their jobs. 2 experiential learning Experiential learning is the process of making meaning from direct experience. It 2 rote contrasted with through reflection on doing, which is often is learning ). Experiential learni

8、ng focuses on the learning process for the learning (死记硬背individua1. An example of experiential learning is going to the zoo and learning to as opposed and interaction with the zoo environment, through observation and discoveries from a book. Thus, one makes reading about animals about reading knowl

9、edge firsthand, instead of hearing or experiments with others experiences. Detailed study of the text social the strict sense has been abolished, society 1 In a where slavery in the indications around work, the value of work and the salary, have degraded many “wage slaves”.(Para. 1)laborers into mod

10、ern slaves- Meaning: In a society where slavery, strictly speaking, has been put to an end, many have made work and the salary, the social status of work, the value of “wage slaves”.laborers become modern slaves- for respect make them lose without degrade:vt. treat sb. respect and ) 某人辱 ( (某人 );羞the

11、mselves贬低The examination supervisor warned students not to degrade themselves by cheating on the exam. 以免自取其辱。监考老师警告学生不要在考试中舞弊, of purpose the mere to those who work for slaves”Note “Wages here refers earning a wage. adverse effect on them, yet 2 People are considered laborers if their job has an to

12、 of conforming working by the necessity they feel compelled to continue societal expectations and earning the revenue to support themselves and their families. (Para. 2) Meaning: People are considered laborers if their job has a bad or negative effect on them, but they are forced to work because the

13、y want to meet the expectations of the society and earn some money to support themselves and their families. adverse:a. .not good or favorable不利的; 反对的; 反面的 Economists fear that any conflict between the two countries could have adverse effects on global financial markets. 经济学家们担心两国之间的任何冲突都可能对全球金融市场产生

14、不利影响。 conform:vi. ( to/with) obey sth. such as a rule or law遵照;遵守;服从 The city has a few modern buildings in the central area which do not conform with the style of the citys overall character. 该城市中心区域有一些现代建筑跟城市的3 整体风格特点不相符合。 money that a business or organization receives over a period of revenue:n.U

15、 收入time, esp. from selling goods or services (公司、机构的) 收益, revenue said costs generally rise when finance A spokesman for the department increases. 财务部门的发言人说收益增加成本通常会增加。 社会的Note societal: a. relating to society or the way society is organized would eventually develop societal organizations that In ti

16、me, humans began to 人类开始形成社会 become what we know as towns and cities.经过一段时间之后， 组织，这些社会组织最终发展成为我们所知道的乡镇和城市。 3The polar opposite of labor is play. (Para, 2) Meaning: Play is completely opposite to labor. . apolar:完全1) (opposite/extreme) sth. that is the complete or exact opposite of sth. else 正好相反相反;

17、vote for the candidate even if his beliefs were the polar opposite of said hed John 他也将投票给该候选人。约翰说即便候选人的观点与自己的相左 ,his own. 极地;近地极的;地极的2) close to or relating to the North Pole or the South Pole 的most only the in rise the sea level are melting The of the polar icecaps and the 极地冰盖融化以及海平面上升只是最常commonl

18、y cited effects of climate change. 被提及的气候变化的后果。 private 4 When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, but it is a purely (Para. 2) pastime; or it is enjoyable you sth. that you do because think C pastime: n. 消遣; 娱乐interestingpainting, a pastime she had caused by her job, she turned to To reliev

19、e the stress loved since childhood. 这是她自儿时起就喜欢的消遣。为了缓解工作引起的压力, 她开始画画, 5 Between labor and play stands work. (Para.3) Meaning: Work lies somewhere between labor and play. Note Here we are reminded of what is mentioned in the preceding paragraph “The polar opposite of labor is play”. 4 6 People are la

20、beled as workers if their personal interests coincide with the jobs society pays them to do; what is necessary labor from the point of view of society view. (Para. 3) is voluntary play from the individuals personal point of Meaning: People are regarded as workers if their personal interests agree wi

21、th the jobs society pays them to do; what is necessary labor from the perspective of society can mean voluntary play to a worker. The labor required in a job is voluntary play to workers because they show Notethey if it; just as they enjoy what are doing and find pleasure in interest in it, were pla

22、ying a game. . (with) vi coincide: 相)相同, 1) (of ideas, opinions, etc. ) be the same or very similar (想法、意见等 符,极为类似 Indeed, the States interests may not coincide with those of the individual. , 国家利益可能与个人利益不一致。的确同时两件或更多的事情)2) (of two or more events) take place at the same time ( 发生Her arrival coincide

23、d with our departure. 她到来之时正逢我们离开。 自动的a. done willingly and without being forced自愿的; voluntary: free will, and is voluntary, unless it is effected is made of a persons Every decision by compulsion. 除非有强制要求。, 属自愿性质的,每项决定都是基于个人意愿 . a particular way of thinking about or judging a situation nNote point

24、of view: 视角；角度How does your point of view square with what some of your colleagues have said? ? 你的观点与你些同事的意见在多大程度上致 7 Whether a job is to be designated as labor or work depends, not on the job itself but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. (Para.3) Meaning: Whether a job is so be cons

25、idered as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the very person who does it had interest in it or not. desinate:vt. 1) (fml.)( sb./sth. as ) give sb. or sth. a particular name, title, or description 把?定名为; 授予?称号; 把?描述为 When residents wanted to designate the Elk River as a heritage sit

26、e, the mines killed the proposal. 当居民们想把埃尔克河确定为文化遗产时,该提议却被众多的矿井给毁掉了。 5 选; 任命; 选定2)(sb./sth.as)formally choose sb. or sth. for a particular purpose 派A will allows people to designate someone as receiver of their property when they die. 遗嘱使人们可以指定其去世后财产由谁继承。 8 The difference does not, for example, corr

27、elate with the difference between a (Para.3)manual and mental job or between jobs of low or high esteem; Meaning: The difference labor and work has no connection with the difference between a manual and mental job or between jobs which get low or high respect and admiration. (with) if two or more fa

28、cts, ideas, etc. correlate or you correlate v. correlate: 相互关)them, they are closely connected to each other or one causes the other(使 联Rising temperatures and the associated earlier spring snowmelt with increasing amounts and size of wildfires in the western United States. 气温升高及其所导致的春季融雪提前与美国西部数量日益

29、增多、规模日益增大 的山火是有关联的。 esteem: ; 敬重n. Ua feeling of respect for sb., or a good opinion of sb.尊敬He is held in high esteem by colleague in the construction industry. 他受到建筑业同行的高度尊重。 ; 敬重fml.) respect and admire sb. or sth. 尊敬vt. (Employee qualities such as being cooperative and industrious are often estee

30、med by managers. 员工的合作、勤奋等品质常常为经理们所推崇。 9 Workers are therefore more prone to dedicate more time to working, taking too little leisure rather than too much. (Para.4) Meaning: Workers are therefore more likely to spend more time in working, and they will spend extremely little amount of time on relaxa

31、tion. prone:a. likely to do sth. or suffer from sth., esp. sth. bad or harmful易于发生某事(尤指不好或有害的事)的;很可能?的;有?倾向的 Most children are prone to junk food. 多数孩子喜欢吃垃圾食品。 dedicate vt. 1) use a place, time, money, etc. only for a particular purpose(为某一目的而)使用 The newspaper dedicated three whole pages to pictures

32、 of the princess. 6 报纸用了三个整版刊登王妃的照片。 2) give all your attention and effort to one particular thing 致力于; 献身于The new president said she would dedicate herself protecting the rights of children, the old and the homeless. 新总统说她将致力于保护儿童、老人和无家可归者的权利。 10 To laborers, on the other hand, leisure means autono

33、my from compulsion, so it is natural for them to imagine that the fewer hours they have to spend laboring, and the more hours they have free for play, the better. (Para.4) Meaning: To labors, on the other hand, leisure means complete freedom from what they are forced to do or what they have to do; s

34、o, it is natural for them to think that it is better if they spend less time on labor and more time on play. autonomy.U 1) the ability or opportunity to make your own decisions without being 自主controlled by anyone else自主能力; Genetic engineering may threaten privacy, kill autonomy, make society look a

35、nd be alike, and destroy the concept of human nature. 使社会千篇一律,并且破坏人性这一观念。基因工程可能威胁隐私,扼杀自主权,; 2) freedom that a place or an organization has to g overn or control itself自治 自治权They are willing to give this district more autonomy, but not independence. 但不会让其独立。,他们愿意给该地区更多的自治权 .sing.,U the act of forcing

36、 or influencing sb. to do sth. they nNote compulsion: 强被)(do not want to do, or the situation of being forced or influenced (被)强制； 迫Who would undertake such a difficult task without compulsion? ? 项困难的任务如果不是强制性的,谁会去承担这样 11 They will also work with more diligence and precision because they have foster

37、ed a sense of personal pride in their jobs. (Para.5) Meaning: They will also work harder and more accurately because they have developed a sense of personal pride in their jobs. precision: n.Uthe quality of being very exact or correct 精确(性); 准确(性) To improve the precision of gene testing, scientist

38、needed to spell out the actual DNA sequence of disease-fostering genes. 为了提高基因测试的精度,科学家们需要阐明致病基因的DNA序列。 foster: vt. heIp a skill, felling, idea, etc. develop over a period of time促进; 培养;助长 7 All classroom practice will be geared to encouraging and fostering not only students learning habits but also

39、 students creativity.: 所有的课堂实践都将不仅鼓励和培养学生的学习习惯,还鼓励和培养其创造力 12 On the other hand, laborers, whose sole incentive is earning their livelihood, that the time they spend on the daily grind is wasted and doesnt contribute feel to their happiness. (Para, 5) Meaning: On the other hand, laborers, whose only

40、motive is making a living, feel snt bring that the time they spend on the boring daily work is wasted and doethem happiness. .C,U sth. that encourages you to work harder, start a new incentive: n ;鼓励刺激activity etc.;动力interest in my job gave me an incentive, so I worked twice as hard. My girlfriends

41、,因此我加倍努力。女友对我工作的兴趣给了我动力 生计 . C,Uthe way you earn money in order to livelivelihood: nIt was the lack of a basic livelihood that compelled the oppressed to fight for their survival. 正是由于无法维持基本的生计才迫使被压迫者为自身的生存而抗争。 13 Instead of valuing all hours of their day as enjoyable and productive hours, they gaug

42、e only the time spent in leisure and play as meaning. (Para.5) and enjoyable their day as all Instead of regarding 24 hours of Meaning: productive hours, they believe that only the time that they spend in leisure and play is meaningful. . make a judgment or guess about a situation, action, or person

43、 based vtgauge: ,判断on the information that you have (根据所掌握的信息)估计If you want to gauge public opinion about the war, look at the local media coverage concerning the deaths of the soldiers. 看看当地媒体有关士兵牺牲的报道吧。如果你想判断舆论对这场战争的看法,C an instrument for measuring the size or amount of sth.测量仪器; 计量器n. ; 量规 A gaso

44、line gauge shows the amount of gasoline left in a car. 油表显示汽车剩余的油量。 14 Unfortunately, laborers are all too commonplace, and only a small percentage of the population is in the lucky position of being workers. (Para.5) Meaning: Unfortunately, laborers are so common that they can be seen almost everyw

45、here, and only a small percentage of the population is lucky to be 8 workers. happening or existing in many places, and therefore not Commonplace: a. 平凡的;不足为奇的special or unusual平常的;Paid vacations of two weeks or longer are a commonplace benefit in many companies. 两周或更长的带薪假期在很多公司都是常见的福利。 technologica

46、l innovation and the division of labor have 15 In recent decades，caused major economic changes by eliminating the need for special strength or skill in many fields and have turned many paid occupations with enjoyable work into boring labor.(Para, 6) Meaning: In recent decades, the improvements in te

47、chnology and the division of labor have caused great economic changes. People do not need special strength have enjoyable work fields. Many paid jobs with many or skill any more in become boring labor routine. . innovation: n 创新革新1)U the introduction of new ideas or methods ;The duty of every teache

48、r is to encourage creativity and innovation in the classroom. 每个老师在课堂上的职责都是鼓励创新。 新方法2)C a new idea, method, or invention 新观念;Those well-meaning people who have tried to introduce innovations in schools have come up with against considerable resistance from teachers, students and parents alike. 学生和家长

49、中都遇到了那些善意的人们尽力将一些新观念引入学校, 但在老师、 相当大的阻力。 16 Increasing productivity with automated machines, such as robots, has reduced the number of necessary laboring hours. (Para.6) for the work which can automatically do machines With Meaning: the use of people, such as robots, productivity has increased and th

50、e number of necessary laboring hours has accordingly decreased. . start using computers and machines to do a job, rather than vtautomate: 使自动化peopleThe engineer used a computer program he had created to automate downloading of program updates. 该工程师用自己设计的电脑程序自动下载程序更新。 自a. using computers and machines

51、 to do a job, rather than peopleautomated: 动化的9 One proposed solution to the growing problem of accidents caused by tired truck, may perhaps be an automated highway system. 一个提议的解决方案可能就是自动化高速车司机疲劳驾驶引起的事故越来越多, 公路系统。 17 It is possible to imagine an upcoming society in which the majority of the populat

52、ion will have almost as much leisure time as in earlier times was enjoyed by the medieval aristocracy. (Para.6) Meaning: It is possible to imagine that in a society of the near future, most of the people will have a lot of spare time, which would be similar to the amount of time for play enjoyed by

53、aristocrats in medieval times. ; 即将发生的 upcoming: a. (only) happening soon 即将来临的I feel very confident about the upcoming debate because I believe that I can defeat my opponents argument easily. ,因为我相信我能轻松驳倒对方的观点。我对即将到来的辩论充满信心 connected with the Middle Ages(= the period between about AD a. medieval: 中

54、古时期的1100 and 1500)中世纪的;I have seen medieval manuscripts in which one word is spelled four different ways on a single page. 同一页上一个单词竟然有四种拼写方法。我看过中世纪的手稿, 18 The medieval aristocrats had an abundance of leisure time but often wasted it in trivial pursuit of games and fashion. (Para, 6) Meaning: The med

55、ieval aristocrats had a large amount of leisure time but often wasted it on such insignificant things as playing games and following the latest fashion. 19 Likewise, modern-day laborers with too much leisure time may find it difficult to refrain from the addictive and trivial pursuits of celebrity g

56、ossip, extravagant fashion, and excessive video games and TV-similar bad habits that waste valuable time. (Para, 6) Meaning: Similarly, laborers of modern day, who have too much leisure time, may find it hard to stop doing such insignificant things as talking about private affairs of famous people, and spending a lot of money on fashion and too much time on video games and TV shows. These bad habits will equally waste valuable time. refrain: vi. (from) (fml.) not do sth. that you want to do克制; 抑制; 忍住 International financial experts committed to refrain from competitive devaluation 10