说明书-两轮车轴心锁的设计.doc

两轮车轴心锁的设计含4张CAD图

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两轮车轴心锁的设计含4张CAD图,车轴,设计,CAD
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两轮车轴心锁的设计摘要如今,随着人们生活水平的提高,如何实现家庭电动车和自行车防盗这一问题也变的很重要,传统的机械锁由于其构造的简单,被撬的事件屡见不鲜,轴心锁由于其保密性高,使用灵活性好,安全系数高,受到了广大用户的亲呢。 从传统的老式自行车锁仅仅是用来锁住自行车三脚架与车轮,使车轮不转动,从而起到防盗的目的。然后相继出现自行车钢丝锁这种锁的整条钢丝绳约一米二左右,由于其钢丝绳较长,可以把自行车锁在栏杆柱子上,弱点较多,如不能防技术性开启,不能防剪钢筋钳来剪断钢丝绳;不能防腐蚀,防钻及其氧焊,还有以后出来的新型两轮车防撬锁,整个锁除了钥匙孔外,其他部位上基本没有缝隙,而且锁壳是全钢的,较为坚固。所以比一般的锁不容易被撬。本实用新型防盗轴心锁是一种有效防止车辆被盗的锁定机构,包括轴套体中部的支撑轴,其特征在于:所述轴套体的中部的支撑轴的中心设有可转动的锁芯,在所述的锁芯旁,设有锁定转动的锁销,在所述的轴套体上设有与锁销相对应的锁槽,配合锁销锁定。本文先对防盗轴心锁的特性进行介绍,对其结构进行分析。然后在通过计算其齿轮传动力的讨论,并通过计算齿轮的扭矩及其硬度的测试。电机的功率及其齿轮的传动比定出齿轮的齿数,大小,完成两轮车轴心锁的设计。关键词:防盗 ;锁芯;齿轮;传统的锁;齿轮传动比;齿轮的设计 The wheelers axis lock design ABSTRACTNow, with the improvement of living standards, how the family electric car and bike theft problems become very important traditional mechanical lock because of its structure is simple, pry the event not uncommon, the axis of the lock due to confidentialityflexibility to use, high safety factor, by the intimacy of the majority of users. From the traditional old-fashioned bicycle lock is used to lock the bike tripod with wheels, so that the wheel does not rotate, and thus play the anti-theft purpose. Bicycle wire lock the lock the whole rope then have appeared about one meter two longer because of its rope, bike lock on the railing pillars, more weakness, if not anti-technical open, not anti-shear reinforced clamp cut the rope; not anti-corrosion, anti-drill and its oxygen welding, there are after a new two-wheelers anti-lock picking, the entire lock in addition to the keyhole, and other parts of the little gap, and the lock shell is steel, more solid. So than the lock had been broken. The new anti-theft axis lock is an effective locking mechanism to prevent theft of vehicles, including central support shaft of the sleeve body, characterized in that: as described in the center of the sleeve bodys central support shaft has a rotating lock core, next to said lock cylinder with lock turning latch equipped with latch lock slot, with the corresponding locking pin lock, described on the sleeve body. The article focuses on the anti-theft characteristics of the axis of the lock are introduced to analyze its structure. Discussion by calculating the power of the gear pass, and by calculating the torque and hardness of the gear tests. Motor power and gear transmission ratio set the gear teeth, size, complete the wheelers axis lock design.Keywords: Theft; Suoxin; gear; traditional lock; gear ratio; gear design目录摘要1ABSTRACT2一、设计背景3二、结构简图4三、两轮车轴心锁的工作原理5四、主要构件5五、传动装置6六、执行装置16七、传动结构装配图18八、装夹配件19九、锁体装配结构图21十、毕业设计总结21参考文献23 附录 24 一、设计背景摩托车及其自行车等两轮车作为一种简便的机动车辆,在我国大部分地区特别是农村地区得到了广泛的使用。在道路状况不好的山区和一些特殊场所,摩托车更是最主要的交通工具。摩托车价格比较昂贵,车身质量较轻易于被盗成为小偷盗窃的主要目标。一些摩托车主为了保障自身的财产安全在使用摩托车配备的车头锁的同时还用钢质U型锁锁住摩托车的车轮。虽然做了种种防盗措施,然而摩托车盗窃事件还是时有发生,给使用者造成了经济损失。现在市面上使用的常规的车头锁因其电路部分容易破换不仅在面对小偷是无能为力也经常在摩托车的使用中出现了车锁电路老化坏掉的情况。这样,怎么能保障我们的摩托车的安全呢。常规的锁,不管其采用什么原理和结构,锁体总是暴露在外面,且使用钥匙开锁使得锁具容易被小偷的开锁工具即俗称的万能钥匙打开。在这种情况下,面对手段高明的小偷,要让车子的安全得到保障,首先就得保障锁体本身的安全。什么样的锁能不被小偷破坏,不被小偷的开锁工具打开呢?首先,要使锁具结构不被外力强行破坏掉,就得让锁体藏身于一个坚固的环境里。结合摩托车被锁止的对象是车轮,我们便想到锁体可以安装在车轮轴中。对于不能使用常规开锁方法开锁的问题,我们结合现在的轿车的开门锁,很快便想到了用遥控电路控制上锁和开锁。就这样,摩托车轴心锁的基本构思便有了。 二、结构简图 图2-1 轴心锁结构简图 图2-2 轴心锁立体简图(正) 三、两轮车轴心锁的工作原理 原理是通过遥控装置控制电机转动来带动齿轮进行传动力,然后在杆与涡轮啮合作用下带动推杆前后运动,杆在螺纹作用下可以来回的运动,当销杆伸出去的时候卡在花鼓轴上阻止了整个车轮的转动,同样的道理,当使用遥控装置控制电机转动在带动齿轮的转动,然后涡轮旋转,杆在螺纹的作用下向后倒退,当销杆退回到原位置的时候则车轮可以自由的转动。 四、主要构件 在轴心锁整个装置里,主要零件有电机、主轴、深沟球轴承、轴套、齿轮、联轴器、涡轮、推杆、螺钉、螺栓等组成。(一)电机在轴心锁中的电机是选用的微型电机-有刷直流电机。电机型号选用微型电机参数:型号F130额定电压1.5-12.0(V)额定转速1440(rpm)外形尺寸25.1*20.1(mm)额定功率2(W)(二)深沟球轴承 选用的轴承根据主轴的大小进行配合,轴承代号6205 B=15mm,d=25mm,D=52mm,此滚动轴承是支撑旋转轴的标准组件,它具有摩擦阻力小,效率高,结构紧凑维护简单等优点。在大多数机器中得到广泛的应用。(三)轴套 轴套的作用是用来定位轴承,紧贴着轴承,也可以固定轴承,使其不能旋转出主轴。(四)联轴器联轴器选用有弹性元件的挠性联轴器,此联轴器结构简单制造容易,装拆更换弹性元件方便,有微量补充俩轴线偏移和缓冲吸震能力,主要用于载荷比较平稳,启动频繁,对缓冲要求不高的中、低轴系转动,工作温度-20-70。(五)齿轮齿轮是机器中应用最广泛的一种传动零件,用来传动动力,改变旋转方向和速度。此轴心锁中选用的是圆柱齿轮和涡轮进行传动动力。(六)推杆推杆是轴心锁中的关键零件,是这个锁的锁芯。通过涡轮带动推杆的来回移动,然后推杆卡在花鼓轴端的牙上锁定,是两轮车的车轮锁住。(七)螺钉 螺钉选用的是通孔,用于固定电机,及其电路板的位置。 五、传动装置 (一)总传动比及其分配总传动比i=/=1440/160=9i= =3.32.73=9.009=9=3.3,为高速级传动比=2.73为低速级传动比(二)各轴转速计算(根据.轴的转速大小依次编号为、 轴)=1440r/min/=1440/3.3=436.36r/min=/=436.36/2.73=159.84r/min各轴功率计算 各轴功率、转速、转矩列表如下: 表1: 轴 号功率P(KW)转速n(r/min)转矩T(N.m) 5.04144033.43 4.84436.36105.93 4.65159.84277.82 (三)圆柱直齿轮传动的设计计算 1、高速级 1).选择齿轮材料小齿轮 40 调质 HB1=260大齿轮 45 调质 HB2=240 2)初步计算齿宽系数:由表12-13,取=1接触疲劳极限Hlim:由图12.17(C) Hlim1=720MPa Hlim2=590 MPa初步计算的许用接触应力H:H1=0.9Hlim1=0.9720=648 MPa H2=0.9Hlim2=0.9590=531 MPaAd值:取Ad=5.5mm(估计=10)初步计算小轮直径d1: 初步确定齿宽: 2) .齿面接触疲劳强度计算 圆周速度:= 精度等级:由表12-6齿轮齿数Z:取Z1=23,则模数m: 初选螺旋角 由表12-3,取 螺旋角(和估计值接近) 使用系数由表12-9 动载荷系数:由图12.9 齿间载荷分配系数: 先求 (表12-8) (表12-8) (表12-8) 由此得: 齿向载荷分布系数由表12-11 载荷系数K: (12-5) 弹性系数:由表12-12 节点区域系数:有图12.16 重合度系数:由式12-31,因取故 螺旋角系数 (12-32) 接触应力最小安全系数:由表12-14 应力循环次数: 接触寿命系数:由图12.18 许用接触应力 : (12-11) 验算接触应力: 计算结果表明,接触疲劳强度符合要求;否则,应调整齿轮参 数或改变齿轮材料,并再次进行验算。 4).确定传动主要尺寸 实际分度圆直径d: 中心距a: 齿宽b: 5).齿根弯曲疲劳强度验算 齿形系数 由图12.21得 应力修正系数由图12.22 重合度系数 (12-18) 螺旋角系数 (12-36) (12-35) 齿间载荷分配系数前面已求得 齿向载荷分布系数 由图12.14, 载荷系数K: 弯曲疲劳极限由图12.23(c)得 弯曲最小安全系数由表12-14得 弯曲寿命系数由图12.24得 尺寸系数由图12.25得: 许用弯曲应力: (12-19) 验算弯曲强度: 2.低速级 1.选择齿轮材料 小齿轮 40 调质 HB1=260 大齿轮 45 调质 HB2=240 2初步计算 齿宽系数:由表12-13,取=1 接触疲劳极限Hlim:由图12.17(C) Hlim1=720MPa Hlim2=590 MPa 初步计算的许用接触应力H: H1=0.9Hlim1=0.9720=648 MPa (12-15) H2=0.9Hlim2=0.9590=531 MPa Ad值:由表12-16,取Ad=82(估计=10) 初步计算小轮直径d1: 初步确定齿宽: (12-14) 3.齿面接触疲劳强度计算 圆周速度: = 精度等级:由表12-6 齿轮齿数Z: 取Z1=27,则 模数m: 初选螺旋角 由表12-3,取 螺旋角(和估计值接近) 使用系数由表12-9 动载荷系数:由图12.9 齿间载荷分配系数: 由表12-10,先求 (表12-8) (表12-8) (表12-8) 由此得: 齿向载荷分布系数由表12-11 载荷系数K: (12-5) 弹性系数:由表12-12 节点区域系数:有图12.16 重合度系数:由式12-31,因取故 螺旋角系数 (12-32) 接触应力最小安全系数:由表12-14 应力循环次数: 接触寿命系数:由图12.18 许用接触应力 : (12-11) 验算接触应力: 计算结果表明,接触疲劳强度符合要求;否则,应调整齿轮参 数或改变齿轮材料,并再次进行验算。 4.确定传动主要尺寸 实际分度圆直径d: 中心距a: 齿宽b: 5.齿根弯曲疲劳强度验算 齿形系数 由图12.21得 应力修正系数由图12.22 重合度系数 (12-18) 螺旋角系数 (12-36) (12-35) 齿间载荷分配系数前面已求得 齿向载荷分布系数 由图12.14, 载荷系数K: 弯曲疲劳极限由图12.23(c)得 弯曲最小安全系数由表12-14得 弯曲寿命系数由图12.24得 尺寸系数由图12.25得: 许用弯曲应力: (12-19) 验算弯曲强度: 六、执行装置 轴心锁的执行装置是由传动丝杠、锁杆和轮轴孔处的锁孔构成。这三个部件中,锁孔是在车轮的加工过程中完成的。同时,因为要安装轴心锁的而要留出安装空间的轮轴孔车轮也是特制的,在课程设计中便不再涉及。(一)传动丝杠:图6-1 传动丝杠 传动丝杠采用梯形螺纹 大径D=14mm 小径 线数n=1 螺距P=4 旋向右旋 因为工作时受力不大,转速较低。所以,材料使用45号钢。 (二)锁杆 图6-2 锁杆整体结构材质 锁杆是完成上锁的部件,要有足够的强度来保证其在使用过程中不被破坏。故对材料的强度和刚度要求较高,使用硬质合金钢。(三)锁杆啮合卡盘锁杆卡盘部分与螺纹丝杠啮合,其与梯形螺纹啮合的部分参数与丝杠的螺纹参数一直,使其在传动过程中能模拟螺纹螺杆的传动运动,保证锁杆上锁和开锁的过程中运动平稳。(四)主轴 七、传动结构装配图 八、装夹配件 (一)装夹片 1 2 3(二)装夹螺杆 (三)装夹螺杆套 (四)螺帽 九、锁体装配结构图 正视 透视 十、毕业设计总结 这次课程设计课题非常新颖,巧妙。由于两轮车轴心锁只是两轮车中的一个附加功能的小配件,省略了许多参数的精确计算,这在一定程度上减少了本次课程设计的工作量。但由于没有往届的学长做过相关的课题,也没有太多的相关资料可以借鉴也大大增加了设计的难度。虽然只是一个简单机构的设计,但涉及的专业知识还是比较多的。通过这段时间的努力,设计任务终于完成。在整个设计过程中,查阅了许多相关书籍,巩固了以前所学的知识也了解到了一些以前在课堂上不曾接触到的知识。同时还使自己的知识系统化,强化了对知识的理解,加强了机械设计方面的应用能力。同时,在设计中也感受到认真严谨的对于设计人员的重要性,往往一不留心犯下的小错误却对后面的设计造成很大的困扰。在设计过程中,要有好的耐心进行每个细节的设计。感受到设计是一项比较复杂的工作,需要很大的毅力,感受到了工程设计人员的艰辛。通过课程设计,使用了以前学过的工程制图软件,熟悉了一下软件的使用。算是温习和巩固了一遍吧,感觉受益匪浅。 参考文献1 中国标准出版社第三编辑室摩托车国家标准汇编/零部件卷20071版北京:中国标准出版社,20072 闻邦椿机械设计手册5版北京:机械工业出版社,20103 周良德,等现代工程图学2版湖南:湖南科学技术出版社,20084 孙桓,等机械原理7版北京:高等教育出版社,20055 濮良贵,等机械设计8版北京:高等教育出版社,20056 苏旭平工程材料湖南湘潭大学出版社,20087 刘洪文材料力学4版北京高等教育出版社,20048 王永华现代电气控制及PLC应用技术2版北京北京航空航天大学附录 Anti-theft alarm system, the basicsThe object can be any temperature than absolute 0 C heat radiation, the temperature is below 1725 C objects produced by the thermal radiation spectrum is concentrated in the region of the infrared light, all objects of nature, can outward radiation of infrared heat. Due to the different physical and chemical properties of any object, itself temperature generated by the infrared radiation of wavelength and distance are not the same, usually divided into three bands. Near-infrared: the wavelength range from 0.75 to 3m in infrared: 3 25m far-infrared wavelength range: wavelength range of 25 the 1000m human radiation wavelength of infrared light 50m, 8 14m, 46%, the peak wavelength of 9.5m. Second, passive infrared alarm detector at room temperature, any items are radiation. The higher the temperature of the object, the infrared radiation. Blooded animals, the infrared radiation is the most stable. We are called passive infrared detector itself does not emit any energy but only a passive receiver, detecting the infrared radiation from the environment. A few seconds after the detector installation has been adapted to the environment, no one or animal into the detection region, the scene of the infrared radiation constant, once the human body infrared radiation come to focus on the Pyroelectric mutation electrical signals generated by the optical system. and alerts. Cordon formed by the passive infrared intrusion detectors typically can reach tens of meters. Third, the passive infrared detector by the optical system, the thermal sensor (or infrared sensors) and the alarm controller parts. Its core is not seen is the infrared detector can detect changes in the thermal radiation within the space of a three-dimensional prevent off school with the role. Infrared sensors detect the wavelength range of 8 14m, the infrared peak of human radiation wavelength of about 10m, right in the within。 Forth,Passive infrared detectors (Passive Infared Detector, PIR) based on its structure, the warning range and detection distance is different, can be divided into single-beam type and multi-beam two. Single-beam PIR reflective focusing optical system, the use of surface reflector of infrared radiation from the target aggregation on the infrared sensor. This way the detector state field of view is narrow, generally below 5 , but the role of distance, up to one hundred meters. Therefore, also known as a straight line remote control passive red detector suitable for the protection of the narrow corridors, channel and blocked the doors and windows and walls. Multi-beam type used throughMirror focusing optical system, at present most of the Fresnel lens with infrared plastic lens - multi-beam structure. This lens is a special plastic molding, and a number of small lenses arranged in an arc. Alert range was more than a single-beam state in different directions to form three-dimensional fan of sensible heat region, constitute the three-dimensional alert. Fresnel lens from top to bottom is divided into a few rows above the lens more and less, below. Because people face, knee, arm, infrared radiation, just opposite the top of the lens. Less below the lens, because the infrared radiation of the lower body is weak, as to prevent the interference of the infrared radiation of the small animals on the ground. A multibeam PIR alert the field of view angle than the single beam is much greater, levels can be greater than 90 vertical field angle of 90 , but the role of closer. The Pyroelectric focus lens set to internal, high sensitivity, as long as people move around in the lens field of view will alarm. Fifth,Infrared light penetration is poor, should not have a tall object in the prevention area, otherwise shaded someone walking around will not be able to alarm, not being on the heat and strong light, especially the air conditioning and heating. Otherwise, changing the hot air will cause false alarms. In order to solve the problem items shelter, but also invented the ceiling passive infrared intrusion detector. Installed in the ceiling on the guard down the range of 360 within the protective scope of the matter from which direction the invasion would trigger an alarm, widely used in banking halls, shopping malls, public space activity area larger. Sixth,Passive alarm detector detection performance, ease of deployment, cheap and widely used. The disadvantage is the higher detection rate of false positives relative to the active. Seven active infrared detector active infrared detectors by the infrared transmitter, IR receiver and alarm controller. Were placed to close the originator of the optical system is generally used in optical lenses, play an infrared beam is focused into a parallel beam of a smaller role in making the infrared light energy to focus on the transmission. Spectral range of infrared light invisible to the human eye, it was this invisible blockade, inevitable in whole or in part, to block the infrared beam. The receiving-side output of the signal intensity of the resulting changes, which trigger the alarm controller to issue an alarm signal. Active infrared detectors encountered in small animals, leaves, dust, rain, snow, fog obscured should not alarm, or equivalent volume of goods occlusion alarm. Narrow beam, the transceiver-side installation is solid and reliable, should not be influenced by the ground shaking, the displacement caused by false positives, the optical system should be kept clean, pay attention to maintenance. Active detector probe is a point-to-point, rather than one side of the range. Which is characterized by very high detection reliability. However, if the deployment of a space, you need to have multiple active detector is expensive. The active detector is commonly used in the doors and windows blocked the deployment of the precious heritage exhibits of the Museum of monomer, as well as factories, warehouses, shopping center channel blockade, the export blockade of the parking lot, home balcony blockade.Eight active infrared detector with a single beam, dual beam, the beam points. Into the infrared beam receiver installed to the type of installation and the reflective, reflective installation is not directly receive the transmitter to the position of the transmitter and receiver set different, but received by the mirror or the appropriate reflection (eg, limestone walls, the doors smooth surface of the paint layer) is reflected back into the infrared beam. Alarm signal when the reflecting surface location and direction of change or infrared emission beam and one of the reflected beam is blocked leaving the receiver can not receive the beam of infrared reflectance. Use more detectors to prevent the layout should be taken to remove the beam accidentally launched. 防盗报警系统基础知识一、 凡是温度超过绝对0的物体都能产生热辐射,而温度低于1725的物体产生的热辐射光谱集中在红外光区域,因此自然界的所有物体都能向外辐射红外热。而任何物体由于本身的物理和化学性质的不同、本身温度不同所产生的红外辐射的波长和距离也不尽相同,通常分为三个波段。近红外:波长范围0.753m中红外:波长范围325m远红外:波长范围251000m人体辐射的红外光波长350m,其中814m占46%,峰值波长在9.5m。 二、被动红外报警探测器在室温条件下,任何物品均有辐射。温度越高的物体,红外辐射越强。人是恒温动物,红外辐射也最为稳定。我们之所以称为被动红外,即探测器本身不发射任何能量而只被动接收、探测来自环境的红外辐射。探测器安装后数秒种已适应环境,在无人或动物进入探测区域时,现场的红外辐射稳
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